My Psychology Course....Continued!



Here is more of the info that I have learned this year in my Psychology Course

1.) Discipline
2.) Classical Conditioning
3.) How to psycho-analyze someone
4.) Mental Health
5.) Social Psychology
6.) Brainwashing and Cults




















Discipline

("Behavioral Modification") Classic: Punishment (corporal) Emotional Punishment Verbal Punishment (ie. screaming at someone) Law vs. Grace * is burdensome * is winsome (brings out the best in someone) * Tell someone that they have to do something, and they're less likely to do it, but if you give someone the option to do something, then they will be more likely to do it. *EXAMPLE* If you sponsor a carwash, and you say it's free, people will give you more money than they would if you set it at a specific amount. Classical Conditioning

(Cause and Effect) * Classical Conditioning- Using cause and effect relationships to train people and animals to do certain things. 1.) Negative Reinforcement (punishment)- When you associate a bad action with a consequence. * develops a conscious and makes the person/animal do what you want them to do. 2.) Positive Reinforcement- The act of rewarding a person when they accomplish the desired reaction. When the person/animal does not do the desired reaction, you do not punish them. * This form of conditioning was created by Dr. Benjamin Spock, and is not as widely accepted as negative reinforcement. - Treat people a certain way and get a certain reaction. * Pavlov- (Pavlov's dog) Pavlov would ring a bell right before he gave his dog food, and the dog would salivate at the meal. Eventually, he would ring the bell without feeding the dog, and the dog would still salivate. * Pushing the envelope- Pushing someone to their maximum capacity (and beyond) in order to raise the bar, and raise the expectations. This allows people to feel the sense of accomplishment when they complete something that they did not think they were capable of. How to psycho-analyze someone

(The rules set for a class project) * Find someone (non-relative) who is partially distant from you. Have three separate sessions with the person. (Initial, and two follow-ups) These sessions should be 30 to 60 minutes long, and there should be at least one day between every session. *~*Disclaimers to give the person*~* ~ We are not psycho-therapists ~ The advice we give is totally unprofessional and amateur ~ We are only experimenting... this should not be taken seriously * Present a final case study * Diagnosis (problem and origin) * Recommendation * Outcome ~~Psychological Problems~~ Psycho-therapy | | V V soul healing (mind) * Freudian psycho-therapy- Most problems are caused by something that's in your subconscious. You can tap into this by using ink blots, dream analysis, handwriting analysis, etc.) * Free Association- When you tell someone to just start rambling about something, and see what subject moves to another subject. You try and see what topics the person avoids, and try to talk about those subjects. * Word Association- During word association, you will say a word, and you get the "patient" to respond with the first word that pops into their mind. If you notice that the person is avoiding talking about their mother, for instance, you will say father. If the person does not respond with mother, they may have issues with their mother. * Fears / Phobias * Ask "What in your life is bothering you?" * Phobias- Things that you fear, but you shouldn't fear. * Necessary aversions- Things that you should fear, but you don't. Sane- healthy Insane- not healthy \ / | Judged by the majority vote *~*Overcoming Fears and Phobias:*~* * Implosion- Exposure to the thought of what someone fears. You ask the person "What is the worst thing that could possibly happen from the thing that you fear?" * Flooding- Physical exposure to the thing that they fear. (If someone is arachnophobic, you would put a spider near them) * Common fear among teenagers- rejection. (For therapy, try "Pretend that I'm the girl that you like, and ask me out.") * Some fears are good fears. (ie-"I'm afraid of guns.") * Cognitive Therapy- The process of helping to change erroneous (faulty/wrong) conceptions of yourself. (either too high or too low) You can help people with this by simply talking about the issues at hand. * Carl Rogers... Rogerian Therapy- Client-centered therapy. Be a mirror for the client; repeat what they are saying. Do not do a lot of advising, instead, ask them how they can solve their problems. * Gestalt Therapy (wholism)- Humans have several different aspects to their lives. Gestaltism looks at everything in the person's life (especially routines in life) and tries to find out how changing those routines will help you. * Group Therapy- Putting people in a group with other people that have the same problems as they do. It helps people to know that there are other people with the same problems that they have out there. (safety in numbers) * Biomedical Therapy- (For example: electro-shock therapy, frontal lobotomy, psycho-somatic drugs, etc.) This generally makes people feel more mellow. * Preventative Therapy- Someone will practice preventative therapy when they don't really have any major problems, but they want to make sure that they don't get and problems. During sessions, patients generally talk about potential concerns in their lives. Mental Health

* Mental Health- Having a balanced self-concept of yourself. * disorder: low self-esteem * disorder: narcissism

Low self-esteem: Healthy:

