    Who Were The Israelites?

    by Brian Desborough

    The following is an abridged excerpt from an unpublished book manuscript
    written by Brian Desborough. Biblical history, in the form it has been
    presented to us, is not an accurate depiction of Middle Eastern
    antiquity, but is largely a synthetic creation by biblical scholars
    whose interpretations of ancient events are often influenced by their
    own ideologies, and those of their academic overlords.

    As an example, we have to look no further than the claim made by
    countless scholars that Qumran was the site of a monastery, occupied by
    Essenes diligently writing their scrolls. Such a claim is ludicrous when
    we consider that the Essenes were "zealous for the Law". Why then, would
    the Essenes violate their sacred Law by residing at Qumran, adjacent to
    latrines and a large cemetery not to mention a lack of water acceptable
    for ritual bathing? If the Dead Sea Scrolls were intended for posterity
    why were so many of them mutilated by slashing or burning at one end,
    and how do we explain the absence of calcium carbonate in the cisterns
    used for laundry purposes? And what were ancient perfume bottles doing
    in a monastery? (1)

    The notion that Qumran was an Essene monastery was promoted by Father
    Roland de Vaux, who supervised The Qumran research until his death in
    1971. As a Dominican priest, he was well acquainted with monasticism,
    and this presumably contributed to his myopic view that Qumran had been
    a monastery, despite archaeological evidence to the contrary. An
    in-depth analysis of the Qumran site is presented in the author's book
    manuscript.

    What we perceive as biblical and more recent history, is largely
    propaganda disseminated in order to legitimize the actions of the
    victors of bloody conflicts or coups. The vilification of King Richard
    III stems primarily from the pen of Sir Thomas More, who conveys the
    impression that he was a contemporary of Richard. In actuality, he was
    less than six years old at the time of Richard's death. His writings
    were an attempt to legitimize the usurpation of the throne by the
    Tudors. This vilification was extended in the Shakespearean play in
    which the hapless monarch is portrayed as a hunchback with a withered
    arm. This inaccurate portrayal was perpetrated because in that era, it
    was popularly believed that a deformed person was evil

    During the past century, archaeological excavations in The Holy Land
    have revealed a more realistic portrayal of life in ancient Israel than
    that presented by successive generations of theologians, who have
    elected to obfuscate the true patterns of the past in order to elevate
    their own importance in the overall scheme of things.

    A great deal of innocent blood has been spilled in recent years in
    defense of Israeli claims that Israel belongs to the Jews by virtue of
    divine right, as depicted in the Old Testament. Does it not behoove us,
    therefore, to ascertain whether or not the Old Testament is accurate in
    this matter? (2)

    The theocratic institution of Judaism has exerted a major geopolitical,
    spiritual and occult influence upon humankind, in part because it
    modified and popularized the Cabala and the infamous Babylonian
    Talmud.(3) It is important to remember, dear reader, that the Old
    Testament was not written until after the end of the Babylonian
    captivity period, which means that many events were not committed to
    writing until several centuries had elapsed. This is why claims such as
    the Israelite occupation of Canaan by means of conquest, as described in
    the Book of Joshua, lack credibility; in fact, it we delve deeply into
    the patterns of the past, it would appear that the genocidal activities
    of the psychopathic Joshua and Moses, as depicted in the Bible, never
    occurred.

    Although the Bible displays many inaccuracies, therefore invalidating
    any pretence to being a divinely-inspired work, we should not ignore the
    Bible as a historical source, for it contains many nuggets of historical
    truth: it therefore behooves us not to throw the baby out with the
    bathwater.

    According to the Old Testament, the patriarch Abraham led his band of
    proto-Israelites from the Mesopotamian city of Haran, to the land of
    Canaan. Several generations later, starvation forced the tribe to
    migrate to the land of Goshen. Goshen was an exceedingly fertile region
    located in the Nile Delta, where the Israelites coexisted peaceably with
    the Egyptians for a period of 430 years, before being forced to flee, in
    order to escape enslavement ordered by a new monarch.

    In attempting to reconstruct the historical origins of the Israelites
    and their religion, it is well to note that Judaism as we know it today,
    is derived from a rabbinic system only dating back to the second century
    of the present era. It is claimed to be a continuation of Pharisaic
    teachings which were formulated during the aftermath of the Maccabean
    revolt (168-164 B.C.).

    Archaeological evidence is indicative that Judaism, during its formative
    period, assimilated cultic beliefs acquired from neighboring peoples,
    and is, therefore, not the uniquely original religion that religious
    purists would have us believe.

    In ancient times, the manner in which a civilization evolved was largely
    determined by the nature of the local terrain and environment. Thus, the
    great civilizations of antiquity, such as those of Egypt and the Indus
    Valley, all possessed navigable rivers, replete with very wide flood
    plains that provided the basis for extensive agriculture. Egypt is
    typical of a nation which evolved as an hydraulic civilization; each
    year between August and November, the level of the mighty Nile used to
    rise some 15 to 25 feet above normal, resulting in a floodplain up to
    seven miles in width. When the floodwaters receded, rich, fertile silt
    was deposited, which was then planted with barley, flax and wheat
    (conditions have changed since the construction of the Aswan Dam).

    The Tigris and the Euphrates rivers similarly enabled the inhabitants of
    Mesopotamia to develop an hydraulic civilization) particularly since the
    Mesopotamian Valley is even wider than the corresponding Nile Valley.
    With the passage of time, a complex network of canals and dikes were
    built, in order to control the distribution of floodwaters. These in
    turn required the establishment of a centralized government, in order to
    provide effective water management.

    Possession of a navigable river which provides easy transportation, also
    enabled such nations to develop national tax collection and military
    intelligence systems, which in turn facilitated the creation of large
    armies. Conversely, countries lacking in navigable rivers, were
    dependent upon rainfall-based agricultural economies. These tended to
    foster the establishment of city-states instead of nations.

    In perusing the Bible, one is given the impression that the River Jordan
    is a geographical feature of major importance, particularly in view of
    the fact that it is mentioned no fewer than 196 times! In actuality, the
    Jordan is little more than a wide stream, and the appellation "river"
    (nhr) is never assigned to it in the scriptures.

    Located in the Great Rift Valley - a massive rupture of the earth's
    crust extending from Turkey to North Africa - the Jordan - fed by melting
    snows - rises in the foothills of lofty Mount Hermon, which is situated
    at the boundary between Israel and Syria. (4) It plunges through a
    narrow gorge before entering the Sea of Galilee, some 25 miles to the
    south. Exiting Galilee, the river placidly meanders a sinuous path
    before discharging into the Dead Sea, for an overall distance of 90
    miles, as the crow flies - which pales in comparison with the more than
    4000 mile length of the Nile.

    Unlike the Nile, the floor of the Jordan Valley is devoid of vegetation,
    except for an almost impenetrable thicket of poplars, tamarisks and
    thorn bushes lining the river banks. To make matters worse, the Jordan
    floods in the spring, which is harvest time in the arid Middle East. In
    consequence, the Jordan was incapable of sustaining an agricultural
    economy during the biblical era; this is why the geopolitical structure
    of Canaan developed in the form of independent city-states, devoid of a
    unifying central government.

    Despite being independently ruled, the Cities of Canaan during the
    Bronze Age (which was superceded by the Iron Age circa 1200 B.C.)
    developed an integrated trading system which dealt in spices, gold,
    bronze implements and agricultural produce. Even the farmers and nomadic
    pastoralists appear to have entered into a symbiotic relationship,
    wherein the sheep and goats of the nomadic tribes grazed and fertilized
    the farmland, following the harvest.

    Perhaps this is an opportune time to pause in our narrative, to inquire
    of ourselves exactly how the art of copper and bronze smelting evolved.
    The popular belief that it originated by chance when a campfire was
    built over an exposed ore deposit is clearly fallacious; it is not
    possible to attain the requisite smelting temperature (1200 degrees
    Centigrade) by means of a campfire. Moreover, copper-smelting is a 'very
    complex technology since little copper occurs in its native (metallic)
    form. Accordingly, the commonly-found copper ores, such as azurite or
    malachite, have to undergo a reduction process in order to obtain
    metallic copper from them.

    A clearer perspective of the problem is, perhaps presented, if we
    imagine that the populace of a modern city suddenly found themselves
    transported back to the pre-Bronze Age. Among them would probably be a
    few metallurgists capable of smelting ore, if they had access to a
    suitable furnace and appropriate fluxes, but how many of them would
    recognize copper ore if they saw it, and how many would possess the
    degree of prospecting expertise to locate a substantial ore body in the
    first place?

    Since it is highly improbable that early copper smelters had stumbled
    upon such a complex process accidentally, it is quite likely that the
    process was reintroduced by high-tech survivors of the global flood.

    It was the development of smelting that provided the impetus for the
    growth of international trade between the hierarchical nations during
    the Bronze Age. Thus, Egypt, rich in gold, but lacking a local source of
    silver ore, established a maritime trade with the silver-smelting cities
    of the Aegean region.

    Until the present century, archaeologists believed that the European
    bronze industry was developed by Mycenean prospectors searching for new
    ore bodies; this belief was dashed in 1907, when four laborers began
    digging a drainage ditch in the Carpathian Basin - a region where the
    countries of Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania meet at the headwaters
    of the Tisza river.

    Approximately two feet beneath the surface of the sandy soil, the
    laborers discovered a hoard of bronze weaponry, consisting of a sword
    and twelve battle axes. That these weapons had been buried as part of a
    formal offering to a deity, and not hastily abandoned during the heat of
    battle, was evident from the fact that the sword was aligned
    north-south, and the axes were laid across it with their blades facing
    toward the west.

    The weapons were richly decorated with the curvilinear scrollwork
    normally associated with Celtic and Mycenean jewelry. Bronze artifacts
    and fragments of the molds in which they were cast, discovered in the
    same region several decades later, are demonstrative that they were the
    products of a local bronze industry, not Mycenean imports. These
    artifacts, produced by a group known as the Otomani, were, in fact,
    manufactured prior to the Celtic and Mycenean periods.

