What former president of Yugoslavia and Serbia was ousted from power in October 5, 2001 and later was turned over to the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in the Hague?
| Slobodan Milosevic |
Who was the first directly elected leader in Russian history he received 60% of the vote for president of the Russian Republic on July 10, 1991?
| Boris Yeltson |
Name a temple of Summerian origin in the form of a pyramidal tower with each story smaller than the one below it?
| Ziggurat
|
Name the Greek orator and patriot, known for his Philippics, who developed his oratorical skill by shouting above the roar of ocean waves with his mouth full of pebbles?
| Demosthenes |
Located on the borders of Peru and Bolivia this lake is the highest lake in the world that can be navigated by large vessels?
| Lake Titicaca
|
What is given to any prose narrative about legendary heroes written in Iceland between the 1100's and 1200's?
| Sagas
|
In 1977-1978, an Egyptian leader made peace with Israel with the help of President Carter of the US. Who is this leader, who was killed in 1981 by religious fanatics in his army?
| Anwar Sadat |
Which Eastern European leader deposed in 1989 sometimes referred to himself as "The Genius of the Carpathians"
| Nicolae Ceausescu
|
What is the largest lake in the world?
| Caspian Sea
|
What is the longest river in the world?
| Nile River (Egypt)
|
What is the largest sea in the world?
| Coral Sea
|
What is the longest Mountain Range in the world?
| Andes
|
What is the largest Mountain Range in the world?
| Himalayas
|
What is the largest Island in the world?
| Greenland
|
What is the highest mountain east of the Mississippi River?
| Mount Mitchell
|
In Hinduism what god is known as the preserver and what god is know as the destroyer?
| Vishnu is the preserver and Shiva is the destroyer
|
What Hindu Goddess is associated with destruction?
| Kali
|
What are sacred texts of Hinduism called?
| Vedas and Upanishads
|
What Style of architecture was used from 1600's - 1750's throughout most of Europe in which it emphasized religious themes and focused on internal decorations such as statues and frescos?
| Baroque |
What style of architecture was used in church building from 1200-1600 in which the focus was long spires and thin walls with flying buttresses that redistribute the weight of load bearing walls allowing the structures to be built higher than ever before?
| Gothic |
The famous Renaissance architect Fillip Brunelleschi was famous for designing what architectural marvel in 1436?
| Dome of the Cathedral of Florence (used a radical technique that involved using the herringbone technique for support instead of direct columns)
|
What Israel prime minister was assassinated on Nov 4, 1995 by Jewish extremists?
| Yitzhak Rabin
|
What African country has been experiencing a civil war in the past several years involving 7 African countries and with the total body count exceeding 2.5 million people as of 2002?
| Democratic Republic of Congo |
| Who is the head of state of the country of Spain? | King Juan Carlos |
| What is the largest lake in the world? | Caspian Sea |
What is the longest river in the world?
| What is the longest river in the world?
|
What is the largest sea in the world?
| Coral Sea
|
What is the largest Mount Range in the world?
| Himalayas
|
What is the longest Mount Range in the world?
| Andes
|
What is the largest Island in the world?
| Greenland
|
What is the highest mountain in North America?
| Mount McKinley
|
What is the highest mountain in the Continental US?
| Mount Whitney
|
What is the hightst mountain east of the Mississippi River?
| Mount Mitchell
|
In Hinduism what god is know as the preserver and what god is know as the destroyer?
| Vishnu is the preserver and Shiva is the destroyer
|
What Hindu goddess is associated with destruction?
| Kali
|
What are sacred texts of Hinduism called?
| Vedas and Upanishads
|
What style of architecture is used from 1600's from 1750 throughout most of Europe in which it emphasized religious themes and focused on internal decorations such as statues and frescos. It was part of the Counter-Reformation movement and one of the most influencial artist/architects of this period was Gian Lorenzo Bernini?
| Baroque |
Which architectural style is characterized by Arch and Domes with extremely thick walls and was used around 1000-1200 AD in primarily church building?
| Romanesque
|
Sir Francis Drake's ship the Pelican was renamed what by Drake?
| Golden Hind
|
Name the French King who issued the Edict of Nantes on April 13, 1598, extending religious freedom to the Huguenots?