1.) Excessive insulting behavior 1.) Capacity to praise others 2.) Excessive blaming 2.) Accept blame/responsibility 3.) Excessive need for attention: 3.) Ability to "be second" (disruptions, clothing, lying, boasting, negative behavior, swearing, etc.) 4.) Excessive competition 4.) Ability to lose gracefully * comparing yourself to someone else 5.) Excessive conformity 5.) Ability to deviate * can't act differently 6.) Excessive self-depreciation 6.) Praise yourself (moderately) "woe is me" * Addictive Personality Disorder- Where you have the tendency to not be able to stop doing something. * Antisocial Disorder (solipsism)- When you believe that there is no one else in the world that matters... you only care about yourself. (Jeffrey Dahmer- didn't have a problem with eating people) Everyone is an object. This generally leads to crime. * Borderline Disorder- People that prefer instability. They want conflict to happen in their lives. If things aren't going wrong, they want to make them go wrong. * Co-dependency- When you have to be around another person to be whole and complete. (Even if they are abusive. Without that person, you're not whole. * Controlling (Anal Retentive Disorder)- When a person always wants to make the rules and be in control. If things can't go their way, they don't want to be a part of it. * Delusion Disorder- When you honestly think that you're something that you're not. This does not necessarily mean that you are narcissistic, but you could be living in the 90's and believe that you live in the 19th century. * Depression (melancholy)- "feeling blue" Usually initiated by a loss or rejection. Can be chronic and there are drugs available to help treat it. * Histrionic Disorder- This is when someone lives a life of exaggerations. This person knows the truth, but they still exaggerate / heighten the sense of everything. * Impulsive Personality Disorder- The tendency to not think before you act. People with IPD do things on impulses. ~*~ MANIAS ~*~ * Klepto- can't stop stealing * Pyro- obsessed with fire * Nympho- obsessed with sexual activity * Narcissism- People suffering from narcissism have a heightened/bloated sense of their worth. These people truly believe that they are God's gift to the world. * Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder- The need and desire to do certain things. * Panic Attack Syndrome- The sudden feeling that everything is going wrong. You feel a total lack of control, and you basically become paralyzed. * Paranoia Disorder- When you think that everyone is conspiring against you. * Passive-Aggressive Disorder- When someone controls things by being passive and submissive. You may be telling the person "I wish you wouldn't..." but you still get them to do what you want them to do. * Pathological Liar Syndrome- These people cannot tell the truth, they just prefer to lie. ~*~ Phobias ~*~ * Agoraphobia- Fear of the outside world... these people stay inside their houses all day. * Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders. * Xenophobia- Fear of strangers... these people are only willing to be around people that they are familiar with. * Possessive (jealous) Disorder- You are afraid of people that are close to you being around certain people... you think you "own" those people. (smothering) * Projection- When you have a certain outlook about a certain person/situation, so you project it onto other people. (These can be positive or negative feelings.) They have the inability to distinguish between people. * Repression- When you always repress (don't fulfill) your desires. * Schizophrenia (MPD)- Multiple Personality Disorder. When you have two or more personalities. * Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)- The inability to keep your attention span focused. * Alzheimers- Characterized by dementia, short-term amnesia, and mental lapses. * Anorexia Nervosa- Whenever you look at yourself, you think that you're overweight. * Bulimia- "Semi-anorexia." Characterized by eating massive amounts of food and purging. * Autism- A congenital mental disorder where the person is stuck in their own world and isn't aware of their surroundings. They refer to themselves in the third person. * Chronic Fatigue Syndrome- When you are constantly tired. * Dyslexia- When you confuse letters. * Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS)- Characterized by irritability, over-reacting, crying for no reason, etc. You are usually aware of when you're experiencing PMS. * Post-Partom Syndrome- Depression related to post-birth. * Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome- After you experience something disturbing, you feel anti- social, depressed, withdrawn, etc. * Seasonal Affective Disorder- "Winter Blues"... caused by a lack of sun light. "Spring Fever"... the need for sunlight. * Turrets- The inability to control your body and/or language. * Pathology- The study of the causes of problems and disorders. * Delusional Health- When you see yourself differently than society does. * Mental Health- When you see yourself in a way that the society agrees with. Social Psychology

* Chameleon Effect- When a person changes their personality to fit with their surroundings.

*~*Coercive Power of a Group*~*

         1.) Rejection / Embarassment          2.) Ongoing Ridicule          3.) A group tends to organize around a common enemy.          4.) A group enjoys picking on the oddball.

*~*Nukem's Experiment:

Nukem followed people around to see if their beliefs changed for their family, friends, co-workers, etc. * First One Phemonon- People generally do not want to be the first to do something; they want to feel the comfort of someone else experiencing the task with them. * Deviant Behavior- When someone does not play by the rules of the group. * Eccentric- When someone acts 'weird' or 'different' they are sometimes labeles eccentric. * Reverse Psychology- The process of trying to manipulate an environment by exploiting the rebellious feature of human nature. (Humans are rebellious to direction... tell them to NOT do what you want them to do, and they will generally do it.) Brainwashing and Cults

- Everyone is suscep
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