    The Otomani, with their substantial fortresses, chariots and cultic
    centers, such as the one at Salacea, in Romania, appear to have
    established a commonwealth, governed by an oligarchical hierarchy. A
    striking parallel exists between the cultures of the Otomani people and
    the Celts: curvilinear decoration, ritual dedication of expensive
    artifacts and a commonwealth type of government, all of which suggests
    that the Otomani were the precursors of the Celtic civilization of
    temperate Europe, which developed more than a millenium later.

    The Otomani established an initial trading route to Scandinavia, prior
    to focussing their marketing expertise on the Aegean area, with
    particular emphasis upon Mycenea. Bronze artifacts bearing the
    curvilinear decorative style of the Carpathian Basin have been unearthed
    at Mycenea, while a Mycenean lathe-turned gold cup, circa 1600 B.C., was
    discovered in Romania.

    In all probability, it was the unique geographical location of Mycenea,
    enabling it to control the maritime trade routes through the Gulf of
    Corinth to the North (to Italy and the Black Sea region) and through the
    Gulf of Argus to the south (to Crete, Canaan and Egypt) that permitted
    Mycenea to function as middleman in this widespread trading network.
    This allowed Mycenea to evolve into a prosperous city-state and a leader
    in the establishment of Greece as a political power center.

    We appear to be getting off the subject of the proto-Israelites, but one
    of the southern trading routes of the Otomani during the period
    2000-1500 B.C., terminated at the Black Sea, where it intersected with
    an eastern Mycenean route established for the purpose of trade with
    Mesopotamia. This was during the period in which the patriarch Abraham
    resided at the city of Haran, in the kingdom of Mari.

    Located between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers, Haran in the era of
    Abraham (which is believed by most biblical scholars to be 1800 - 1900
    B.C.) was the seat of the Mari government; it was also one of the great
    wonders of its day, primarily due to the gigantic dimensions and
    splendor of its palace. This was sufficiently large to accommodate the
    entire administrative staff of the monarch.

    The almost 24,000 texts unearthed at Mari reveal that the nation
    worshipped 24 deities and possessed a superb administrative system. Of
    masonic interest is the textual discovery that some 2000 of the nation's
    craftspeople were members of guilds.

    Some of the texts cautioned about the necessity of protecting their
    farmlands from incursions by Semitic nomadic pastoralists and their
    herds, who disturbed the peaceful lives of the Mari populace, whose
    principal interests appeared to be commerce and religion

    Thanks to the sterling efforts of archaeologists such as Professor
    Parrot of Paris, Mari has revealed itself to us as a kingdom of
    considerable sophistication. It is highly unlikely, therefore, that
    Abraham was an itinerant pastoralist as the Bible would have us believe,
    particularly since he employed servants; this implies that he was a man
    of means.(5)

    A disturbing parallel exists between events occurring in the lives of
    Abraham and his kinfolk and the laws of the kingdom of Mittani - a
    nation-state sharing the northern border of the kingdom of Mari.
    According to texts discovered at Nuzi, a Mittani city located near the
    present-day Kirkut ollfield in Iraq, a childless couple could legally
    arrange for a surrogate mother to provide an heir. The Bible states that
    Abraham's wife Sarah, being barren, procured the services of Hagar to
    fulfill this role.(6) In a similar manner, Jacob's wife Rachel, arranged
    for her maid Bilhah to be a surrogate mother.(7) Mittani law also
    awarded inheritance rights to a person who possessed statues (teraphim)
    of the deceased; we are told that Rachel stole the teraphim of her
    father Laban.(8)

    The Nuzi texts were written circa 1500 B.C., in other words, some four
    centuries after the purported time of Abraham. This suggests that either
    the Mari were the precursors of the Mitanni people, or that the biblical
    chronology is incorrect and that Abraham was born at a later period.
    Abraham allegedly left Haran 645 years before the Exodus.

    Be that as it may, the Mitanni nobility, known as Marya, were an
    Indo-Aryan warrior caste, referred to in the Bible as Horites; the
    Horites worshipped the Indian deities Mithra, the god of light, who was
    claimed to be the intermediary between the Creator and humanity, and
    Varuna, the god of cosmological order.

    In view of the preoccupation of the Marya with horses and chariots, they
    were probably descended from a migratory group of the
    previously-mentioned Otomani people of the Carpathian Basin, who not
    only possessed superior smelting technology, but appear to have used
    chariots at a much earlier period than their Middle-Eastern neighbors.

    In consideration of the fact that Abraham possessed servants, he was
    obviously a person of influence, and quite possibly a member of the
    nobility. This supposition is reinforced by the fact that textual
    evidence claims that the Mari populace were hostile toward Semitic
    pastoralists. Emerging from the past, the excavated ruins are indicative
    that Haran was a very substantial city, even by today's standards. The
    image of Abraham and his kindred pastoralists dwelling in tents amidst
    the palaces, temples and related splendors of this majestic city of
    antiquity, stretches one's credulity to the limit. Either the Patriarch
    was a tent-dwelling nomad living in a sparsely-populated pastoral
    region, or an affluent city dweller, but not both, as the Bible claims.

    Nearing the end of his life, Abraham, reluctant to see his son Isaac
    take a Canaanite for a bride, instructed his eldest servant to "go into
    my country, and to my kindred and take a wife unto my son Isaac... and
    he arose and went to Mesopotamia, unto the city of Nahor."(9)

    From this statement, we can ascertain that Abraham's original home was
    not Haran, or even Ur, but Nahor; moreover, it was the domicile of his
    relatives. Nahor was a city located in the Balikh Valley of northern
    Mesopotamia, in the region that later became the kingdom of Mitanni.
    This is of great historical importance for it suggests that Abraham was
    an Inda-Aryan Horite, not a Semite, as claimed by Jew and Arab alike.

    We are informed in the Bible that Abraham and some of his relatives
    relocated in Canaan.(10) That this was not merely a visit is emphasized
    by the fact that they took all of their possessions with them. The 600
    mile trek would have taken them down the fertile Balikh Valley to
    Palmyra, then via the famous caravan route that extended all the way
    from Mesopotamia to Egypt. Along the way they would have passed the site
    where Damascus, renowned for its spring blossoms, would later develop,
    and past the towering snow-clad peak of Mount Hermon and the hills of
    Galilee, before traversing the arid countryside of Canaan.

    Canaan, in the era of Abraham, extended from Mount Hermon in the north,
    to the arid wilderness of the Negev region in the south, an overall
    distance of 150 miles. At its narrowest point, the width of Canaan was
    only 25 miles. The Canaanite aristocracy lived in small towns of only 20
    acres or less in area; these were heavily fortified with massive walls
    for protection against marauding Bedouin tribesmen.

    The inevitable question arises as to why Abraham would leave the
    sophisticated city of Haran, with all its creature comforts, and
    undertake a hazardous journey to a primitive country of petty
    city-states and hostile nomads. Even if he were an aristocrat on a
    diplomatic mission, he would not have taken all his worldly possessions
    with him.

    The author therefore suggests that Abraham lived at a later time period
    than the 18th or 19th centuries B.C., as claimed by a consensus of
    biblical scholars. The most probable reasons for Abraham to undertake
    such an arduous journey, particularly since his wife was advanced in
    years, were either that his relatives were fugitives from justice, or
    that a major disaster had befallen the Kingdom of Mari.

    Such a cataclysmic event did, indeed, occur circa 1700 B.C., when the
    Babylonian monarch Hammurabi conquered the kingdom of Mari, and left the
    magnificent city in ruins. Throughout history, it has been the custom or
    invading despots to massacre the hierarchy and intelligentsia of
    conquered nations, in order to minimize the possibility of a rebellion.
    Accordingly, it would be perfectly natural for the Patriarch and his
    relatives to flee for their lives if they were members of the Haran
    aristocracy, living during this later time period.

    Now that we have constructed a more realistic picture of Abraham, let us
    rationalize why he would choose to relocate in the arid country of
    Canaan, instead of a more fertile region of the Middle-East. The answer
    to this problem may be found in Egyptian texts discovered at Tel el
    Amarna, in 1887. This major archaeological find comprises 377 diplomatic
    letters dating from the 15th century B.C., written by the rulers of
    Canaanite city-states. Canaan, during the second millenium B.C. was an
    Egyptian satrapy; amazingly, the Tel el Amarna letters bore such
    signatures as Prince Indaruta and Prince Suwarduta. In other words, the
    Canaanite cities were administered by Indo-Aryan Horites!

    Interestingly, some of the correspondence dealt with attacks on
    Canaanite cities launched by nomadic Semitic tribes. If Abraham were a
    nomadic Semite, clearly he would not be welcome in Canaan; if, however,
    he was an aristocratic Indo-Aryan refugee, his presence in Canaan would
    not present a problem to the Horite princes.

    Our only problem with this scenario is that Abraham supposedly possessed
    camels, according to the Bible. Camels were not domesticated until
    several centuries later. It is well to bear in mind, however, that early
    biblical history did not appear in written form until the Solomonic era
    at the earliest. With the passage of time, incorrect chronologies and
    embellishments occurred in the oral narratives. The possession of camels
    is almost certainly a false interpolation added to the narrative
    centuries later.

    When his wife Sarah died, Abraham purchased a burial site in Hebron from
    some Hittites.(11) Again we are faced with a problem if the event
    occurred in the 19th century B.C., as claimed by many biblical scholars,
    for the Hittite kingdom had not been established at that time period.
    The Hittites were in existence, however, during the 16th century, the
    period in which Abraham lived, according to the author's hypothesis. The
    term "Hittite" is a Hebrew derivation of "Khatti" - the Aryan race we
    know as the Phoenicians, some of whom colonized India, where they were
    known as Khattiyo Arrio, meaning "ruler".

