N.J. Knowles - Papers and Posters Presented at Symposia, Meetings, etc.

  1. Knowles, N.J. and Hedger, R.S. (1982). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for strain differentiation of FMDV. Poster presented at the Society for General Microbiology Meeting, University of Surrey, 21st September, 1982.
  2. Hamblin, C., Crowther, J.R., Baber, D., Knowles, N.J. and McCahon, D. (1986). Recent approaches to the characterisation of strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 15-18th October, 1985. Appendix 14 91-104. Rome: FAO.
  3. Sharma, A.K., Prasad, S., Shrivastava, R.N. and Knowles, N.J. (1986). The isolation and characterization of enteroviruses from sheep. Poster presented at 1st International Veterinary Immunology Symposium, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, July 1-4, 1986, pp 115.
  4. Mahy, B.W.J., Knowles, N.J. and Pedley, S. (1988). Biotechnology in animal disease diagnosis in developing countries: new types of diagnostic methods. Paper presented to FAO Expert Consultation on the Application of Biotechnology in Livestock Production and Health in Developing Countries, La Habana, Cuba, 6-12 September 1988.
  5. Knowles, N.J., Marquardt, O. and Samuel, A.R. (1988). Antigenic and molecular characterization of isolates from recent outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the Federal Republic of Germany. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 20-23 Sept. 1988. Rome: FAO.
  6. Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J. and Carpenter, W.C. (1988). Possible constraints in the use of restricted monoclonal antibody panels for epidemiological studies of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 20-23 Sept. 1988. Rome: FAO.
  7. Crowther, J.R., Samuel, A.R. and Knowles, N.J. (1988). European monoclonal antibodies and investigations of foot-and-mouth disease viruses. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 20-23 Sept. 1988. Rome: FAO.
  8. Knowles, N.J. and Samuel, A.R. (1988). Preliminary antigenic and molecular characterization of serotype C viruses isolated from outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in Italy in 1988. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Prague, Czechoslovakia, Sept. 1988. Rome: FAO.
  9. Seechurn, P., Knowles, N.J. and McCauley, J.W. (1989). The complete nucleotide sequence of a porcine pathogenic swine vesicular disease virus. Europic '89: VIth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Bruges, Belgium, 10-16th September, 1989, p B7.
  10. Knowles, N.J. (1990). Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus type SAT2 in Zimbabwe. Paper presented at the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers Annual Conference, Scarborough 8-11 April, 1990, p10 A40.
  11. Knowles, N.J. (1990). Genetic relationships between subtype strains of foot-and-mouth disease type C virus. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Lindholm, Denmark, 25-29 June, 1990, Appendix 20: 113-116. Rome: FAO.
  12. Knowles, N.J. (1990). A method for direct nucleotide sequencing of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA for epidemiological studies. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Lindholm, Denmark, 25-29 June, 1990, Appendix 06-112. Rome: FAO.
  13. Knowles, N.J. (1990). Sequence variation of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Poster presented at the VIIIth International Congress of Virology, Berlin, 26-31 August, 1990, p 374 P52-005. Berlin: Institute for Clinical and Experimental Virology
  14. Knowles, N.J. (1990). Genetic relationships between foot-and-mouth disease viruses belonging to the SAT2 serotype. Paper presented at the VIIIth International Congress of Virology, Berlin, 26-31 August, 1990, p70 W37-002. Berlin: Institute for Clinical and Experimental Virology
  15. Knowles, N.J. (1990). A comparison of foot-and-mouth disease virus type C subtypes by partial nucleotide sequencing. Poster presented at the VIIIth International Congress of Virology, Berlin, 26-31 August, 1990, p344 P37-011. Berlin: Institute for Clinical and Experimental Virology
  16. Knowles, N.J. and Bosch, W. (1990). Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease type SAT2 in Zimbabwe, 1981 to 1989. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Lindholm, Denmark, 25-29 June, 1990, Appendix 21: 117-121. Rome: FAO.
  17. Knowles, N.J. and Samuel, A.R. (1990). Molecular and antigenic analysis of foot-and-mouth disease type C viruses isolated from outbreaks in Italy during 1988 and 1989. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Lindholm, Denmark, 25-29 June, 1990, Appendix 22: 122-128. Rome: FAO.
