Led an army against the East Anglians and was defeated and
killed by them in 827AD The Anglians had gone over to Egbert.
ESSEX=530 AD TO 838AD
SAXON HEPTARCHY (EAST SAXONS)
ERCHWINE =530-587AD
SLEDDA =587-597AD
SABERT (SEBERT) =597-614AD
SAXRED =614-623AD
SIGEBERT II =623-655AD=Also king of Austroasia(638-56AD)
UNKNOWN =655-661AD
UNKNOWN =661-663AD
SUENFRID =663-693AD
OFFA =693-709AD
SELRED =709-738AD
SWITHRED =738-790AD
UNKNOWN =790-799AD
SIGERED =799-823AD
EGBERT =823-838AD
597AD=SABERT (SEBERT) Embraced Christianity and was baptized
by Millitus, Bishop of London. He pulled down a pagan temple at
Thorny Island and founded a church to the honour of St. Peter
before 616 AD
620 AD=Tilbury fort; the see of Bishop CEADDA or St. CHAD who
converted the East Saxons.
787AD=(785) ANGLO SAXON CHRONICLES; Eegfrith is consecrated
King 12 years before Pope LEO consecrates CHARLEMAGNE. 1st
reference in English to the consecration of a �king� in England.
Two dates are given for this event. Pope Hadrian was on the papel
throne in 785AD (Anglo Saxon Cronicles.)
784AD=During this period of 784-814AD in France, Charlemagne,
with the help of an English scholar, ALCUIN, developed the
present form of the Alphabet. As a result of his school set up
in the palace for the children of nobility, those boys went on
to found schools in the provences.
793 AD=JUNE 8TH, LINDESFARNE, (near Tweed) The Vikings raided
the Monastery and killed the Monks, taking all their goods.
794AD= Cloisters at Jarrow and Monkwearmouth were attacked by
the Vikings.
795AD=The Scotish Islands of Rechru, Skye, and Iona were also
attacked by the Vikings.
799AD=The surprised crowning of Charlemagne by Pope Leo III,
sanctioning his Kingship.
826 -27AD =ETHELWULF, son of EGBERT, was sent by his father
against the Mercian puppet states of Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and
Wessex. He defeated the sub-king of Kent and the men of the other
area�s submitted.
845AD= RAGNOR LODBROK conquered Paris.
850AD=NORMANDY being created by the Norsemen at this time.
859AD=RAGNAR�S son BJORN and a Viking called Hastings set out
for the Mediteranion. Later Hastings settled in the Loire Valley.
867AD= OSBERT was slain at YORK by the DANES.
Note! Jews, were they slave traders to Europe and the East?
Note! Hengist and Horsa invited to England by the Anglo -Saxons?
Nestor.
KING EGBERT OF WESSEX AND SUSSEX AND MERCIA
approxamitly 827AD TO 838AD (802 - 839, P.J.HELM)
800AD TO 823AD OF WESSEX AND SUSSEX.
Father was a sub-King of Kent.
ETHELWULF
I
EGBERT (hailed as Bretwalda?)
I
ETHELWOLF
I
----1----------2----------3---------4---------5----------6----
Athelstan Ethelbald Ethelbert Ethelred Alfred d. Ethelswith
Was exiled as a dangerous man. Lived at the Court of Charlemagne
for 3 years. On the death of Beorhtric, he returned to England
and succeeded to the throne.
825AD=First of four battles against Mercia at Ellendun, south
of Swindon. 2nd battle. his son, Ethelwolf against the Mercia
Puppet states of Kent, Surrey, Sussex, Essex, at which he was
victor. East Anglia then went over to his side.
829AD= He swept through Mercia and forced them to accept his
overlordship.
829AD= He met the Northumbrian army at Dore, in Derbyshire,
and they submitted to him.
830AD= He then turned his attention on the Welsh, who submitted
to him.
838AD= He led his army into half subdued west Wales. At
Hingston Down,to the west of the River Tamar, he met and
defeated Cornish and Vikings. He struck coins with the inscription,
"King of the Mercians." He was the first ruler to be hailed as
BRETWALDA.
(There is evidence that within a year or two of his death Mercia
recovered its independance.
837AD TO 857AD OR (839 TO 858)
KING ETHELWOLF
King Ethelwolf
3rd wife 1st wife 2nd wife
3 I 2
Judith (d. of Charles the bold ? Osburh
I I I
-I
I ----------
II I I
Athelstand Ethebert Ethelbald I
I
Alfred the Great
842AD: Vikings raided and ravaged London and Rochester.
845AD: He held back one attack from the Bristol Channel on the
Parrett estuary.
845AD: Ragnor Lodbrok conquered Paris
849AD; Alfred the great born at Wantage.
850AD: The Viking longships lay up for the winter at the Isle
of Thanet.