    Since the Hittites' immediate neighbors were Canaan and the kingdom of
    Mitanni, both of whom, as we have seen, were administrated by
    Indo-Aryans, it explains why the Hittites were able to own land in
    Canaan.

    The Bible does not make it clear whether or not Abraham journeyed to
    Egypt, but there is archaeological evidence supportive of such a
    contention; the Bible does categorically state, however, that his trek
    took him to Gerar, which is located in southwestern Canaan, in the
    region known as the Negev.

    Mention of the Negev has an immense bearing on our narrative, for it is
    in this region of Canaan that the genesis of the future Israelite nation
    occurred, according to the author's hypothesis. Not surprisingly, this
    hypothesis is at variance with those of many biblical scholars, who
    believe that the earliest Israelite domain was in the hill country of
    upper Galilee. In order to provide the reader with a balanced
    perspective, of suggested Israelite origins, it behooves us to briefly
    examine some of these hypotheses.

    It is the consensus of contemporary biblical scholars that the Exodus,
    if it ever occurred at all, and the resultant bloody conquest of
    Canaanite cities, is an unacceptable historical construct for the
    dawning of the Israelite nation, since there are too many archaeological
    and chronological discrepancies: the destruction of individual Canaanite
    cities spanned too great a lime period to have been the result of
    Joshua's purported genocidal military campaign. An alternate model was
    proposed during the 1920's by the German scholars Alt and Noth, who
    deduced from the previously-mentioned Tel el Amarna texts that the
    proto-Israelites were the people known as the Apiru, whom they theorized
    were hostile nomadic pastoralists who eventually destroyed the Canaanite
    city-states. They suggested that the appellation "Hebrew" was, in fact,
    derived from "Apiru."

    The major problem with this theory is that the Apiru were primarily
    troublesome renegades from affluent Canaanite and Syrian families, who
    hired themselves out as mercenaries; they were never pastoralists. The
    term "Apiru" is not linguistically associated with the term "Ibri"
    (Hebrew).(12)

    During the 1960's, University of Michigan scholar George Mendenhall,
    hypothesized that Apiru mercenaries instigated a revolt by peasants, who
    had become unified by monotheism after fleeing from the plains to the
    hills. Unfortunately, there is no archaeological evidence to verify such
    a major demographic shift from the plains to the hills during that
    particular period.

    The latest theory, advanced by Israel Finkelstein, of Tel Aviv
    University, proposes that an international recession diminished the
    market demand for the sheep and goats raised by the pastoralists. The
    economic setback accordingly forced the pastoralists to modify their
    lifestyle and become farmers.(13)

    To be successful, a militant peasant revolt has to be well-funded and
    professionally directed. This was the case in the French Revolution, for
    example, where trained foreign mercenaries bore the brunt of the
    fighting, under the direction of the Illuminati. Similarly, the Angolan
    revolution was funded by the petroleum cartel, in order to oust small
    independent oil companies from the Angolan oilfields. It is unlikely
    that the Cuban revolution would have succeeded, had not Castro received
    CIA funding. There is no historical evidence that a well-funded and
    highly-trained peasant army ever attacked and conquered any of the
    heavily-fortified Cannanite cities.

    For a fledgling civilization to successfully develop, it must possess a
    strong market economy, as was the case with the coastal cities of
    Canaan, where Egyptian gold and spices were traded for copper and the
    unique purple dye that the Canaanites obtained from the murex shellfish.
    The Canaanite peasants, eking out a living on their arid hill-top farms,
    clearly lacked the necessary product diversification to establish such a
    strong economy, and sustain an affluent temple-oriented priesthood.

    In summation, the presently-advanced theories lack too many important
    facets to be tenable, which is why it is advisable to research important
    subjects ourselves, instead of accepting the all too often incorrect
    dogma of the academic mafia.

    In order to develop a realistic construct for the origin of the
    Israelites, we must search for a clan, or closely related group of
    people, who possessed manufacturing as well as farming skills, and were
    also adept at marketing their wares. They must have lived in the
    southern region of Canaan, in the Negev and the surrounding hill
    country. They must also be acquainted with a monarchical system of
    government. We must also search for archaeological evidence of early
    Judaic temple relics, such as a brazen serpent or the remains of a
    tabernacle; if we can find biblical and archaeological references to
    such a society, we can be reasonably certain that we have discovered who
    were the Proto-Israelites.

    Such a clan did, in fact exist during the time of Abraham: known as the
    Kenites. they were a clan of the Midianites - a federation of
    semi-nomadic clans whose territory extended from the Arabian Desert to
    the Negev. Unlike other Palestinian tribes who were ruled by chieftains,
    the Midianites possessed a monarchy which is referred to in the
    bible.(14) They were also called the Ishmaelites.(15) The Bible informs
    us that they were both shepherds and traders.(16) In addition, they were
    known to perform as middlemen in the gold and frankincense markets.

    The Kenite branch of the Midianites were primarily metal workers, as is
    evidenced by their name, which is derived from the root "qvn",; meaning
    "metalsmith" in Aramaic (qvny). The Kenites probably developed their
    metalworking industry after they, or the Egyptians, discovered the large
    copper and iron deposits in the Wadi el Arabah, which is located in
    southern Canaan.

    Being skilled in both metalworking and animal husbandry, the only
    missing element needed to enable the clan to become a formidable
    marketing entity, was a person with vision and strong leadership
    qualities such as Abraham. Abraham had exhibited such skills in
    undertaking the arduous trek to Canaan. We therefore need to seek
    biblical verification that Abraham knew the Midianites.

    Abraham not only knew the Midianites, he married one named Keturah!(17)
    Kenites feature prominently in the Old Testament: Moses married the
    daughter of a Kenite priest, also Jethro, who purportedly aided Moses in
    the wilderness and introduced the cult of the brazen serpent. Enoch was
    also associated with the Midianites, and the house of Rechab were Kenite
    relatives, some of whom resided at the copper-mining center of
    Ge-Harashim.(18)

    Some scholars hold that the Israelite deity Yahwey was originally the
    Kenite god Yahu. This is a most important claim, for ancient Chinese
    folklore states that Emperor Yahu ruled shortly after the last global
    flood. Unfortunately, most ancient Chinese records and classital works
    were destroyed by order of Emperor Tsin-Khin-Hong (246-209 B.C.). From
    mythologies and history that was rewritten at a later date, we are given
    to understand that a Chinese scholar by the name of Fu-hsi survived the
    flood and re-introduced the Tao (the way of the universe and nature,
    which begets all phenomena and creation).

    Chinese folklore states that Emperor Yahu was named in memory of a
    terrible groaning noise which permeated the sky and sounded like the
    word "yahu", during the time of the flood. The writer suggests that the
    global deluge was caused by the earth temporarily capturing a comet,
    which changed the topography of the planet and resulted in the Noahic
    flood. The comet finally adopted a stable orbit, becoming the planet
    Venus.

    According to Sumerian texts, the flood occurred during the reign of the
    Sumerian ruler King Zuisudra, who was advised to construct an ark,
    according to the ancient historian Sanchuniathon. The awesome groaning
    noise heard in the heavens during the cataclysm, was probably an
    enormous capacitor discharge of electricity passing between the comet
    and planet earth. So terrifying would the cataclysm have been to the
    flood survivors, that archetypal memories of the event have been handed
    down to the present day; the dazzlingly-bright comet with its writhing
    luminous tail being remembered generations later as the Morning Star,
    Lucifer the Light-bringer, and the plumed serpent Quetzalcoatl.

    So far, we have determined that the Kenites possessed the means for
    establishing an international market economy strong enough for them to
    create a nation-state. All we have to do now is find archaeological
    evidence of early religious artifacts possessing Judaic characteristics,
    and discovered in known Kenite territory.

    During the past century, many biblical scholars have expressed doubt as
    to whether the legendary Tabernacle of the Israelites ever existed.
    These doubts were refuted in 1959, when Professor Benno Rothenberg, an
    Israeli of German birth, discovered a Midianite shrine at a copper mine
    in Wadi-el Arabah, which forms part of the Great Rift Valley.

    At the shrine were the remains of a tabernacle very similar to the one
    described in the Old Testament. Also found at the shrine was a
    gold-decorated brass serpent, the symbol of the Mother-Goddess Astarte,
    who was identified with Queen Semiramis of Babylon, according to
    Athenagoras.

    A brazen serpent purportedly was installed in the pre-Solomonic temple
    at Jerusalem; other brass serpents of later date were also discovered at
    various shrines near Jerusalem, suggestive of the serpent's importance
    in early Israelite worship. According to ancient African lore, the
    serpent did not symbolize the planetary telluric currents, but was used
    as a symbol to covertly represent the shape-shifting dragons, who were
    known to Africans as the chitauri (the dragon overlords of the human
    race allegedly forbade images of themselves to be made, hence the
    adoption of the serpent as a symbol).

    In the north-eastern sector of the Negev, at an elevation of 610 meters,
    and overlooking the Dead Sea, lies the modern city of Arad, which was
    constructed in 1961 for the production of petrochemicals and fertilizer.
    A few miles away, in former Kenite territory, are the remains of a
    fortress known to have been constructed during the Hyksos period
    (1730-1580 B.C.). If the author's contention that Abraham vacated Haran
    in 1700 B.C. is accurate, it is quite feasible that the fortress, known
    as Tel el Milh, was constructed after the Patriarch had made contact
    with the Kenites. The township appears to have been settled by the
    Jerameelite family.(19)

    The Bible claims that the offspring of Moses settled in the vicinity of
    Arad, which was mentioned by Eusebius in the 4th century A.D., and is
    situated about 30 kilometers to the north-east of Beersheba. Tel Arad
    was a large Early Bronze Age city that was fortified by a massive wall
    replete with semi-circular towers.