  18. Samuel, A.R. and Knowles, N.J. (1990). Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus type O in the Middle East. Paper presented at the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers Annual Conference, Scarborough 8-11 April, 1990, p10 A39.
  19. Samuel, A.R. and Knowles, N.J. (1990). Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease serotype O in the Middle East and North Africa between 1987 and 1989. Poster presented at the VIIIth International Congress of Virology, Berlin, 26-31 August, 1990, p343 P37-007. Berlin: Institute for Clinical and Experimental Virology
  20. Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J. and Kitching, R.P. (1990). Preliminary molecular analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus type O in the Middle East. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Lindholm, Denmark, 25-29 June, 1990, Appendix 24: 133-138. Rome: FAO.
  21. Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J. and Kitching, R.P. (1990). Preliminary antigenic and molecular analysis of strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O isolated from Saudi Arabia in 1988 and 1989. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Lindholm, Denmark, 25-29 June, 1990, Appendix 25: 139-145. Rome: FAO.
  22. Knowles, N.J. and Samuel, A.R. (1991). The genetic diversity of foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Africa prior to the rinderpest pandemic at the end of the last century. Paper presented at the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers Annual Conference, Scarborough 26-28 March 1991.
  23. Samuel, A.R., Sarma, D., Crowther, J.R. and Knowles, N.J. (1991). Antigenic and molecular analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus type O strains. Paper presented at the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers Annual Conference, Scarborough 26-28 March 1991.
  24. Samuel, A.R., Sarma, D.K., Armstrong, R.M., Clarke, B.E. and Knowles, N.J. (1991). Molecular epidemiology and antigenic analysis of foot-and-mouth disease type O viruses from Asia and Africa. Paper presented at the Europic '91: VIIth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, University of Kent, Canterbury, 24-30th August 1991, p.H6. Ed. B.E. Clarke, N.R. Parry, D.J. Rowlands.
  25. Samuel, A.R., Ansell, D.M., Carpenter, W.C., Williams, W.M. and Knowles, N.J. (1991). Genetic and antigenic variation of foot-and-mouth disease type Asia 1 viruses. Poster presented at the Europic '91: VIIth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, University of Kent, Canterbury, 24-30th August 1991, p.H15. Ed. B.E. Clarke, N.R. Parry, D.J. Rowlands
  26. Knowles, N.J. and Samuel, A.R. (1991). A distinct genetic lineage of foot-and-mouth disease virus present in an isolated African buffalo population in Uganda. Poster presented at the Europic '91: VIIth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, University of Kent, Canterbury, 24-30th August 1991, p.H10. Ed. B.E. Clarke, N.R. Parry, D.J. Rowlands
  27. Mart�nez, M.A., Dopazo, J., Hern�ndez, J., Sobrino, F., Mateu, M.G., Domingo, E. and Knowles, N.J. (1991). Phylogenetic relationships between foot-and-mouth disease type C viruses. Poster presented at the Europic '91: VIIth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, University of Kent, Canterbury, 24-30th August 1991, p.H13. Ed. B.E. Clarke, N.R. Parry, D.J. Rowlands
  28. Mart�nez, M.A., Hern�ndez, J., Piccone, M.E., Palma, E.L., Domingo, E., Knowles, N.J. and Mateu, M.G. (1991). Long term evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the field: two mechanisms of antigenic diversification. Poster presented at the Europic '91: VIIth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, University of Kent, Canterbury, 24-30th August 1991, p.H5. Ed. B.E. Clarke, N.R. Parry, D.J. Rowlands
  29. Armstrong, R.M, Rendle, R.A.S.T., Ferris, N.P., Samuel, A.R. and Knowles, N.J. (1991). Biochemical and serological studies on foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated from samples collected in Turkey in 1991. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Ankara, Turkey, 1-5 October, 1991. Rome: FAO.
  30. Domingo, E., Mart�nez, M.A., Hern�ndez, J., Borrego, B., Piccone, M.E., Palma, E.L., Knowles, N.J. and Mateu, M.G. (1991). A study of the antigenic variation of FMDV of serotype C over six decades: potential for further variation and implications for the choice of vaccine strains. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Ankara, Turkey, 1-5 October, 1991. Rome: FAO.
  31. Knowles, N.J. (1992). Foot-and-mouth disease SAT3: a comparison of molecular and traditional epidemiology. Paper presented at 122nd Meeting of the Society for General Microbiology: Virus Group Workshop on Molecular Aspects of Viral Epidemiology and Pathogenesis. University of Wales College of Cardiff, 23rd March 1992.
