Question Tag
{S V (+/-) R …Aux (-/+)…………….. + S?} Rosa won’t be late, will she?
1-Listen,
will you?
2-Don’t
drop it, will you?
3-I
am good at English, aren’t I? Or (I am good at English, am I not?)
4-They
had to go home, didn’t they?
5-There are a lot of people, aren’t there?
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Preference
1-I prefer (sth / V1ing R) to (sth / V1ing R). (apples/oranges) (watching TV/studying)
2-I like (sth / V1ing R) better than (sth / V1ing R).
3-I would rather + V1R than (V1) R.
I would rather have an apple than (have) an orange.
I’d rather visit a big city than live there.
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Cause and effect / Showing opposition
|
because though/even though/although |
because of despite/in spite of |
so but … anyway/ yet |
therefore/ consequently nevertheless/nonetheless/however otherwise afterwards |
* Owing to/ due to
-Because of my
generous parents, all the
children in our family have received the best of everything.
-Because it was
hot, we went swimming.
-Because of the
hot weather, we went swimming.
-We
went swimming because
of the hot weather.
I think. Therefore, I exist.
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Paired (correlative) conjunctions in parallel structures
1-both…….and…….
2-not only…….but also….
3-either……….or…….
4-neither……..nor……
-He both speaks and writes English.
-Yesterday it not only rained but also snowed.
-They can either go swimming or play tennis.
-That book is neither interesting nor accurate.
-Not only coal but also oil is an irreplaceable natural
resource.
-When I refused to help her, she not only became very angry but
also shouted at me.
-My home offers me a feeling of security, warmth and love.
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Deduction
|
1-I
am (sure – quite confident-certain+ (that) +SVR. |
=(S+must/can’t+VR.) |
|
It
is impossible that + SVR. |
=
(S + can’t +
VR.) |
|
2-I
think that +SVR. Perhaps + SVR. It is possible that +SVR. |
=
(S + could/may/might
+VR.) |
S + must/can’t/could/may/might
+ V1R.
be+V3R.
be+V1ing R.
have+V3 R.
have+been+V3+R.
have+been+V1ing+R.
-Carol knows a lot about films. She must go to the cinema a lot.
-I made a lot of noise when I came home. You must have heard me.
-She was sad. She can’t have passed the test.
-The phone rang but I didn’t hear it. I must have been asleep.
-Was he driving carefully? No, he can’t have been driving
carefully.
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