    This ancient city was destroyed circa 2700 B.C., and remained abandoned
    until the 11th century B.C., when a new settlement arose on the site. A
    century later, a temple was added. This temple is of extreme importance
    to authentic Judaic history, for it is the oldest Israelite temple yet
    discovered.

    The general configuration of the temple closely resembled that of King
    Solomon's Temple. Flanking the main hall were two stone slabs, which
    presumably functioned as the bases for two columns, similar to the
    Jachin and Boaz columns of Judaic and Masonic lore, which formed an
    important symbolic element in Solomon's purported temple. The outer
    courtyard of the Tel Arad temple contained a sacrificial altar five
    cubits square, corresponding exactly with the dimensions of the biblical
    tabernacle. (20) Ink-inscribed pottery sherds (ostraca) found at the
    site bear the names of two biblical priestly families: Meremoth and
    Pashur.

    Like the gradual materialization of a photographic image in a tank of
    developer, our investigation has finally revealed a realistic portrayal
    of the dawning era of the Israelite nation. All the necessary elements
    are there: the heavy emphasis that the Bible imparts upon the
    relationship between Abraham and the Kenites, the oldest known Israelite
    temple was located in Kenite territory, and the Kenites were adept metal
    workers and middlemen.

    Archeological surveys indicate that numerous hamlets and towns sprang up
    in the previously sparsely populated hill country of Canaan, the
    development commencing around the time that the author believes Abraham
    settled in the Negev. The author surmises that the increasing affluence
    and political stability of the Negev region, under the leadership of
    Abraham, gradually attracted the attention of pastoralists known as the
    Shosu, who were comprised of many tribal afinities and who eventually
    settled in the hill country of Canaan.

    If Abraham was indeed an Indo-Aryan Horite, his standing with the
    Indo-Aryan rulers Of the Canaanite cities would have been presumably
    quite high, particularly if he were an aristocratic figure, or a person
    of means. This would have provided him with both the political and
    marketing clout necessary to establish the Kenites as a formidable
    commercial entity. When we evaluate what we have so far gleaned of the
    commercial potential of the Kenites, we find a group whose industrial
    and agribusiness capabilities were no better than those of the Canaanite
    city-states. Clearly an extra element was necessary in order to
    transform the Kenites and assimilated pastoralists into a powerful,
    unified nation. The author believes that missing element to have been
    the Kenite development of the largest copper and iron smelting industry
    in the entire Middle-East.

    Commencing with the extensive copper-smelting industry in the
    previously-mentioned Wadi-el-Arabah, which remained operational until
    1200 B.C., an even larger metal smelting operation, also located in
    Kenite territory, was discovered in 1937 by the distinguished American
    archaeologist Nelson Glueck. Near the shores of the Gulf of Aqabah,
    Glueck unearthed the remains of the biblical city of Ezion-Geber, famed
    during the Solomonic era for its shipbuilding industry. Among the ruins,
    Glueck discovered the remains of a surprisingly modern-looking blast
    furnace, designed to utilize a forced draft induced by the incessant
    strong winds that swept over the surrounding desert.

    The extremely large smelting pots and numerous copper and iron mines

    discovered in the vicinity, attest to the fact that here, in Kenite
    territory, was the center of a very major metal-smelting industry. The
    profits derived from such a vast undertaking undoubtedly would have made
    the Kenite clan far more affluent than any Canaanite city-state.

    As the wealth of the Kenites accumulated, their purchasing power would
    have enabled them to structure a formidable defense force, which in turn
    would tend to foster political alliances with neighboring tribes seeking
    protection from marauding bands of militant nomads.

    Wealth also tends to foster cultural advances, hence the Bible informs
    us that Moses purportedly met his Kenite father-in-law priest in the
    Sinai wilderness. It was in the same locale that the eminent British
    archaeologist Sir Flinders Petrie discovered fragments of clay texts,
    which bore a previously unknown form of writing. It was not until thirty
    years later, in 1948, that scholars were able to decipher the unique
    writing dating from 1500 B.C., which was revealed to be a dedication to
    the goddess Baalath, and was the forerunner of our present Western
    alphabet. Once again, we find a connection between the Kenites and the
    birth of the Israelite nation.

    As more of the Northern tribes became affiliated with the Kenites, it
    would have become necessary to locate the administrative and religious
    capital of the new nation in a more northerly city, in order to
    establish a centralized bureaucracy for the collection of taxes and
    direction of religious rites. This would have been the logical rationale
    for the abandonment of the Arad Temple, and the construction of a new
    one at Jerusalem, during the Solomonic era. It must be remembered that
    the Judaism is not an unique religion, but rather one that has retained
    elements of earlier religions, such as the incorporation of the tree
    calendar, as evidenced in the use of pomegranate wood in the manufacture
    of sacrificial offering spits, and the association of the menorah with
    the almond tree. Moreover, the pomegranate was the only fruit permitted
    within the Holy-of-Holies of the Temple.

    Shortly after Abraham arrived in Canaan, Egypt, for the first time in
    its long and glorious history, was conquered by foreigners. These were
    Syrian and Canaanite tribes collectively known as the Hyksos, who
    established an administrative center in the fertile Nile delta region,
    known in the Bible as the Land of Goshen. It is a matter of record that
    the Hyksos permitted starving Canaanites to settle in the Nile delta,
    whenever Canaan experienced a famine. We can therefore surmise that
    Proto-Israelite pastoralists migrated with their flocks to Egypt in
    periodic waves, and co-existed with the native populace. It is therefore
    possible that the biblical Joseph did, in fact, become Viceroy of Egypt,
    as the Bible claims, during the Hyksos dynasty. The only problem is that
    supposedly, he was the son-in-law of Potiphar, a high-ranking official.
    Unfortunately, the name "Potiphar" only came into use during the 10th.
    century B.C. In addition, Joseph's family allegedly rode camels, which
    were not domesticated at that early date.

    On a positive note, however, an ancient Egyptian canal some 200 miles in
    length, transports water from the Nile to the fertile Faiyum region.
    where orchards are cloaked with a profusion of orange and peach blossoms
    in the springtime. Even today, the canal is known as "Bahr Yusef"
    (Joseph's canal}. Since the original Pentateuch (the "J" version) did
    not appear in written form until the l0th century B.C. at the earliest,
    the oral tradition of the Joseph story is in all probability; a
    composite of several events which span several centuries.

    Two seemingly unrelated events occurred during the 15th century B.C.:
    the Hyksos' long reign over the Egyptians came to an end following a
    bloody revolt by the Egyptians, and the hill farmers of Canaan abandoned
    their land in droves. Biblical scholars have failed to provide a
    rational explanation for both events. The author believes that both
    events may have had a common causality: one thousand miles away, in the
    Aegian Sea, the island of Santorini exploded with a force many times
    greater than those which accompanied the eruptions of Krakatoa, or Mount
    St. Helens, in recent times. The Santorini disaster was precipitated by
    the explosive eruption, and subsequent collapse, of the island's volcano
    Thera, causing two thirds of Santorini to plunge into the gigantic
    crater.

    The initial blast, of unimaginable intensity, rocked the island of
    Crete, followed shortly afterwards by the issuance of a stupendous cloud
    of pyroclastic ash, which engulfed the island to a depth of 100 feet, in
    some areas the cataclysmic event destroyed the island's Minoan
    civilization. As the island of Santorini collapsed into the gaping
    crater, the resultant tidal wave, some 100 feet in height, bore down on
    the coasts of Canaan and Egypt, inundating the Nile delta and depositing
    water-borne volcanic ash on the foothills of Canaan. The prevailing
    winds would have carried the sulfurous ash cloud over Canaan, creating
    major weather changes for several years, leaving a countryside beset
    with famine for several years. (21)

    The disaster undoubtedly would have prompted a mass-migration of
    Canaanite hill farmers to the Land of Goshen, which would have been too
    far south to have been affected to any extent by the volcanic ash cloud.
    No doubt the tidal wave and resultant flooding would have severely
    disrupted the administrative and military capabilities of the Hyksos,
    thereby providing an opportunity for the Egyptians to rebel and
    overthrow their Hyksos overlords.

    It is understandable why the Proto-Israelites would wish to settle in
    the fertile Land of Goshen and co-exist with the Egyptians, rather than
    return to the arid hill country of their native land. The co-existence
    appears to have proceeded harmoniously until the reign of Ramesses II
    (1301-1234 B.C.) whose penchant for grandiose construction projects
    prompted him to commit the unfortunate Israelites to forced labor. This
    was facilitated by the fact that most of the building sites were located
    in the Land of Goshen, where the Israelites grazed their herds.

    We can surmise that some of the Israelites escaped servitude by fleeing
    to Canaan at the onset of the construction period (1290-1270 B.C.). If
    some of Abraham's relatives had, indeed, continued on to Egypt, instead
    of terminating their long trek from Haran to the Negev with Abraham,
    then the total length of the Israelites sojourn in Egypt would closely
    correspond to the time span indicated in the Bible (430 years). This
    timeline would only hold true, however, if Abraham's party began their
    journey at the destruction of Haran (circa 1700 B.C.) not two centuries
    earlier, as claimed by most scholars.

    Obviously a mass escape from bondage by 600,000 Israelite men, plus
    their dependents and large herds of animals, would have been intercepted
    at the border by the Egyptians, who maintained an efficient network of
    border outposts. The notion that such a vast number of refugees could
    covertly assemble without detection, then escape the clutches of the
    Egyptians, is absurd, a fact now acknowledged by leading Judaic
    scholars.