  32. Samuel, A.R., Armstrong, R.M. and Knowles, N.J. (1992). Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease type O. Paper presented at 122nd Meeting of the Society for General Microbiology: Virus Group Workshop on Molecular Aspects of Viral Epidemiology and Pathogenesis. University of Wales College of Cardiff, 23rd March 1992.
  33. Zhang, G., Wilsden, G., Knowles, N.J. and McCauley, J.W. (1992). The complete nucleotide sequence of Coxsackievirus B5: evidence for potential recombination within enteroviruses? Paper presented at 122nd Meeting of the Society for General Microbiology: Virus Group Workshop on Positive Strand Viruses. University of Wales College of Cardiff, 23rd March 1992.
  34. Armstrong, R.M., Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J. and Uluturk, S. (1992). Genetic studies on foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated from samples collected in Turkey. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Mittelhausen, Switzerland, 8-11 September, 1992. Rome: FAO. pp. 64-69.
  35. Woodbury, E.L., Samuel, A.R. and Knowles, N.J. (1992). Further analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates from Saudi Arabia: the presence of mixed serotype infections. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Mittelhausen, Switzerland, 8-11 September, 1992. Rome: FAO. pp. 70-74.
  36. Zhang,G., Wilsden, G., Knowles, N.J. and McCauley, J.W. (1992). Coxsackievirus B5: the complete nucleotide sequence and its relationship with other enteroviruses. 3rd International Symposium on Positive Strand RNA Viruses: September 19-24 1992, Clearwater, Florida: scientific program and abstracts 49 P2-40.
  37. Farias, S.E., Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J. and Crowther, J.R. (1992). Characterization of a foot-and-mouth disease virus type O monoclonal antibody escape mutant which is not neutralized by polyclonal cattle antiserum. 3rd International Symposium on Positive Strand RNA Viruses: September 19-24 1992, Clearwater, Florida: scientific program and abstracts 57 P3-22.
  38. Knowles, N.J., Armstrong, R.M. and Samuel, A.R. (1992). Evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A22. 3rd International Symposium on Positive Strand RNA Viruses: September 19-24 1992, Clearwater, Florida: scientific program and abstracts 37 P1-47.
  39. Armstrong, R.M., Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J., Kitching, R.P. (1992). Genetic studies on foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated from samples collected in Turkey. Paper presented at the Second Research Coordination Meeting of the FAO/IAEA/SIDA Coordinated Research Programme. "Immunoassay Methods for the Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Animal Diseases in Latin America". Bogata, Colombia, 30 November - 4 December, 1992.
  40. Woodbury, E.L., Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J. and Kitching., R.P. (1992). Further analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates from Saudi Arabia: the presence of mixed serotype infections. Paper presented at the Second Research Coordination Meeting of the FAO/IAEA/SIDA Coordinated Research Programme. "Immunoassay Methods for the Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Animal Diseases in Latin America". Bogata, Colombia, 30 November - 4 December, 1992.
  41. Knowles, N.J. and Samuel, A.R. (1993). The definition and distribution of foot-and-mouth disease virus genotypes. Paper presented at 124nd Meeting of the Society for General Microbiology: Clinical Virology and Virus Groups Symposium on Molecular Epidemiology. University of Kent, Canterbury, 5-7th January 1993.
  42. Samuel, A.R. and Knowles, N.J. (1993). Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in the Middle East. Paper presented at 124nd Meeting of the Society for General Microbiology: Clinical Virology and Virus Groups Symposium on Molecular Epidemiology. University of Kent, Canterbury, 5-7th January 1993.
  43. Wamwayi, H.M., Chamberlain, R.W., Goatley, L., Shaila, M.S., Knowles, N.J. and Barrett, T. (1993). Evidence for different lineages of rinderpest virus reflecting both their pathogenic potential and geographic distribution. Paper presented at 124nd Meeting of the Society for General Microbiology: Clinical Virology and Virus Groups Symposium on Molecular Epidemiology. University of Kent, Canterbury, 5-7th January 1993.
  44. Knowles, N.J. (1993). Molecular epidemiology and evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus. AFRC/SERC Workshop on Modelling Disease Epidemiology. University of Warwick 4-6 May, 1993.