850AD: Rorik sailed across the channel and plundered; Canterbury,
London, and surrey. He wintered on the Isle of Sheppey on the
Thames.
850AD : After King Ethelwolf�s marriage to Charles the balds
daughter, when he returned to England, his son Ethalbald tried
to prevent him from returning. To save the nation they devided
it up. Ethalbald ruled in the East. And Ethelwolf in the west.
(Not sure about the kingdoms.) Judith had been made Queen Consort.
Equal to the king.
858AD= Ethelwolf died and was burried at Winchester.
858 AD= ETHELBALD succeeded his father to the throne.
Married his stepmother Judith on the death of his father.
859 AD= Ragnors son Bjorn and a Viking called, Hastings set
sail for the Mediteranian. Later Hastings settled in the
Loire Valley.
860AD=At Ethelbalds death he was burried at Sherborne Abbey.
860 AD TO 866 AD
KING ETHEBERT.
On his brothers death he reunited the kingdom. Judith
was packed off back to France.
860AD= Vikings crossed from the Somme and sailed up the River
Itchen to Winchester. They plundered the city but were put to
flight by the Ealdormen of Hampshire and Berkshire, Osric and
Ethelwulf.
865AD= Ethebert died and was buried at Sherborne. (he was the
first to recieve baptism; (Alfreds Book of Laws)
ANGLIA 570AD TO 792 AD
UFFA =570-578AD
TITULAS =578-599AD
REDWALD =599-624AD
? =624-635AD
ANNAS =635-654AD
ETHEWALD =654-664AD
ALDULF =664-713AD
SELRED =713-746AD
? =746-749AD
BEORNA =749-758AD
? =758-761AD
ETHELRED =761-792AD
? =???-827AD
EDMUND =???-867AD = EAST ANGLIA
DANES =867-?
866 AD TO 871 AD
KING ETHELRED
I
TWO SONS, ETHELWALD, ETHELHELM
He succeeded Ethebert to the throne
874AD= When the Danes overran Mercia, Burhred left and went
to Rome where he died. His wife was Ethelswith. Alfreds sister.
She stayed behind and took refuge at Alfreds Court for 14 years,
then left for Rome. She died and was buried at Pavia, Lombardy.
g. I b
----------------I---------------I--------
BURHRED m ETHELSWITH ALFRED
(king of Mercia ) the great
KING ALFRED (THE GREAT)
871 TO 901 (899)?
1ST ANOINTED KING OF ENGLAND.
Born 849AD= at Wantage, in Berkshire, the youngest son of the
Royal house of Cerdic, which ruled wessex. Father Ethelwulf,
Mother, Osburh. He was related to Ina.
853AD = Alfred was sent to Rome to fulfill a vow his father
had made. He went in his fathers place. He was only four years
old.
Letter to Alfreds father from Pope Leo after he had recieved
the boy;"I have gladly recieved your son Alfred, whom you were
anxious to send at this time to the precincts of the Holy Apostles,
and as my spiritual son I had him girded with the honour and the
outward trappings of nobility after the manner of the counsels
at Rome, because he has given himself into my hands." Alfred
returned from Rome with this letter after he had undergone a
religious and secular ceremony of pomp and splendor designed
to impress him.
854AD = His mother dies.
855AD= Alfred and his father go to Rome on another pilgramage.
Pope Leo had died in July. Benidict III was Pope.
LIST OF THE GIFTS THEY BROUGHT TO ROME; "Book of the Popes."
1. Silver, to be thrown to the common people.
2. Gold for the clergy and nobles.
3. A crown of pure gold for the Pope.
4. A sword ornamented with gold.
5. A dalmatic and alb of gold and silver thread and white silk.
6. For the Roman Churches; candelabra and four silver-gilt
hanging lamps for use as sanctuary lights.
On the way home they stopped at the court of Charles the bold.
In July it was announced that his father would marry Charles�
daughter Judith (12yrs old)
866AD= RAGNOR LODBROK�S sons conquered London, York,
East Anglia.
871AD =Ragnars sons founded colony. Set up administration
area�s in LINCOLN, STAMFORD, LEICESTER, DERBY, NOTTINGHAM,
(NORTHUMBRIA).
That autumn King Ethelred and Alfred wintered at Wessex. The
Danes moved back into East Anglia. On its march it left
devestation in its wake. Edmund fought with them but was slain
by the Danes who then subdued the land.
871AD= JAN. 8TH =Battle of Ashdown. Birkshire. Alfred won
a decisive victory at this battle.
871AD= JAN.9TH=Danes surrendered and make a pact with Ethelred
which they later broke.
871AD= JAN 22ND=Ethelred and Alfred failed to storm the Danish
camp at Old Basing.
871AD=MARCH 22ND=Ethelred and Alfred met the Danes in another
pitched battle at Meretun. This time the Danes won.
871AD=MARCH 23RD=Another force had landed and made it way to the
Danish base at Reading.