    Even if we ignore the logistical nightmare which would be generated in
    attempting to provide sustenance for such a large body of people, during
    their forty-year sojourn in the wilderness, we cannot overlook the fact
    that wherever large numbers of people congregate, garbage is deposited
    with the same degree of certitude as death and taxes. Despite extensive
    archaeological excavations in the wilderness regions of Israel,
    including major searches by Israelis, no artifacts older than the 10th
    century S.C. have ever been discovered in the region. Of the broken
    utensils and pottery, or the graves of hapless Israelites who perished
    prior to reaching the promised land, not a trace has been found, leaving
    biblical scholars to reluctantly conclude that the much-vaunted Exodus
    simply never occurred. This is of paramount importance geopolitically,
    for it negates the Jewish claim to Palestinian territory based solely
    upon divine right.

    In all probability, the Exodus, if it ever happened at all, consisted of
    very small individual groups of runaway slaves, who fled eastward into
    Kenite territory, in order to avoid the vigilant Egyptian border
    patrols, instead of taking the more direct caravan route into the
    coastal region of Canaan, which was once more under Egyptian rule. Much
    has recently been made by Christian fundamentalists of the discovery of
    a sunken causeway, replete with Egyptian chariot wheels, thus proving
    that the biblical exodus really took place; unfortunately, the causeway
    appears to have sunk during the eruption of Thera, at a much earlier
    date than the purported exodus. Even the claim that King Ramesses kept
    slaves is based solely on the discovery of a stele which depicts a
    worker being whipped by an overseer.(22)

    The biblical story of Moses is also highly suspect. A peculiar aspect
    associated with the great Middle-Eastern civilizers of antiquity, was
    that supposedly they were saved from a watery grave. Thus, Osiris was
    rescued from the river by his wife Isis, who was conveyed in a boat
    constructed of reeds. Similarly Sargon, the Semitic founder of the
    Akkadian dynasty (2360 B.C.) stated: "My mother conceived me and bore me
    in secret. She put me in a little box of reeds, sealing its lid with
    pitch. She put me in the river The river carried me away and brought me
    to Akki. Akki the drawer of water adopted me and brought me up as his
    son....

    The Sargon myth is similar to the predicament in which the infant Moses
    found himself. According to Philo, Moses was named after the Egyptian
    word for water (mou); conversely, his name could also be derived from
    the Semitic root meaning "bring out".

    In summation, the author is proposing that Indo-Aryan refugees, of high
    social status, whose original home was the city of Nahor, intermarried
    with Semitic Kenites and founded the Israelite nation. The
    copper-smelting technology and marketing expertise of the Kenites, in
    conjunction with local ore deposits, enabled the Proto-Israelites to
    establish themselves as the dominant copper producers in the
    Middle-East.

    The resultant economic stability of the fledgling Israelites promulgated
    the peaceful assimilation of various other tribes of hill farmers and
    Shosu pastoralists. While existing Canaanite city-states feuded among
    themselves, and were periodically invaded by foreign invaders, the
    Israelites quietly developed their overseas markets. They probably
    exported a great deal of their iron and copper to Asia, via the port of
    Ezion-Geber (the biblical Eloth) situated on the shores of the Gulf of
    Aquaba.

    In short, the Israelites were not the abominable psychopathic racists
    who attained a position of dominance by virtue of bloody conquest, as
    the Old Testament would have us believe, but instead, peaceably advanced
    toward nationhood by virtue of their superior manufacturing and
    marketing skills.

    Doubtless such an hypothesis will generate unbridled fury among Judaic
    and Christian fundamentalists alike, who, through their ignorance,
    implicitly believe in biblical infallibility, but appear to glorify in
    the rape, pillage and genocide that was allegedly incited by the
    psychopathic Moses and Joshua. To such unevolved specimens of humanity,
    the author suggests that they attempt to expand their myopic vision, in
    addition to seeking psychiatric help.

    The religion of the early Israelites does not appear to possess any
    unique characteristics; the Ten Commandments closely parallel the moral
    laws of ancient Egypt, where the Book of The Dead and the Teachings of
    Amenope counsel one not to covet the wife or property of a neighbor, nor
    to commit murder or ridicule little people. In keeping with the
    Israelites, the Athenians and the Egyptians considered themselves the
    Creator's chosen race.

    We know very little regarding Judaism during its formative centuries,
    except that the Israelites embraced Goddess worship. We glean from II
    Maccabees that even as late as 162 B.C., Jewish soldiers wore magical
    amulets; the Bible also informs us that during the post Solomonic
    period, human sacrifices still occurred in Israel.

    Mention of Goddess worship brings us to Solomon, who, according to the
    Bible, erected shrines throughout the land dedicated to the Goddess
    Ashtoreth. We are also told that the architectural design and
    construction of the Temple was directed by Hiram, who was loaned for the
    task by the goddess-worshipping king of Tyre. According to occult lore,
    Hiram was a member of a mystery school known as the Dionysian
    Artificers, who had established lodges throughout the Mediterranean
    countries. This mystery school was destined to found similar lodges in
    Europe at a later date, such as the Comacine Masters, even influencing
    the great Roman architect Vitrivius in the process.(23) A splinter group
    known as the Cassidens were active among the desert communities
    (Essenes, Zadokites etc.) during the 1st century A.D. It was such
    mystery schools, with their closely-held esoteric knowledge of sacred
    geometry, that eventually spawned the Frater Solomonis Mystery School,
    founded by St. Bernard of Clairvaux and responsible for the design of
    the Gothic Cathedrals. The design of the gothic cathedrals incorporated
    not only conventional sacred geometry, but also magic squares, in order
    to make the cathedral interiors function as tuned resonant cavities.(24)

    Unlike contemporary western religions, which embody the use of prayer,
    and also possess philosophical overtones, the religion of the Israelites
    was essentially a temple cult, primarily oriented toward the practice of
    the sacrificial rite, prayer being considered a superfluous element.

    The plethora of goddess-oriented artifacts discovered throughout Israel,
    suggests that a strong matriarchal influence was extant among the
    populace, as the fledgling Israelites evolved toward nationhood - a
    concept clearly at variance with the patriarchal emphasis implied in the
    Pentateuch. In analyzing this apparent contradiction, we must take into
    consideration that the first five books of the Bible were not written
    until at least seven centuries after Abraham had entered Canaan. This is
    ample time for the oral transmission of Israelite history to have become
    distorted or, more likely, deliberately revised to falsely justify the
    necessity for the line of succession of the Israelite priesthood to
    remain permanently within the Levite tribe.

    After the floodwaters of the global deluge had subsided somewhat, Yahwey
    informed Noah that the rainbow represented a covenant between Yahwey and
    the planet. Note that this covenant was not addressed to a specific
    ethnic group, but to: "...every living creature of all flesh." Yahwey
    later replaces the covenant with a new one addressed solely to Abraham
    and his descendants, in which Abraham is promised the land of Canaan
    forever (Genesis 17:8). At an even later date, Yahwey yet again revises
    the covenant, this time addressing it to Moses, who is instructed to
    lead the Israelites to the promised land.

    Such a display of capriciousness forces one to conclude that in order to
    rigidly enforce their religious and administrative authority over the
    Jewish populace, the Levitical priesthood had to conceive and implement
    a deceptive ploy, which would persuade the Jews, after their release
    from their Babylonian captivity, to abandon their worship of various
    deities and offer exclusive allegiance to Yahwey. Hence the covenant
    myth, which significantly is explained in expanded form in Leviticus 26:
    3-5: "If ye walk in my statutes and keep my commandments, and do them:
    Then I will give you rain in due season, and the land will yield her
    increase..." Needless to say, this covenant, which binds the nation in
    perpetuity, was composed of hollow words, for despite attempted
    adherence to the Mosaic Law, the Israelites suffered crop failures and
    oppression from foreign powers. In conceiving of a deceptive masterplan
    worthy of Machievelli, the Levitical priesthood were able to maintain
    their rapacious and repressive dominion over the god-fearing populace
    for many centuries. Like the contract between the Devil and Dr. Faustus,
    the Levitical covenant in its final form, permanently bound the
    Israelites to a vengeful deity.

    How strange it is that Jews and Christians alike, subscribe to the
    existence of a Supreme Being, yet also implicitly believe that the
    Creator entered into an exclusive covenant with the Israelites - a body
    of people, who, according to the Bible, committed genocide on a massive
    scale, in addition to participating in the ritual sacrifice of
    juveniles.

    Eventually, belief in the Mosaic covenant formed such a powerful mindset
    among the post-exhilic Jews, that the covenant myth became the
    cementitious constituent which, through the centuries, has prompted Jews
    from very diverse backgrounds to tenaciously adhere to their elected
    religion. It is a tragedy for humanity that belief in such a patently
    false theocratic dogma has generated what is, in all probability, the
    most enduring and important cultural construct in recorded history. It
    has resulted in a great deal of unnecessary bloodshed, particularly
    during this present century, and is inevitably destined to foment even
    greater mayhem in the near future, if the City of London crowd
    accomplish their objective of fomenting a nuclear holocaust in the
    Middle-East.(25)

    The Old Testament exhibits a gradual, yet subtle shift toward
    thinly-disguised Mithraism - the patriarchal solar cult of the
    Indo-Aryans, becoming very blatant in the Books of the Prophets, such as
    Habakkuk 3:3-4, where "...his brightness was as the light." Originally
    androgynous when worshipped in India centuries prior to his adoption by
    the Persians, Mithra shed his feminine aspect and became the
    militaristic god of monarchs and warriors. This change occurred after
    Macedonia was conquered by Darius 1st, King of Persia (521-485 B.C.).

    The Israelite functions of priests and temple attendants became the
    exclusive domain of the Levite clan, who were entrusted with these
    positions as a reward for their dedication in following the laws of the
    mythical Moses, according to the Bible. Paradoxically, Levitical
    followers of an Israelite named Korah rebelled against Moses! Something
    is clearly amiss with the biblical history of the Israelites, suggestive
    that it was tampered with, presumably to justify the Levites seizing
    control of the priesthood. Such a ploy would also enable them to
    manipulate the wealth of Israel, particularly since the Temple held the
    nation's treasury, and was also the national center of commerce, as well
    as its religious focal point.