  45. Knowles, N.J., Samuel, A.R., Ansell, D.M. and Marchant, K.M. (1993). Definition and distribution of foot-and-mouth disease virus genotypes. Paper presented at the IXth International Congress of Virology, Glasgow, 8-13 August, 1993. W28-1, p.52.
  46. Zhang, G., Wilsden, G., Knowles, N.J. and McCauley, J.W. (1993). Nucleotide sequence diversity in a range of swine vesicular disease virus isolates and coxsackievirus B5 isolates. Poster presented at the IXth International Congress of Virology, Glasgow, 8-13 August, 1993. P28-24, p.221.
  47. Kitching, R.P., Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J., Ivanov, Y., Tekerlekov, P. and Kasabov, R. (1993). Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease type O1 in Bulgaria in 1991 and 1993. Poster presented at the IXth International Congress of Virology, Glasgow, 8-13 August, 1993. P28-25, p.221.
  48. Samuel, A.R., Ansell, D.M., Woodbury, E.L., Carpenter, W.C. and Knowles, N.J. (1993). Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease type Asia 1. Poster presented at the IXth International Congress of Virology, Glasgow, 8-13 August, 1993. P28-26, p.221.
  49. Kitching, R.P. and Knowles, N.J. (1994). The molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Virus-Cell Interactions: Cellular and Molecular Responses: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bangalore, 22-24 November 1993. Ed. Natarajan, C., Gajendragad M.R., Ramachandran, S. Prabhudas, K. Raghavan, R. and Banumathi N. p. 23-27. Bangalore: Indian Veterinary Research Institute.
  50. Hafez, S.M., Kitching, R.P., Farag, M.A., Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J., Salt, J. and Al-Sukayran, A. (1994). Some aspects on the epizootiology of recent foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Saudi dairy farms. Abstract of a paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Saudi Arabian Biological Society, March, 1994.
  51. Knowles, N.J. (1994). Phylogenetic analysis of SAT strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus. OIE International Scientific Conference on the Control of Foot and Mouth Disease, African Horse Sickness and Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Gaberone, Botswana, 20-23 April 1994.
  52. Knowles, N.J., Zhang, G. and McCauley, J.W. (1994). Molecular epidemiology of swine vesicular disease. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Porcine Picornavirus Infections, Greifswald, Germany, 2-3 May 1994.
  53. Knowles, N.J. (1994). Laboratory identification of porcine enterovirus serotypes. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Porcine Picornavirus Infections, Greifswald, Germany, 2-3 May 1994.
  54. Knowles, N.J., Samuel, A.R., Ansell, D.M., Marchant, K.V., Tham, K.M. and Lin F. (1994). Polymerase chain reaction amplification and cycle sequencing of variable and conserved genomic regions of foot-and-mouth disease viruses belonging to all seven serotypes. Europic '94: VIIIth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Korpilampi, Finland, 6-11 August 1994.
  55. Knowles, N.J. and Palmenberg, A.C. (1994). Phylogenetic relationships between picornaviruses. Europic '94: VIIIth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Korpilampi, Finland, 6-11 August 1994.
  56. Peng, J., Zhang, G., McCauley, J.W., Kitching, R.P. and Knowles, N.J. (1994). Genetic relationships of porcine enteroviruses to swine vesicular disease virus and other picornaviruses. Europic '94: VIIIth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Korpilampi, Finland, 6-11 August 1994.
  57. Zhang, G., Knowles, N.J., Wilsden, G. and McCauley, J.W. (1994). Molecular evolution and epizootiology of swine vesicular disease virus. Europic '94: VIIIth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Korpilampi, Finland, 6-11 August 1994.
  58. Knowles, N.J. and Samuel, A.R. (1994). Polymerase chain reaction amplification and cycle sequencing of the 1D (VP1) gene of foot-and-mouth disease viruses. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, M�dling, Austria, 19-22 September, 1994.
  59. Ansell, D.M., Samuel, A.R. and Knowles, N.J. (1994). Molecular epizootiology of foot-and-mouth disease type Asia 1. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, M�dling, Austria, 19-22 September, 1994.
  60. Lin, F., Samuel, A.R. and Knowles, N.J. (1994). Molecular epizootiology of foot-and-mouth disease type O in the Far East. Meeting of the Society for General Microbiology, Netherlands, September, 1994.
