Fifteen

 

National Defence College

 

The National Defence College course was organised as an annual curriculum, beginning in early September and terminating in mid-July, with graduation certificates presented by the governor general. It was a magnificent course, with the student body consisting of promising military, government and civilian leaders. The course was much sought after as a great sabbatical from the incessant daily pressures. The venue, a grand old structure at the military base in Kingston, had history and charm to provide the appropriate setting.

Terry and I had decided that it was best for her and the children to stay put in our Ottawa home as we had no idea what would be in store a year later. The children were happy enough with their high school, therefore it would also not be fair to disturb them. I found an apartment that I shared with another NDC course member, a civil servant who I met while he was the executive assistant to the deputy minister, who, by the way, was neither civil nor much of a servant.

The attendees of Course XXXII consisted of 14 senior military officers, one RCMP superintendent, 15 federal and provincial government senior public servants, four representatives from the United States(one each from the army, navy and air force and the fourth from the Defence Information Agency), a British army brigadier, a British naval captain, a British Foreign Service member, an Australian air commodore, a CIBC executive, a member of the Calgary Mannix family and a Roman Catholic priest. We were an interesting mix, each of us in our prime and moving up the ladder of organisational success.

The purpose of the course was to instil a sense of the global linkage of all major decisions and events. It was an encouragement to visualise the big picture from a Canadian perspective.  We sat in comfortable chairs in the lecture hall, commonly called “the master bedroom”, and were treated to presentations by top-level national and other speakers on a broad variety of subjects. And the really good part? No assignments to work on at home. Well, not quite. We did have to put together one major paper, but we had all year to do it.

Our course senior, Brigadier General Walter Dabros, was appointed into that position by the commandant. Actually he was the second choice as the initial appointee was promoted within a few days of course commencement and recalled to Ottawa. Walt will scold me for revealing this, as he never considered himself the second choice for anything. It was first or don’t bother! Anyhow, this chief military meathead, who could curdle asphalt with his language yes that bad was a great course senior, rather unorthodox in some ways but predictable and consistent in things that mattered. Occasionally, I sensed the attitude from some of the civilians that they “followed him out of sheer curiosity” and were otherwise uncertain as to how much sugar coating was required. Ultimately, they understood that some allowances had to be made.

There were other characters on the course, more than I wish to dissect, but I will mention that we had our resident “might is right” proponent, or maybe two or three, a committed separatist from Quebec, a number of unabashed party animals, a navy captain who was itching to straighten out the headquarters, gourmands anticipating the international offerings, and then the rest of us.

The initial few weeks felt strange. I had been programmed for years to react, to do, to use every minute effectively. Time was at a premium and none can be wasted. Overnight, the situation changed and I could lounge in a comfortable chair listening to really good information, well presented, and I did not even have to take notes! I thought I had died and gone to heaven! Anyhow, we were encouraged to ask an occasional question to give the speaker, and the staff, the impression that we were interested. And it was hard not to be interested as the majority of the speakers were good. When we had a dud, and some did bomb, the lack of questions would be the most telling critique.

On one such occasion, it even created hard feelings within the course. Each of us was responsible for hosting a speaker on a rotating basis, which included the introduction before the presentation. We then relied on our peers to pepper the speaker with questions during the question period. On this occasion, the after-lunch speaker, bad time to begin with, really stunk. At the completion of the presentation, the host kicked off the questions with one of his own, and that was it. No more questions! Nobody would get up to help save the day. Eventually, a staff member thanked the speaker and the session ended. However, the host let us all know in no uncertain terms that we could all rot before he would support us during our turn. We were embarrassed for him, yet he was dogged in his determination and stayed glued to his soft chair for a number of months before relenting and joining in the question sessions. Mind you, some members did not ask a single question all year, even without provocation.

Part of the course time was also spent in syndicate discussions and these, too, were interesting as the breadth of backgrounds and views created great sessions. We would take an assigned subject related to the series of speakers for that week, and spend a few hours hammering out some consensus before presenting our views to the full class. Because the subject material was also interesting, the presentations invariably drew out many additional questions and viewpoints. Having attended a number of military courses, this one was heads and shoulders above in every respect. And the best was yet to come.

The total length of the course was 42 weeks, 19 of which was spent on trips ranging from tours in Canada including a northern swing, to extensive coverage of the United States, to a fabulous three weeks in Central and South America, to an exotic four weeks circling of the globe from Korea to Pakistan to Israel, to the grand finale - a five-week criss-crossing of Europe. An air force 707 was at our disposal for the international flights and for some of the continental visits. Otherwise, we travelled aboard a C-130 Hercules, which was more readily available and quite acceptable. Whatever the mode of travel, certain commodities were constant. An honour-system bar was always available from “wheels up” to “seat belts on for landing”. On the 707, we had first-class seating and, having arranged with the cabin crew to subsidize the meals, we ate like, well, first-class passengers. Shrimp cocktails and grilled steaks were the norm and with a pre-dinner drink and a few glasses of good wine, the food settled well and the airborne hours flew by. The bridge tables were busy, many books were read and hours of lost sleep relocated. The “underway replenishment officer” did a commendable job of stocking supplies and, being a steady customer, was able to keep a good eye on preferences and quantities. It was a labour of love.

In Canada, we visited every major military headquarters plus numerous big business plants, mines and paper mills. While in Calgary, Fred Mannix, our course multi-everything, arranged an additional western event, a ranch visit and a western barbeque.