| Henry IV
|
Polynesia is an isolated region in the South Pacific Ocean. In 1947, a scientist and explorer set sail from South America to Polynesia on a raft called the Kon Tiki. He hoped to prove that the animals and plants on the islands in Polynesia could have come from South America aboard rafts used by ancient seafaring peoples. Who was this explorer?
| Thor Heyerdahl |
Which Alsatian-born philospher, physician, musician, and missionary won the Noble Peace Prize in 1952 for his accomplishments, one of which was the establishment of a hospital in Lambarene, Gabon, on the African continent in 1913?
| Albert Schweitzer |
Name the French -born author of Institutes of the Christian Religion who was the dominant personality in Geneva from 1541 until his death. He was one of the chief leaders of the Protestant Reformation?
| John Calvin |
Which river was for 400 years the boundary between the Romans in Gaul and the Germanic tribes, and which stream crossed by Julius Caesar was part of the boundary between Roman Italy and Roman Province of Cisalpine Gaul?
| The Rhine / Rubicon |
Name the Minnesota lake which is the source of the Mississippi River, and name the lake that is the largest source for the Nile River?
| Lake Itasca / Lake Victoria |
In which African countries did the Mau Mau uprising and Boer Rebellion take place?
| Kenya / South Africa
|
Identify the daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon who became queen in 1553?
| Mary Tutor or Mary I
|
Name the last capital of the ancient Assyrian Empire. This capital, which surpassed all cities of the empire in splendor because of its luxurious temples and palaces, was located on the east bank of the Tigris River about 230 miles north of present-day Baghdad?
| Nineveh |
The Dalmatian, a shorthaired dog with distincitive black spots on a white coat, is known as a carriage or coach dog in England, and a firehouse dog in the US. In which country does the dog orginate? The province in which the name is derived is Dalmatia, which borders the Adriatic Sea?
| Croatia (Yugoslavia) |
Which term formerly identified the ancient Greek philosophy of virtue being the highest good? As members of this group were very critical of the rest of society and mocked public opinion, the term has come to designate the belief that all people are driven by selfishness?
| Cynicism |
| What famous female reformer was most associated with introducing female nurses in miliary hospitals during the Crimean War? | Florence Nightingale |
In sailing, a lateen sail forms what geometric shape?
| Triangle
|
Which branch of languages is English descended?
| Germanic
|
Political and Moral philosophy of Chou Dynasty was called what?
| Confucianism
|
Who was South Africa's First president?
| Nelson Mandela
|
What is the German word for lighting warfare?
| Blitzkrieg
|
In 590, who was the founder of Islam born in Mecca?
| Mohammed
|
Who was the President and dicator of Argentina from 1956-1965?
| Juan Peron
|
Whom do the Roman Catholics consider to be the first Pope of the Catholic Church?
| St. Peter
|
Identify the English King whose name is both the title of a Shakespearean play and a 1989 Kenneth Branagh film based on the play. This king, who was crowned in 1413, renewed the Hundred Years War, winning a famous victory at Agincourt in 1415?
| Henry V |
The lower jaw of an orangutan and a 600 year old human skull buried in southern England formed one of history's famous hoaxes. Identify this creature?
| Piltdown Man |
Name the river that connects the following cities: Niamey, Timbuktu, and Bamako?
| Niger River
|
What name is given to the movement in art, music, and literature that reflects the principles of the 5th to 4th centuries B.C. in Greece and the 1st century BC and AD in Rome?
| Classicism |
Who was the Serbian terrorist who killed Archduke Francis Ferdinand?
| Gavrilo Princip
|
The French phase venez m' aider is the probable origin of what word that is the international radio-telephone signal word for help used by aircraft and ships in distress?
| Mayday |
World Trade Organization enforces the GATT Treaty which stands for what?
| General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades
|
What British Declaration in 1917 began the formation of an independent nation of Israel?
| Balfour Declaration
|
Term for a set of sacred books or list of books written in a particular field?
| Canon
|
Ancient City of Thebes was located on the bank of what river?
| Nile
|
16th century religious reformer that alle?gedly nailed the 95 theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany?
| Martin Luther
|
Tuscany is a region in what country?
| Italy
|
During the Middle Ages who united Europe into a great empire?