  61. Knowles, N.J. (1994). Molecular epidemiology. VII International Symposium World Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 8-11 November 1994. OIE/WAVLD Session on Biotechnology. Advances in Biotechnology for Animal Health, 8 November 1994
  62. Davidson, F., Crowther, J.R., Rendle, T., Knowles, N.J., Thevasagayam, J.S. and Van Vuuren, C. (1995). Antigenic evaluation of serotype SAT2 foot-and-mouth disease viruses. Third Congress of the European Society for Veterinary Virology. Immunobiology of Viral Infections. Interlaken, Switzerland 4-7 September, 1994, P8-12. Schwyzer, M. and Ackermann, M. Lyon: Fondation Marcel Merieux, p. 470-474.
  63. Knowles, N.J. and Anderson, E.C. (1995). Genetic diversity of foot-and-mouth disease viruses infecting buffalo and cattle in Africa. 4th Positive Strand RNA Virus Symposium, Utrect, Netherlands, 25-30 May, 1995.
  64. Knowles, N.J., Ansell, D.M. and Samuel, A.R. (1995). Molecular epizootiology of foot-and-mouth disease type Asia 1. 4th Positive Strand RNA Virus Symposium, Utrect, Netherlands, 25-30 May, 1995.
  65. Knowles, N.J., Peng, J.H., Zhang, G., McCauley, J.W. and Kitching, R.P. (1995). Sequence analysis of porcine enterovirus serotypes 8 and 9. 4th Positive Strand RNA Virus Symposium, Utrect, Netherlands, 25-30 May, 1995.
  66. Knowles, N.J. and Dickinson, N.D. (1995). Molecular epizootiology of encephalomyocarditis virus infections. 4th Positive Strand RNA Virus Symposium, Utrect, Netherlands, 25-30 May, 1995.
  67. Woodbury, E.L., Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J. (1995). Serial passage in tissue culture of mixed foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes. 4th Positive Strand RNA Virus Symposium, Utrect, Netherlands, 25-30 May, 1995.
  68. Knowles, N.J. and Dickinson, N.D. (1995). Molecular epizootiology of encephalomyocarditis virus infections. Vth International Congress on the Impact of Viral Diseases in the Developing World, Johannesburg, South Africa, July 9-14, 1995.
  69. Knowles, N.J. and Anderson, E.C. (1995). Molecular studies on the role of the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the epizootiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Zimbabwe. Vth International Congress on the Impact of Viral Diseases in the Developing World, Johannesburg, South Africa, July 9-14, 1995.
  70. Hughes, S.K., Knowles, N.J. and Mackay, D.K.J. (1996). Antigenic characterisation of swine vesicular disease virus. Paper presented at the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers Annual Conference, Scarborough 1-4 April, 1996.
  71. Thevasagayam, S.J., Davidson, F.L., Knowles, N.J., Van Vuuren, C.J. and Anderson, J. (1996). Antigenic comparisons of field strains and vaccine strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT2 from Kenya. Paper presented at the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers Annual Conference, Scarborough 1-4 April, 1996.
  72. Woodbury, E.L., Salt, J.S., Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J. and Kitching, R.P. (1996). Population dynamics of mixed foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes in vitro and in vivo. Paper presented at the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers Annual Conference, Scarborough 1-4 April, 1996.
  73. Knowles, N.J., Anderson, E.C. and Kitching, R.P. (1996). Genetic diversity of foot-and-mouth disease viruses infecting buffalo and cattle in Africa. ODA African Wildlife Policy Consultation, Sunningdale Park, Berkshire, UK, 18-19 April, 1996.
  74. Knowles, N.J., Lin, F., Peng, J.H. and Mackay, D.K.J. (1996). Molecular relationships between human and animal picornaviruses. Europic '96: IXth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Gmunden, Austria, 18-24 May 1996.
  75. Knowles, N.J., Dickinson, N.D. and Kirkland, P.D. (1996). Molecular epizootiology of encephalomyocarditis virus infections of pigs in New South Wales. Europic '96: IXth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Gmunden, Austria, 18-24 May 1996.
  76. Knowles, N.J. and Dickinson, N.D. (1996). Genetic variation of encephalomyocarditis viruses isolated from various host species. Europic '96: IXth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Gmunden, Austria, 18-24 May 1996.
