Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879 � April 18, 1955) was a German-born
theoretical physicist widely known as one of the greatest physicists
of all time.[1][2] He formulated the special and general theories of
relativity. In addition, he made significant advancements to quantum
theory and statistical mechanics. While best known for the Theory of
Relativity (and specifically mass-energy equivalence, E=mc2), he was
awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his 1905 (his "wonderful
year" or "miraculous year") explanation of the photoelectric effect
and "for his services to Theoretical Physics". In popular culture, the
name "Einstein" has become synonymous with great intelligence and
genius.

Among his many investigations were: capillary action, his special
theory of relativity which stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws
of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field, his general
theory of relativity which extended the principle of relativity to include
gravitation, relativistic cosmology, critical opalescence, classical
problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged
with quantum theory, including an explanation of Brownian motion; atomic
transition probabilities, the probabilistic interpretation of quantum
theory, the quantum theory of a monatomic gas, the thermal properties of
light with a low radiation density which laid the foundation of the photon
theory of light, the theory of radiation, including stimulated emission;
the construction of a unified field theory, and the geometrization of
physics.

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