    In all probability, the Levites seized political as well as religious
    authority through aligning themselves with a foreign power, and
    subsequently revising Israelite history to favor their own
    self-aggrandizement. We must therefore search for a period in Israelite
    history which not only provided for such an opportunity, but was also an
    era which saw radical modifications to both religious and secular codes.
    Such an opportunity arose in 587 B.C., when King Nebuchadnezzer
    conquered the towns and cities of Judah, destroying the Temple and
    deporting some of the populace to Babylon, where they remained for
    seventy years. Research has revealed that although the devastation of
    Judah was severe, some of the populace, including priests remained; a
    Jew named Gedaliah was appointed Governor of Judah by the Babylonians.
    This fact is of importance to our search, since the prophet Jeremiah and
    the remnants of the ruling class, joined Gedaliah in Mizpa, a city to
    the north of Jerusalem. The fact that Gedaliah was subsequently
    assassinated by a Jewish nationalist for his complicity with the
    Babylonians, suggests that Jeremiah and his priestly associates were
    quislings. Interestingly, Jeremiah 51 claims that Babylon "...shall
    become a dwelling place for dragons...."

    Levites returning to Judah after their long exhilic period, were in a
    unique position to establish a dictatorship. Gone forever was the
    monarchical era established earlier, and there was no centralized
    administration or written national history; the Persian monarch Cyrus,
    who had released them from their Babylonian captivity, even ordered them
    to rebuild the Temple.

    Seizing their opportunity, the Levites apparently established a
    theocracy, introducing laws which incorporated religious and secular
    codes, which were based upon those of their Babylonian captors.
    Feastdays corresponded; thus Tisri of the Babylonians became the Feast
    of the Tabernacles, Nisan equated with the Passover, and Adar was
    similar to the Purim. Until the Babylonian captivity, angels formed no
    part of Israelite life; the angel myth had been created by Sumerian
    peasants after a mortal named Tas Mi-ki-gal became honored as dragon
    slayer and Lord of Agriculture.

    With the passage of time, he was deified as Lord of the Air. To the
    superstitious Sumerians, this meant that he must have had feathered
    wings, in order to fly. And so began the myth of the person we know as
    Archangel Michael, whose agricultural genesis is celebrated by
    Christians with the Harvest Festival, held on Michaelmas Sunday. To the
    Sumerians, the lofty aloofness of their sun-god Ia provided the
    priesthood with the opportunity to appoint his powers on earth to his
    son Tas Mi-ki-gal, who became the overlord of a host of angels.
    Phoenician coins depict the winged figure and the name "Mikalu", while a
    Hittite seal illustrates a man under attack by a dragon appealing to the
    archangel for help. In this manner, the angelology of the Babylonians
    was eventually incorporated into the Jewish religion in the post-exhilic
    years; the Jews also inherited the insidious Babylonian practice of
    usury.

    The Jewish Sabbath became as strict and repressive as that of Babylon,
    and possessed similar prohibitions regarding cooking or the lighting of
    fires on the Sabbath. Another adoption was the establishment of places
    of worship that were subservient to a central Temple authority; the
    rapacious Levites even authorized themselves to mint the coin of the
    realm! With the approval of their Persian overlords, the Levitical
    priesthood (descendants of Aaron) established their own repressive
    version of the Israelite religion as the law of the land, and the High
    Priest of the Temple became ruler of all Israel.

    Reconstruction of the Temple and establishment of the new theocracy,
    occurred during the reign of King Darius 1st of Persia, the ruler who
    apparently expunged all traces of the feminine aspects of the deity
    Mithra, who, the legend states, was the intermediary between the Creator
    and humankind, and was discovered as a baby by herdsmen, who had been
    guided by a star (the solar crown on the Statue of Liberty is the crown
    of Mithra, the solar deity). Egyptian and Judean texts demonstrate that
    the Persian monarch played an active role in overseeing the religious
    activities of his satrapies.

    It was the custom of conquering monarchs to introduce the attributes of
    their deity Mithra, to the defeated nation, by attaching them to a local
    god, in order to avoid incurring the wrath of the populace. Another ploy
    sometimes adopted by an invading monarch was an earnest plea to the gods
    of a city under siege, to transfer their allegiance to the side of the
    invaders. To prevent such a ploy being used against them, a defensive
    measure utilized by the Romans was the assigning of the name Appollo to
    Mithra, the god of their military forces.

    In view of the above, it is quite possible that an understanding was
    reached between the wily Levite clan and King Darius 1st, whereby the
    unscrupulous Levites were installed as rulers of Israel, in perpetuity,
    in return for assigning the attributes of Mithra to Yahwey. In effect,
    Yahwey, the god of the Kenites, was covertly displaced by the
    militaristic deity Mithra, only the god's name remaining unaltered.

    It is remarkable how quickly that new generations of Chinese, growing up
    under the yoke of communist indoctrination, abandoned the religious
    beliefs and ancestor worship of their elders. Similarly, the new
    generation of Jews, who grew up so influenced by Babylonian culture that
    they even forgot their native tongue, would have lacked the ability to
    discern that the religion and history of their people being promulgated
    by the Levites, radically differed from that previously taught by the
    pre-exhilic priesthood. The immediate post-exhilic period was
    accordingly very opportune for the wily Levites to introduce a new,
    self-aggrandizing code of religious and secular laws, without arousing
    undue suspicion, particularly if the new religion bore the approval of
    King Darius.

    The coastal peninsula, some twelve kilometers north of the city of
    Tunis, is a prestigious residential area. Even the official residence of
    the President of Tunisia is located there. Unfortunately, the growing
    urban expansion has posed a major threat to the archaeological remains
    of what was one of the great maritime trading centers of the ancient
    world - the city of Carthage.

    Founded in the eighth century B.C., as a Phoenician outpost and colony
    of the city of Tyre, Carthage possessed two large artificial harbors,
    replete with covered berths for commercial and naval ships. From this
    city, the stately Phoenician triremes plied their trade over far greater
    oceanic distances than Establishment archaeologists would have us
    believe. A hoard of Carthaginian coins was discovered by Portuguese
    sailors during the 18th century in the Azores, some 800 miles off the
    European coast.

    Dr Mark McMenamin, a professor of geology at Mount Holyoke College,
    Massachusetts, became interested in this event, which induced him to
    conduct a study of Carthaginian currency. He discovered that Phoenician
    gold coinage bore minute markings corresponding to the outlines of
    several geographic regions, including South America. The professor's
    findings are supportive of bronze figurines which were discovered in
    1641 by Jesuit priests residing near Minas Gerais, in Brazil.
    Inscriptions on the figurines have been identified by Vatican scholars
    as Phoenician; the coins and figurines strongly suggest that the
    seafaring Phoenicians had established widespread trading relationships
    during the biblical era. Additional evidence that the Phoenicians had
    visited South America as trans-oceanic traders, not as shipwrecked
    mariners, is provided by a stone discovered in Brazil more than. a
    century ago. Authenticated by Brandeis University scholar, Cyrus Gordon,
    the stone, which is known as the Parahyba Text, bears a Phoenician
    inscription describing a voyage by Phoenician merchants, who had
    departed from the Mediterranean port of Sidon during the 6th century
    B.C..(26)

    At the same time that the city of Carthage was being built during the
    8th century B.C., the Spanish coastal city of Tarshish prospered, as
    metallic ore mined by the Basque natives was traded to Phoenicians who
    had settled in the region; the local language, known as Tartessian, was
    a dialectical variant of Phoenician.(27)

    Unlike the flimsy coastal-hugging craft that plied the Mediterranean
    during the biblical era, the ships of Tarshish, with their graceful
    swan-like bows and leather sails, were large ocean-going vessels.
    Moreover, the Basque seafarers of Tarshish possessed exceptional
    navigational skills, which had evolved from their employment of a base
    seven mathematical system, similar to that of the Irish Celts. The
    Basques, noted for their octagonal fields and incredibly difficult
    language, never have been given due credit for their major contribution
    to navigation and cartography (Juan de la Cosa Vizcaino was the Basque
    owner/navigator of Christopher Columbus' flagship, the Santa Maria, and
    also served as pilot on the epic voyages of Amerigo Vespucci and Vasco
    de Balboa).

    This digression from our narrative was necessary because it is
    interesting to conjecture the fate of the Kenite metal workers, after
    their local supply of ore had run out. Ezekial reported that the
    merchants of Tarshish brought silver, tin, iron and lead to the city of
    Tyre for trade. In all probability, much of the imported metal was
    acquired by Kenite metalsmiths. in exchange for copper from the Kenite
    foundries. Is it possible that the Kenites found a new ore supply after
    their own mines were exhausted? Could it have been smelted into copper
    in America by Kenites, then exported to Israel by means of Phoenician
    ships?

    Curiously, 5000 ancient copper mines have been discovered on Michigan's
    Isle Royale; in total, some 500,000 tons of copper were smelted from
    Michigan ore in ancient times, yet the relatively small number of copper
    artifacts recovered from Native American burial mounds does not account
    for the prodigious volume of ore that was extracted from the Michigan
    mines. Curiously, some Indian gravesites were found to contain copper
    sheets formed into the shape of animal hides.

    It was a common practice among European and Mediterranean bronze age
    cultures to shape their copper ingots into a configuration similar to
    that of an animal hide, the four leg-like protrusions serving as
    convenient handles for lifting purposes. It is possible that the
    artifacts found in the Indian graves were beaten from native copper
    (which does not require smelting) by Indians who were influenced by the
    shape of the smelted ingots, in the belief that the latter possessed
    magical properties. Since the amount of North American copper ore which
    was mined in Biblical times does not tally with the quantity of copper
    artifacts unearthed in America, one is compelled to wonder whether any
    imported ore or copper found its way into the hands of Kenite
    craftspeople.(28)

    Ignoring the vast discrepancy between the total weight of copper ore
    mined in Michigan, and the small number of artifacts discovered on
    American soil, the archaeological establishment claims that the gigantic
    American mining effort was solely the work of a North American copper
    culture! Sadly, mainstream archaeologists also have elected to dismiss
    the abundant epigraphic evidence which very strongly suggests that the
    Phoenician merchants of Tarshish had established trading stations in
    North America more than two milleniums ago. Abundant epigraphic evidence
    in the form of inscribed stones, and structures bearing inscriptions in
    Tartessian and Oggam, have been discovered at New England sites.