  77. King, A.M.Q., Brown, F., Christian, P., Hovi, T., Knowles, N.J., Lemon, S.M., Minor, P.D., Palmenberg, A.C., Skern, T. and Stanway, G. (1996). Proposed changes to the taxonomic classification of species within the Picornaviridae. Europic '96: IXth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Gmunden, Austria, 18-24 May 1996.
  78. Scherbakov, A.V., Drygin, V.V., Gusev, A.A., Samuel, A.R. and Knowles, N.J. (1996). Molecular epizootiology of foot-and-mouth disease in the former Soviet Union. Europic '96: IXth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Gmunden, Austria, 18-24 May 1996.
  79. Woodbury, E.L., Salt, J.S., Samuel, A.R., Knowles, N.J. and Kitching, R.P. (1996). Population dynamics of mixed-serotype foot-and-mouth disease virus infections in vitro and in vivo. Europic '96: IXth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Gmunden, Austria, 18-24 May 1996.
  80. Samuel, A.R., Woodbury, E.L., Lin, F., Ansell, D.M. and Knowles, N.J. (1996). Molecular and antigenic comparison of the capsid-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease type O viruses belonging to distinct geographical genotypes (topotypes). Europic '96: IXth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Gmunden, Austria, 18-24 May 1996.
  81. Lea, S., Blakemore, W., Fry, E., King, A., Knowles, N., Newman, J. and Stuart, D. (1996). X-ray crystallographic studies on a South African Territories type 1 foot-and-mouth disease virus. Europic '96: IXth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Gmunden, Austria, 18-24 May 1996.
  82. Mackay, D.K.J., Lin, F. and Knowles, N.J. (1996). The duration of infection with swine vesicular disease virus. Proceedings of the 14th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Bologna, Italy, 7-10 July 1996, p. 92.
  83. Lin, F., Mackay, D.K.J. and Knowles, N.J. (1997). Detection of animal picornaviruses by group-specific and virus-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Paper presented at the 51st Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers Annual Conference, Scarborough 24-27 March, 1997.
  84. Thevasagayam, S.J., van Vuuren, C.J.. and Knowles, N.J. (1997). Identification of neutralisable epitopes in SAT 2 serotype FMDV and the evaluation of a possible strain specific epitope. Abstract of a paper presented at the 51st Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers Annual Conference, Scarborough 24-27 March, 1997.
  85. Knowles, N.J. and Samuel, A.R. (1997). Molecular techniques in foot-and-mouth disease epidemiology. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Diagnosis and Control of Livestock Diseases using Nuclear and Related Techniques. Toward Disease Control in the 21st Century. Vienna 7-11 April 1997.
  86. Martin, L-A., Meyer, A.J., O'Hara, R.S., Fu, H., Knowles, N.J. and Mertens, P.P.C. (1997). Phylogenetic analysis of African horse sickness virus segment 10: does sequence variation influence virulence characteristics? Abstract of a paper presented at the African Horse Sickness Meeting, Rabat, Morocco, 2-4 April 1997, p. 44.
  87. Brocchi, E., Carra, E., Knowles, N.J. and De Simone, F. (1997). Characterisation of the antigenic structure of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) by means of monoclonal antibodies. Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of Veterinary Virology, Edinburgh, Scotland, 24-27 August 1997.
  88. Marvil, P., Knowles, N.J., Mockett, A.M.A., Britton, P., Brown, T.D.K. and Cavanagh, D. (1998). Avian encephalomyelitis virus is a picornavirus and is most closely related to hepatitis A virus. Europic '98: Xth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Jena, Germany, 5-11 September 1998.
  89. Palmenberg, A.C. and Knowles, N.J. (1998). Improved picornavirus sequence alignments and derivative relationships. Europic '98: Xth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Jena, Germany, 5-11 September 1998.
  90. Knowles, N.J. and Samuel, A.R. (1998). Tracing the origins of recent outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease. Europic '98: Xth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Jena, Germany, 5-11 September 1998.
  91. King, A.M.Q., Brown, F., Christian, P.D., Hovi, T., Knowles, N.J., Lemon, S.M., Minor, P.D., Palmenberg, A.C., Skern, T. and Stanway, G. (1998). Picornavirus taxonomy: seventh ICTV report, species, and other issues. Europic '98: Xth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Jena, Germany, 5-11 September 1998.

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