| Charlemagne
|
Name the Revolutionary Party led by Lenin?
| Bolsheviks
|
Which of the 13 original colonies was founded by the Calverts, a family of wealth English Roman Catholics?
| Maryland
|
What is the name of a group of Islands that are near to each other?
| Archipelago
|
Cape Horn is located on the southern most tip of what continent?
| South America
|
Who was the first explorer of Greenland and according to legend gave the land its name?
| Eric the Red
|
What is the latin term for someone who does not want to contest a case?
| Nolo Contendere
|
What does the abbrevation BCE stand for?
| Before the Common Era
|
What ancient law code was written on Bablyonian Stone tablets?
| The Code of Hammurabi
|
In which state our the Everglads located?
| Florida
|
Whatis the name of the fine parchment that has been prepared from the skin of animals?
| Vellum
|
What is the term for earth made cookware whose name translates into cooked earth?
| Terra Cotta
|
French scholar Jean Francois Champollion set out at age 12 to study ancient languages in order to be able to decipher which stone containing Egyptian hieroglyphics?
| Rosetta Stone
|
What was the name of the Code of laws carved on a stone column and developed by a king of Babylon for 43 years from about 1792 to 1750 BC?
| Code of Hammurabi
|
Oceania is the name given to a group of many thousands of islands located in which body of water?
| Pacific Ocean
|
Name the emperor of Rome in 312 who told of a vision before the Battle at Milvian Bridge in which he was promised victory if he fought under a sign of the cross, "in hoc signo vinces," or in this sign shalt thou conquer?
| Constantine
|
Name the edict issued by the Roman Emperor in 313 which granted universal religious toleration?
| Edict of Milan
|
In which year did the English send 6 fire ships, vessels loaded with gunpowder and set on fire, toward the Spanish Armada on the morning of August 8?
| 1588 |
He said, "The three tyrants are the external world, the superego and the id." Identify the Austrian creator of psychoanalysis who made this statement?
| Sigmund Freud
|
In which country did the semi-military organization known as the Red Guards disrupt life and close the universities from 1966 until 1970?
| China |
What name do archaeologists give to the age following the Neolithic period and characterized by weapons and tools made of an artifically produced alloy?
| Bronze Age
|
Name the leader of Athens at the beginning of the Peloponnesian Wars in 431 BC?
| Pericles
|
Name the philosophy developed by Kierkegaard's Sartre that emphasized man's freedom to choose?
| Existentialism
|
Name the philosophy developed by John Dewey that stressed practicalities?
| Practicalism
|
Name the Philosophy St Thomas Aquinas's developed from his attempt to reconcile doctrines of reason with doctrines of faith?
| Scholasticism
|
Name the 19th century philosophy emphasizing the spiritual side and stressing the unknowable character of ultimate reality advocated by Henry David Thoreau adn Ralp Waldo Emerson?
| Transcendentalism
|
In 1989 King Hassan II became the first monarch to receive a patent from the US Patent and Trademark Office. In which African country, whose capital Rabat, did he assume the throne in 1961?
| Morocco |
Identify the branch of philosophy that investigates the origins, structure, processes, and validity of knowledge?
| Epistemology
|
What is the collective names for the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick,and St Edward Island?
| Maritime Provinces
|
What is the capital of Ethiopia?
| Addis Ababa
|
Name the founder of Taoism?
| Lao-Tse or Lao-Tzu
|
The unicameral legislator of Israel is known as what?
| Knesset
|
What railroad line was the longest in the world when it was completed in 1916?
| Trans Siberian Railroad line
|
Who is the Chinese revolutionary who is responsible for establishing China as a communist state?
| Mao Zedong
|
Nelson Mandela, Oprah Winfrey, and Other African American entertainers all attended an AID's benefit in Africa. What does the # 4664 represent?
| Prison cell number
|
What is the geological time called from the beginning of time to 570 million years ago?
| Precambrian
|
What is the name of the country that was the British Northern Protectorate of Rhodesia?
| Zambia
|
Name the highest peak in the contiguous United States?
| Mt Whitney
|
What is a muslim house of worship called?
| Mosque
|
What is the term for the legal process in which a wanted criminal from a country where he or she is found, is sent to the country where he or she is accused of, or had been convicted of, a criminal offense?