    A credible find occurred in 1982, when Russell Burrows discovered an
    ancient funerary cave in Southern Illinois. In addition to jewels and
    gold medallions, The funerary artifacts also included several thousand
    stone tablets bearing inscriptions in Tifinag, Phoenician and Oggam, and
    symbols denoting Bel and Tanith. Of particular note were engravings of
    men wearing Phoenician-style hats, an Egyptian cartouche and a Jewish
    menorah. In view of the above, it is quite possible that the Kenite
    metal workers used American copper after their own mines became
    depleted.

    In completing our quest for the true origins of the Israelite nation, we
    cannot ignore one important facet of the puzzle, for it has a direct
    bearing upon the belief structure of many Christian fundamentalists.

    These fundamentalists have adopted the so-called British Israelite
    hypothesis, which claims that the Danite princess Tea Tephi, together
    with her retinue, settled in Ireland circa 1250 B.C.. Some Danites, in
    addition to the other tribes who had comprised the Northern kingdom of
    Israel, after the division of the nation, were taken into captivity by
    the Assyrians circa 740-721 B.C., and were relocated in the Caucases
    region. where they became known, thereafter, as "Caucasians", according
    to the fundamentalists.

    They claim that the tribe of Dan subsequently migrated to Western
    Europe. Therefore, according to the convoluted reasoning of the
    fundamentalists, the Anglo-Saxons and people of Germanic stock are God's
    chosen race, a reward for disseminating Christianity throughout the
    world.

    In consequence of this belief structure, a great deal of anti-Jewish
    hate literature has been published by various Christian Fundamentalists
    groups. Since it is hoped that this article will contribute toward
    interracial understanding and harmony, such a claim by the Christian
    fundamentalists cannot go unchallenged.

    Recent archaeological excavations among the ruins of former Canaanite
    coastal cities, have revealed ceramic containers from the Philistine era
    (12th. century B.C.). These containers, which differ from earlier
    Canaanite vessels, possessed very thick walls in order to withstand the
    rigors of maritime travel. They were discovered in the Levantine area
    known to have been occupied by the Danites; similar vessels were also
    found in Cyprus and at Tel Dan, an inland Danite stronghold of the
    Galilee region, described in the Bible as Sidonian (Phoenician)
    territory.

    According to Genesis 49: 16-17, the Danites, lacking a known geneology,
    were not related to the early Israelites. In other words, the Danites
    were presumably members of the Sea Peoples group known as the Danuna or
    Denyen to the Egyptians, who initially settled in Canaan circa 1175,
    according to the Egyptian wall relief at Medinet Habu, and were, in alt
    probability, related to the Greek Sikeloi. There is a strong possibility
    that that the Danites were Greeks who had participated in the Trojan
    war, and served as role models for the Greek epics Goliath and Samson.
    Regrettably, space does not permit development of this hypothesis,
    attractive though it is. Additionally, we must not overlook the biblical
    statement that the Danites: "... dwell on ships" (Judges 5: 17) whereas
    the Israelites were not a seafaring race.

    British Israelism was concocted in the 19th century by the British Crown
    and members of its government, in order to falsely claim that the
    British are really God's chosen people. This ideology was reinforced in
    1901, when an American freemason and British Israelism afficionado, the
    Reverend Charles Parham created the Pentecostal Movement. Parham later
    lost his ministry after being charged with pederasty and became a
    speaker for the Ku Klux Klan.

    Observing the successful spread of Pentecostalism among the American
    black population, the British introduced Pentecostalism to South
    Africa's militant Zulu nation, as a pacification measure, in 1908.
    Throughout recorded history, the oligarchy has employed state-regulated
    religions as a ploy to maintain a form of mind-control over the
    populace, as evidenced by the Cult of Apollo in Greece, and King Henry
    VIII appointing himself Pontifex Maximus, in order to regulate the
    religious belief structure of the English.

    At the present time, the City of London crowd and British Intelligence
    are using Christian Fundamentalism and the charismatic cults as a means
    to exert control over both the United States military and the Patriot
    Movement. Several leading Pentecostalists are former high-level military
    officers, such as General Ralph E. Haines, the former architect of
    "Operation Garden Plot", intended for the military take-over of every
    American city if a state of national emergency is declared, and General
    Benton Partin, a founder of the Front Line Fellowship, a charismatic
    organization active in Africa, whose participants include former South
    African commandos. Partin has allegedly received intelligence reports
    from a British Israel geopolitician.(29)

    Another fundamentalist organization under oligarchical control is the
    International Christian Leadership, created in order to exert influence
    over key members of society, by Colonel Sir Vivian Gabriel, a former
    British Air Commission attache in Washington. During the 1950's, the
    organization's major sponsor was former Nazi S.S. officer Prince
    Bernhard at the time he was founding the Bilderberg Group. According to
    one American newspaper, Televangelist and Christian Fundamentalist Pat
    Robertson visited Zaire at the request of then President George Bush, in
    order to persuade the Zaire government to transfer alt that nation's
    mining interests to foreign ownership. British mining companies
    subsequently funded the bloody coup led by the despotic Lauren Kabila,
    which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Africans. After
    the coup, Robertson invited the dictator to be his guest in America.(30)

    The Christian Fundamentalist movement, with its emphasis on British
    Israelism, is particularly dangerous at the present time, since
    fundamentalist extremists are urging the destruction of Jerusalem's Dome
    of the Rock, the third holiest Islamic location, and the reconstruction
    of the Jewish Temple on the site, in order to precipitate Armageddon.

    Mother insidious British Israelite activity in recent years has been the
    publication of books erroneously claiming that Mary Magdalene and her
    purported sister Martha were both brides of Christ. Mary fled Jerusalem
    in A.D. 70 and settled in France, where Mary's offspring allegedly
    married into the Frankish royal family, which later spawned the
    Merovingian bloodline.

    This nonsensical tale appears to be a ploy to convince the public that
    the principal European royal families are direct descendants of the
    biblical House of David, and appears to be an attempt to legitimize the
    European Oligarchy as overlords of the proposed New World Order
    religion.

    This charade began with the publication in France of a book of thirteen
    poems entitled Le Serpent Rouge, in which Mary Magdalene possessed "a
    celebrated vase". All we know of Mary Magdalene from the Bible is that
    Christ purportedly cast seven devils out of her (Magdala was an ancient
    occult center). We are not informed whether or not he married her, or
    whether Martha was her sister.

    The myth is extremely flawed. The direct Merovingian bloodline began
    with Merovee, who died in 458 A.D., and was succeeded by his son
    Childeric, whose tomb contained 300 gold bees. The Merovingians claimed
    descent from the Trojans of Greece, not from the Jewish Davidic
    bloodline.

    This claim is almost certainly correct, for according to Homer's Iliad,
    the Greek city of Troy was named in honor of Tros, whose father
    Dardanus, founded the city. His name suggests that he could have been of
    Danite descent. The Greek deity Zeus was depicted both as an eagle and
    also as a serpent, to which offerings of honey were made, possibly a
    connection with the Merovingian gold bees. Zeus was claimed to have been
    born in Arcadia, a name of esoteric importance to the Priory of Sion.

    Arcadia was in the region known as Sparta. It is known that some
    Spartans migrated initially to Troy, then later to southern France,
    before settling in the French province of Lorraine (the domicile of the
    current head of the Illuminati). In the apocryphal book 1 Maccabees, a
    letter from Areus, king of Sparta, to the Jewish High Priest, states
    that the Spartans are "of the race of Abraham." As we have seen, Abraham
    was most certainly an Indo-Aryan Horite, not a Semite. The letter ended
    by stating that the King's symbol was an eagle holding a dragon in its
    claws. This is very interesting because the Danites flew a red and white
    standard bearing an eagle, and like the Spartans, grew their hair long.
    As was previously stated, the Danites were not related to the ancient
    Israelites; they also, in keeping with the Greeks, made offerings of
    honey, possibly denoting a tradition later symbolized by the Merovingian
    gold bees.

    According to Josephus, the Danites migrated to Lebanon, where they
    remained for 600 years before disappearing from recorded history. What
    the above investigation appears to reveal, however, is that the
    oligarchical bloodlines of Europe are not descended from the House of
    David (even the biblical story of David appears to be apocryphal) but
    from Indo-Aryan Danites. This would account for the long hair of
    Merovee; it also provides an explanation for the Habsburg adoption of
    the eagle symbol and the gold bees. One author promoting this fallacious
    attempt to link the European bloodline with the House of David also
    appears to be an apologist for the consumption of menstrual blood, a
    revolting custom still performed by members of the Illuminati hierarchy,
    according to more than one observer of this habit. This author also
    displays a penchant for griping that the House of Windsor usurped the
    rightful claim to the British Crown, which thankfully suggests that
    there is disharmony within the Illuminati ranks.

    Fortunately for humanity, even the Christian Fundamentalists have
    rejected the claims of such books, which present an indigestible stew
    consisting of a few nuggets of truth immersed in misinformation and
    pabulum. Only the more ill-informed and gullible members of the New Age
    community have swallowed this concoction.

    Over the centuries, the wrath of Christians has been directed toward the
    Jews, not only for their refusal to accept Christ, but also for the
    Jewish bigoted claim that they are God's chosen people, a claim based
    upon it being a reward for the Israelite adherence to the Mosaic Law.
    Such a claim is, of course, utter nonsense, since, according to the
    Bible, the Israelites under Moses and Joshua, broke most of the Ten
    Commandments during their alleged destruction of the Canaanite cities,
    during the conquest period.