871AD= APRIL; =King Ethelred died, leaving two young sons too
small to rule. The Witon recognized Alfred as his brothers
successor and he was proclaimed king of Wessex.
871AD= MAY. Alfred fights the Danes at the Royal Manor of Wilton,
four miles west of Salisbury . Danes won.
In this year nine battles were fought, nine Danish Jorls and a
King were killed. The West Saxons made peace with the Great Army,
on condition that they move out. Wessex paid Danegeld to them.
872AD =The Danes wintered in London then moved North to
Northumbria in the summer. Their puppet king Egbert had been
overthrown by the people. He and the Archbishop of York fled
to Mercia.
873AD = summer; The Danes spent in plundering Lincoln.
=autumn, Danes move west into Mercia.
= winter; Wintered at Repton
874AD =With the flight of King Burhred, of Mercia, to Rome,
the kingdom collapsed and came under the control of the Danes.
Wessex was now the last Saxon state still independant.
The Danish Great Army split into two parts. Halfdan took his
army back to Northumbria and wasted the Northern section and
the Lake district. He then settled his men in the area that
became Yorkshire. The first of three partitions of East England.
They became farmers.
AMUND, OSKYTEL, GUTHRUM led the other half of the Great Army,
which moved into East Anglia.
878AD = KING ALFRED won Victory over Ragnors sons at
ETHANDUN.. Ragnors sons then ravaged the continent for 13 yrs.
878AD= JAN. =Third invasion of Wessex by the Vikings took him
by surprise, swooping down from Mercia. He went into hiding at
Athelney in Somerset.
LEGEND: He was supposed to have entered the Viking camp disquised
as a minstrel, gathered info on the enemy, then returned to
Athelney and led them to Victory.
878AD= MAY=After emerging from Athelney, where he had built a
fortress, Alfred gathered the fighting men of Somerset, Wiltshire,
and Hampshire to seek out the Danes under their King Guthron. He
camped one night at Iley(Easltiegh wood) in Sutton Veny.
The next morning he moved his forces to Edington in Wiltshire
and using a compact shield wall defeated the Vikings. Guthrum
promised to accept Christianity and recieved baptism at Alfreds
hands.
892AD = Famine in Europe. Ragnors sons leave Europe to return to
England. Alfreds long ships, twice the size of theirs turned them
back to the continent.
=Alfred is said to have diverted the flow of the river Lea, in
the neighborhood of Waltham Abbey, and by this means left the
Danish fleet on shore.
=Alfred could not read until his 12th year or longer.
896AD =He reorganized the fyrd (army) and established a complex
system of defence based on burghs, (fortified towns) and became
known as the �Father� of the English Navy.
=The hosts in East Anglia and Northumbria harrassed Wessex
along the South coasts with predatory bands, most of all with the
Worships they had built many years before. Then King Alfred ordered
warships built to meet the Danish ships; They were almost twice as
long as the others, swifter, steadier and with more freeboard than
the others, they were not built after the Frision or Danish designs
but to his concepts.
Alfred combined the traditional laws plus those that he thought
aproppriate.
Alfred complained that learning had declined in England to the
extent that few men on this side of the Humber could understand
English or translate Latin into English. (self quote.)
Men forced themselves to learn English in order to keep thier
positions which were at risk.
Alfred invented the candle marked into 12 inches to mark time.
When the wind blew them out he invented the lantern made from
shaved horn.
899AD NOV. 1ST. DIED ALFRED THIS DAY, after ruling almost all of
England for 281/2 years.
note; Alfred had a Norman servant named=OTTAR
KING EDWARD (the elder)
901 - 925 AD (ALSO 899-924AD)
Son of Alfred the Great.
Sister -Aethelflaed (husband was the ealdorman of Mercia)
His son was Athelstan.
901AD=Edward the Elder takes the title, "King of the Angles and
Saxons."
His sister Aethelflaed had one child and then refused her husband
ever after, saying it was unbecoming a daughter of a king to give
way to delight that ended in such pain.
Edward succeeded to his sisters mantle in Mercia. The Kings
of Wales, Hywel, Clydog, and Idwal, gave him their allegiance...
(and) then the King of Scots and the whole Scottish nation
accepted him as �father and Lord� so also did...all the inhabitants
of Northumbria, both English and Danish, Norwegians and others;
together with the King of the Strathclyd Welsh and all his subjects
This would make his claim to be the 1st King of all England seem
reasonable!
911AD =Normandy became a Norse Kingdom by the Treaty of St.
Clair-sur-Epte.
918AD=Conrad I , King of Germany offered the Crown to �Henry the
fowler,� son of Otto the illustrous, Duke of Saxony, to cope
with the chaos produced by the death of Charlemagne and the
breakup of the Empire. Henry subdued Swabian, Bavaria, annexed
Lorraine and united all Germany.