| Extradition |
What Greek wrote an apology known as the Dialogues?
| Plato
|
Name the person who was the first prime minister of India?
| Neru
|
What is the longest river in England?
| Thames
|
What is the capital city of California?
| Sacremento
|
The world tallest building was recently dedicated in 2003, where is this building located?
| Taiwan (Taipei 101 tower)
|
What was the extreme political party that was lead by Robspierre during the French Revolution?
| Jacobin
|
In what Mount Range would you find the Volcano Mt St. Helens?
| Cascades
|
What is the official language of the Netherlands?
| Dutch
|
What is the capital and largest city in South Carolina?
| Columbia
|
Mozambique was a colony of what country until 1975?
| Portugal
|
Prior to the use of tin what element was smelted with copper to make bronze?
| Arsenic
|
What is the national anthem of France?
| Marseillaise
|
Name one of the two cities in which the Punic Wars were fought?
| Rome and Carthage
|
What does the term"Fourth Estate" refer?
| The Press or Journalists
|
Name the Italian inventor that sent the first trans-atlantic communication?
| Guglielmo Marconi (1897)
|
Nicholas II was the last ruler of what ruling dynasty?
| Romanov
|
What present day country do we associate with 15th century Inca Empire?
| Peru
|
What is the official language of Botswana?
| English
|
What African nation contains Mt. Kilmanjaro, Lake Victoria, and Lake Tanganyika?
| Tanzania
|
In which city did the Nazi war crimes trials take place?
| Nuremburg
|
What is the name of the pilgrimage that every Muslum must make to Mecca at least once in their life?
| Heja (Hodge)
|
Crecy, Agincourt and Ponitiers were all battles of what war?
| Hundred Years War
|
Name the Guard formed in 1504 to protect the pope?
| Swiss Guard
|
What sea captain commanded the first expedition that sailed around the world? His voyage provided the first positive proof that the earth is round?
| Ferdinand Magellan
|
What explorer led the first European expedition to track the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico?
| Sieur de La Salle
|
What English explorer made several expeditions to America and named much of what is now the Eastern United States Virginia, in the honor of Queen Elizabeth I (who was also known as the "Virgin Queen")?
| Sir Walter Raleigh
|
What explorer conquered what is now central and southern Mexico? His military triumphs led to 300 years of Spanish domination of Mexico and Central America?
| Hernando Cortes |
Who led the first expedition to reach the South Pole? He and four companions discovered the pole on Dec. 14, 1911?
| Roald Amundsen
|
What is the type of philosophy in which society's general welfare is considered the proper goal of an individual's action?
| Altruism or Utilitarianism
|
What is the type of philosophy in which self-interest is considered the proper goal of all human actions?
| Egoism or Hedonism
|
What is the type of philsophy in which all events are viewed as the necessary result of a sequence of causes?
| Determinism
|
One that doubts all claims to truth on the grounds of inadequate evidence or assessment?
| Skepticism
|
In which South American country did the longest dictatorship in Latin America end on Februrary 3, 1989, when President Alfredo Stroessner was overthrown in a military coup led by Gen. Andres Rodriguez in Ascuncion, the capital?
| Paraguay |
What name is given to the massacre of French Calvinist Protestants authorized by the Queen Mother of France in August 1572?
| St Bartholomew's Day Massacre
|
In his Summa Theologica, St Thomas Aquinas laid the foundation for modern western thought. Which name designates his 13th -century philosophy that sought to reconcile ideas of the ancients with Christian teaching?
| Scholasticism
|
Give the phrase for "all the water or oceans of the world." This designation preceded an exact knowledge of the number of the world's bodies of water?
| Seven Seas
|
Name the king called "Barbarossa" or "Red Beard"?
| Frederick I
|
What is the English meaning of the Latin phrase "tabula rasa", as used by philosophers to describe the nature of man's mind?
| "Clean Slate" (meaning the mind is blank before it receives outside impressions)
|
Which religious group refers to themselves as members of the Society of Friends?
| Quaker
|
Which religious group are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints?
| Mormons
|
What Christian domination was founded by John Wesley?
| Methodism or Methodist
|
What muslim sect opposses the beliefs of the orthdox Sunnites in Islamic countries?