    Established beliefs die hard, but it is hoped that the next generation
    of Jews will avoid the intolerant and hateful attitude of the radical
    Gush Emunim Jewish Fundamentalists, and instead adopt an enlightened
    attitude and realize that Israel is not theirs by divine right, and
    learn to co-exist with their Arab neighbors. The Old Testament is both a
    very flawed religious and secular history of the Israelites; the author
    accordingly hopes that the factual data presented in this article will
    assist in generating a paradigm shift in the mind-set of younger Jews,
    toward a more accurate understanding of Israelite history.

    In these times of growing anti-Semitism, it is well to remember that
    Judaism, despite its false dogma, has afforded a sterling service by
    providing a focus for Jews during times of persecution, thereby
    maintaining cohesion among individual Jewish family units.

    In concluding this article on a positive note, it appears to be a
    fortuitous characteristic of human nature that most people strive to
    make spiritual growth during their lifetime. What finer role model could
    we find for this task, than a person whose first name simply means
    "Judahite". He is the late Sir Yehudi Menuhin; this consumate European
    violinist and gentle human being, not only provided the world with
    decades of wonderful music, but had selflessly given countless hours of
    his spare time to perform at fundraising benefits for the preservation
    and restoration of those most audacious of structures - the Gothic
    cathedrals. It is no exaggeration to state that without the selfless
    efforts of this fine humanitarian, many of our Gothic edifices would, in
    all probability, be in ruins today.

    NOTES & REFERENCES

    1.It was forbidden for scrolls containing sacred passages to be
    discarded. Instead, one end of each scroll had to be either slashed with
    a knife or passed through a flame, prior to insertion in a clay jar. The
    jars were then assigned to a geniza - a sacred garbage dump. Jews too
    poor to give offerings of animals or doves to the Temple, were permitted
    to provide offerings of dates. After the dates had been consumed by the
    priests, the date pits were deemed sacred and also had to be consigned
    to a geniza. Hence the presence of broken jars and date pits in Qumran
    cave four. Many of the scrolls were polemics against the Pharisees,
    which would account for their consignment to a geniza, after the
    Pharisees acquired control of the priesthood.

    The linen garments worn by the Essenes were impregnated with
    frankincense. This caused a layer of calcium carbonate to form on the
    bottom of pools used for laundry purposes. Although not present at
    Qumran, calcium carbonate deposits were discovered in pools at the Ain
    Feshka oasis, some three miles south of Qumran, together with ruined
    structures dating from the Herodian period. This would have been the
    obvious location for an Essene commune, due to a copious flow of spring
    water suitable for ritual bathing and the growing of crops, not at arid
    Qumran.

    2. Data sources for the book manuscript include ethnomusicology,
    mythology, astroarchaeology, present and former political assassins and
    disillusioned intelligence, military and Illuminati sources. Information
    was also provided by members of black-budget research organizations
    engaged in formal astral travel and remote viewing experiments.

    3. There are two Talmuds - the Babylonian and the Jerusalem. The
    Jerusalem Talmud is less extensive than the Babylonian version, and was
    compiled circa 400 AD. at academies in Ceasaria, Sepphoris and Tiberias.
    The Babylonian Talmud was written a century later in Babylon by priests
    displaying a penchant for pedophilia. They condoned the rape of young
    infant girls and the sodomizing of boys, in addition to approving
    monetary contributions to the Temple for: "Money given to a man by a
    harlot to associate with his dog." Sadly, as a result of a decree by
    Rabbi Hal Gaon, who died 1038 A.D., the Babylonian Talmud takes
    precedence over the Jerusalem version, wherever the two are in conflict.

    4. According to Sumerian clay texts, the Anannage descended Mount Hermon
    and established a habitat at Kharsag, prior to migrating to the
    Mesopotamian region.

    In all probability, they were technologically-advanced human survivors
    of the Noahic flood, not extraterrestrials. It should be noted that the
    Babylonians, who later adopted and modified the Sumerian language, had a
    penchant for deifying ancient human persons. Accordingly, the Anannage
    (referred to in the bible as Nephilim) were probably humans, not
    extraterrestrials.

    5 Genesis 24:1-10.

    6. Genesis 16:2.

    7. Genesis 30:3.

    8. Genesis 31:3.

    9. Genesis 24:1-10.

    10. Genesis l2:5.

    11. Genesis 23:1.

    12. Rainey, A, Biblical Archaeological Review, Vol. XVII, No.6, 1991.

    13. Finkelstein, A, & Ease, D, Ibid., September, 1988.

    14. Numbers 3l:8.

    15. Judges 8:24.

    16. Exodus 2:17 and Genesis 37:28-36, respectively.

    17. Genesis 25: 2-6.

    18. 1 Chronicles 4:12-14.

    19. Samuel 1:27.

    20. Exodus 27:1.

    21. Volcanic ash from the Thera eruption has been discovered in the
    Negev hill-country.

    22. According to the Harris Papyrus, two percent of the Egyptian
    population became temple slaves, but at a date later than that of the
    purported Exodus period.

    23. Hypolyte, C, The Dionysia Articifers, London, 1820.

    24. St. Bernard of Clairvaux was the financial driving force behind the
    creation of the Templars. Bernard had a lifelong fascination with the
    Black Madonna cult created by the corrupt Babylonian priesthood. in
    deification of Queen Semiramis. The personal icon of the present Pope is
    the Black Madonna.

    25. We must not make the mistake of assuming that the Mosaic Covenant,
    with its inherent ethos of racial purity, resulted in major strife
    solely between the Jews and adversary nations, for two other societal
    groups of the present era have embroiled themselves in political turmoil
    and bloodshed in consequence of establishing cultural identities based
    upon a mythical covenant with God: the Boers of South Africa, and the
    Protestant populace of Northern Ireland.

    So strong was the belief of the Boors that they were specifically
    selected by God to form a nation which excluded non-covenantal people
    (black Africans) that they named their holiest day, the "Day of the
    Covenant."

    In the 16th. century, Scottish Presbyterians composed a religious
    covenant based upon its Mosaic predecessor; in 1912, the majority of the
    male population of Northern Ireland - Protestants of Scottish descent,
    signed a revised version of the Presbyterian covenant entitled "Ulster's
    Solemn League and Covenant", which proved to be the catalyst for the
    creation of the Northern Ireland government.

    Even though the nations of Israel, South Africa and Northern Ireland
    claim to have democratic forms of government, non-covenantal minorities
    will never experience equal rights within the confines of their
    respective national borders, until the insidious covenantal mindset is
    eradicated.

    What we have are three contemporary nations, who, in their relatively
    brief existence, have incurred much needless bloodshed through their
    having adopted cultural identities derived from the fraudulent Mosaic
    Covenant, with its markedly racist and supremacist overtones.

    Tragically, as we have observed, the Old Testament covenants were dearly
    false dogmas, which were composed and promulgated by the corrupt
    Levitical priesthood in order to benefit their self-aggrandizement.

    Attempting to change the mindset of covenantal societies by means of
    applied external pressures is ineffective, since they believe that it is
    their divine task to protect their religious ideologies from the
    profane. Accordingly, external pressures merely serve to reinforce the
    group solidarity of covenantal peoples. Oddly enough, Jewish interest in
    the covenant of their ancestors had waned dramatically by the 19th
    century of the present era, despite the urgings of Napoleon in 1799 for
    the Jews to return to their biblical homeland. Even though a few
    Sephardic Jews settled in Palestine during the 18th century, the
    majority of European Jews, being of Khazar ancestry, remained
    disinterested in acquiring sovereignty over Palestine despite the
    creation of the World Zionist Organization by British asset Theodor
    Hertzl in 1897.

    One would imagine that the founder of a Jewish Nationalist organization
    would be well-versed in Jewish religious tradition, and zealous for the
    establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, yet this was not the
    case. Amazingly, this atheistic Viennese dilettante, who contracted a
    social disease and displayed a pederastic propensity toward
    pre-pubescent girls, had little knowledge of Judaism, and was unable to
    speak Hebrew or Yiddish.

    Despite Hertzl's lack of influence among the Jewish intelligencia, his
    appeal for the creation of a Jewish state located in a sparsely
    populated region of the world attracted the attention of the
    poorly-educated Ashkenazi Jews of Eastern Europe, who were experiencing
    a wave of anti-Semitism, and in consequence, were becoming increasingly
    dispossessed.

    Various locations for the homeland were considered, the principal ones
    being Uganda and Argentina, not Palestine. At the sixth Zionist
    Congress, Hertzl and a majority of delegates voted in favor of Uganda
    becoming the preferred Jewish homeland. This idea was soon abandoned
    when it was discovered that the choicest Ugandan farmland was already
    occupied by British settlers.

    The eventual impetus for the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine
    came in World War I, not from Orthodox Jews, who regarded Zionism as
    heresy and were content to remain in their present domicile and
    patiently await the return of their Messiah, but from two British
    groups: the Protestants, who believed that a Jewish colonization of
    Palestine would expedite Armageddon and hence accelerate the return of
    Christ (it is interesting to conjecture the outcome if both Messiahs
    arrived simultaneously) and the Circle of Initiates. The Circle of
    Initiates was an Illuminati geopolitical think-tank founded by Cecil
    Rhodes.

    26. Thompson, G., American Discovery Our Multi-Cultural Heritage, Misty
    Isles Press, 1994.

    27. Fell, B, America B.C., Simon & Schuster, New York, N.Y., 1993.

    28. Ancient American, Sept./ Oct. 1993.

    29. Chaitkin, A, Executive Intelligence Review, August, 1999

    30. Richmond Times Dispatch, February 1st, 1997.