| Shiites
|
From 1378 to 1417 after a controversy over papal succession split the Roman Catholic Church, there were two and sometimes three claimants to the papal office. By what name is this division in the church known?
| Great Schism
|
Who was the designed and build the first operational helicopter?
| Igor Sikorsky
|
In 1309 Pope Clement move the papacy from the Rome to this city/kingdom in France, name it?
| Avignon, France
|
The period from 1309-1378 in which the papcy was dominated by the kings of France in know as what?
| Babylonian captivity
|
What is the name given to the record of a survey of English lands made by order of William the Conqueror in 1086?
| Domesday Book
|
The adjective form of whose surname means "crafty and deceitful" or having political cunning and duplicity"? This person wrote the 1512 "The Prince", which advocated such characteristics in obtaining and keeping power?
| Niccolo Machiavelli |
At Which meeting held in 1814 -1815 were Metternich and Tallyerand the chief representatives of their countries, Austria, and France respectively?
| Congress of Vienna |
Give the name of the Polynesian people that first settled New Zealand nearly 1000 years ago?
| Maori
|
Ancient Egyptians made stone coffins to bury their dead, what are these stone coffins called?
| Sarcauphagus
|
What is the official language of Paraguay?
| Spanish
|
Name the city in which archduke Ferdinan was assassinated in 1914?
| Sarajevo, Bosnia
|
Name the short but bloody 1842 conflict between Great Britain and China?
| Opium War
|
What period of human culture followed the bronze age?
| Iron Age
|
Name the English King defeated by Norman the conqueror in 1066?
| King Harold the Great
|
What was the name given to China by 13th Century Europeans who traveled there?
| Cathay
|
What does the Latin phrase Non compos mentis mean?
| Not of Sound Mind
|
What does the Greek phrase hoi polloi mean?
| The masses or the common people
|
What was the other name of the black death?
| Bubonic Plague
|
What is the French term meaning that government should not interfere with the economic market of a country in any form?
| laissez faire
|
What is the name of the land mass occupied by Spain and Portugal?
| Iberian Peninsula
|
North Ireland is often referred to as the same name as an early province of Ireland What is this name?
| Ulster
|
Give the name of King Richard’s younger brother who is the villain in the Robin Hood legend?
| Prince John
|
What Chinese dialect is the national language of China?
| Mandarin
|
What is the only strait between the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean?
| Strait of Megellan
|
Name the river that flows through Zaire into the Atlantic Ocean and is Africa’s greatest source for elecrical power?
| Congo River
|
Name the German engineer credited with designing and building (1885) the first automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine. His car had three wheels, an electronic ignition, and differential gears/
| Karl F. Benz |
The Union Jack of the United Kingdom combines the crosses of which 3 saints-the patron saints of England, Scotland, and Ireland?
| St George, St Andrew, St Patrick
|
Thomas Carlyle wrote an extensive study of the life of a king of Prussia. He made special mention of one 11 year period (1745-1756) in this ruler's reign. Who was this Prussian King?
| Frederick the Great |
Which adjective is used today to mean "hard to read or understand; undecipheraable," and pertains to a picture or symbol representing a word, syllable, or sound used by the ancient Egyptians? The word etymologically means "pertaining to sacred writing"
| Hieroglypic
|
Name the historian who wrote, "History… is indeed little more than the register of the crimes, follies, and misfortunes of mankind." He is well known for his "The history of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire"?
| Edward Gibbon |
Name the river in China called "China's Sorrow" because of its frequent floods that ruin crops and bring famine?
| Yellow River (Hwang Ho River)
|
Name the 7th century B.C. Athenian statesmen and lawgiver who introduced the first written code of law about 621 B.C. a code so severe that it was said to be written in blood. The adjective form of his name means "rigorous, severe, or cruel"?
| Draco (adjective form Draconian) |
Name the English ruler who was given the title English Lord Protector of the Commonwealth (1653-1658) and was given the nickname "Ironsides"?
| Oliver Cromwell |
He was finally defeated and killed in the battle at Lucania in 71 B.C. by forces under Marcus Licinius Crassus, but this Roman gladiator won fame as the leader of the great slave uprising in Italy tha threatened the Roman Republic in 73 BC. Name him?
| Spartacus |
To which French King is attributed the expression, "l'etat, c'est moi" or I am the state?
| Louis XIV
|
What is the nickname of the national flag of the United Kingdom?
| The Union Jack
|
Who crowned Napoleon emperior of France in 1804?
| Himself
|
Who was president of Argentina and dictator from 1946-1955 and again in 1973?
| Juan Peron
|
What political and economic organization created by the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 includes members of the Common Market?
| The European Union
|
What form of government does the United Kingdom have?
| Constitutional Monarchy
|
Name the imaginary country in South America, which supposedly abounded in gold and precious stones?
| El Dorado
|
Louis XIV held this mysterious French prisoner for 40 years. He could have been General Du Bulonde, the Kings twin brother, Count Girolame, or several others. Nobody knows because during his lengthy imprisonment, he had to wear what?
| An iron mask |
In which country did the Mau Mau Uprising Occur?
| Kenya
|
On November 9-10 1938, mobs destroyed thousands of shops and homes in Germany in an attack on Jews, breaking so much glass that the night is now called what ?
| Kristallnacht or Crystal Night
|
The country formerly called Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is the 3rd largest African country in area. Name the 2 African countries that are larger?
| Sudan & Algeria |
Who was the first woman ever to receive a Noble Peace Prize?
| Baroness Bertha Von Suttner was awarded the Peace Prize in 1905 and was perhaps the inspiration for the award itself. Von Suttner, who organized the Austrian Peace Society and wrote the landmark anti-war novel Die Waffen Nieder (Lay Down Your Arms), was a close friend of Alfred Noble.
|
The negative form of the golden rule, "Never do to others what you would not want them to do to you", was formulated by what Chinese philosopher?
| Confucius |
From 1296 to 1299 while a prisoner in Genoa, this European traveler wrote of his travels in the Far East. Who was he?
| Marco Polo
|
This type of bread is baked, sliced, and then toasted. It gets its name from two German words that mean twice and baked?
| Zwieback
|
Name the French King who issued the Edict of Nantes on April 13, 1598, extending religious freedom to the Hugenots?
| Henry IV
|
The Flavian Amphitheater in Rome was built by the emperors Vespasian and Titus. By what name is this amphitheater known?
| The Colosseum
|
Three European countries are known collectively as the Low Countries because of their land being below sea level. Name these three countries?
| Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
|
What is the latin term used for an approximate date?
| Circa
|
Where would you find a Moscobite living?
| Moscow, Russia
|
Name the body of water that separates Italy from Yugoslavia and Albania?
| Adriatic Sea
|
Name the European Country were the international Red Cross was organized in 1864?
| Switzerland
|
Sir Francis Drake was sent around the world on his ship the Pelican, by what name did he change it to?
| The Golden Hind
|
Name the Capital of Peru?
| Lima
|
The Peace of Westphalia ended what war?
| Thirty Years War
|
Give the Latin phrase that means an admission of guilt or through my fault?
| Mea culpa
|
Name the largest desert in the world?
| Sahara
|
Name the country who capital is Canberra?
| Australia
|
How many countries are promentent members of UN security Council?
| Five (US, France, Great Britian, Russia, China)
|
Which 19th century German insisted that "God is dead" and helped develop the concept of Superman or Overman?
| Friedrich Nietzsche
|
Into which body of water does the Jordan River empty?
| Dead Sea
|
Niamey, Timbuktu, and Bamako are all cities found on what African river?
| Niger
|
Vientiane and Phnom Penh are cities located on what river?
| Mekong
|
Arles, Lyon, Genevea, Avignon are cities located on what river?
| Rhone
|
Which word coined from the Spanish for "little wars," originally designated small units of Spanish peasants who fought the French occupying forces in 1809 and today designates irregular warriors?
| Guerrillias |
Name the country in which Tagalog is the official language?
| Philippines
|
Name the Air Force of the 3rd Reich, meaning literally air weapon?
| Luftwaffe
|
William I conquered Harold of Hastings in what year?
| 1066
|
A Three-pointed star in a circle is the symbol of this German car?
| Mercedez Benz
|
This herb related to parsley was the main ingredient of Socrates' lethal potion?
| Hemlock
|