Numerous humorous events occurred during the tours and these were recorded by the course recorders. One of the wives who accompanied the western swing will always be remembered for her naivety as it related to cattle. As we bussed by a corral, a steer mounted a cow; probably faintly recalling that this would have been one of life’s pleasures had the veterinarian not gotten to it first. Anyhow, our naïve wife inquired as to the purpose of the animal’s action and was told by one of the wags that being short, the steer was trying get height to see over the fence and determine who had come to visit. She accepted the answer as plausible and was puzzled that it caused prolonged gales of laughter.

A set number of wives were permitted to accompany each tour and they added much needed grace and charm with their presence, but were not immune to being made the object of practical jokes if circumstances warranted, or if they put their foot in it. On the other hand, many were also able to shell it out as well and were therefore accepted on equal terms, most of the time.

Names had been drawn, representing those wives who wanted to join the travel schedule. Terry lost out, being drawn as a backup, but backup for the exotic global trip. Well, lo and behold, only one wife cancelled out all year and it turned out to be a cancellation for the exotic trip, therefore, Terry qualified. But first she had a major hurdle to overcome. She had been operated on in the fall and developed a severe internal infection that almost killed her. It was pretty tense for a while, with her primary surgeon proving to have been a bad choice, later sued by other patients for negligence. In the meantime, a second surgeon, a moonlighting military doctor, examined her and performed a rescue operation that pulled her through. She recovered quickly and worked hard to regain enough strength to get her doctor’s blessing to accompany the tour.

A standard feature on the tour stops was a hospitality room, sometimes referred to as the “hostility room”, in which the members gathered to have a drink and chat or argue or plan events. Much humour came out of those and many hours of sleep were lost by those who were regulars. I was not, but did enjoy the camaraderie and occasionally found myself behind the power curve the following morning. Thank goodness it was usually a matter of hanging on until lunch, during which a little hair of the dog provided a temporary cure. The trick was not to overdo the hair or, even worse, not to eat the whole dog at lunch or later, before dinner.

The overall preparation for the round-the-world flight included a last-minute change in the agenda. We would not be going to Iran, as the revolution to get rid of the Shah was getting out of control and the Islamic fundamentalists were gaining. Instead, we would now spend the extra days in Pakistan. As course members, we did not get to vote on this, External Affairs instead making the decision for us. At each of our official stops, we were met by senior government or military representatives and were given great tours and excellent presentations. As well, the accommodation were first class, the receptions interesting, and the food always exotic and frequently superb.

Briefings were presented or hosted by very senior government officials, crown princes, or ministers of the crown, including deputy prime ministers. The information was usually well-presented and questions answered very directly. We had field trips with good tour guides to every imaginable business, military and public feature. Indeed, we developed a strict embussing and debussing routine and that aspect of our travels became a target of many good-natured jokes. We became as proficient at that as we were at “milling” around.

After an overnight in Hawaii, our first official stop was in South Korea. One of the field trips was to the border with North Korea, established at the cessation of the Korean conflict. Despite the tenseness of the visit, into a situation where the North Korean military are positioned behind the demilitarized zone along the current border, and where the roadways leading to the border are lined with tank traps, there was much comic relief. One example is that the border divides the table in the truce room and North Koreans man the offices and use the floor space on their side of the table while South Koreans and United Nations troops use the other side. They have been at it now for almost fifty years without progress. It is bizarre!

The most memorable South Korean events were the shopping excursions in Seoul. At the time, before the Olympics introduced the world to South Korean’s entrepreneurial capacities, Seoul had street upon street lined with tiny shops, filled with inexpensive, but good, electronic treasures, plus knock-offs of top brand clothing, leather goods and watches. Each little shop was heated by a charcoal burner that spewed evil-smelling smoke and carbon monoxide into the air. There were occasional deaths reported, but the constant flow of customers brought in enough fresh air from the very cold January outdoors to keep the staff alive. Woe unto those whose businesses were slow; they were at risk of succumbing to the toxic fumes!

We were like kids in a candy shop, buying up wonderful electronic gadgets, bolts of beautiful silk cloth, baggage, leatherwear, name-brand jogging shoes at bargain-basement prices, and jewellery and watches. Anyhow, the aircraft crew gagged when the booty was delivered to the aircraft, but would have had an even bigger logistics problem if the course members had known that the best bargains of the tour were in Seoul. We lamented that fact for the rest of the trip as we visited market after market in places such as Hong Kong, Bangkok and Amman and discovered the bargains we had left behind. Why did someone not warn us?

After the markets of Seoul came the bustle of Hong Kong. First, the official receptions and briefings. The British officials at Hong Kong briefed us, then hosted a wonderful reception and lunch. Gin and tonic flowed, followed by curried and Chinese dishes. The refreshments were exceptional and the hosts attentive. We spent several days touring the various points of interest, including the border points with China where huge numbers of potential Chinese refugees were constantly testing the effectiveness of the security. We also spent an afternoon on a large Hilton boat viewing the shore line and the city while enjoying refreshments that did not quite last the duration of the cruise. The Hong Kong markets were also richly rewarded by our presence, with many pieces of jewellery and numerous watches being purchased. I think half the course members equipped themselves with Seiko digital watches, which they then had to spend hours learning to adjust and to utilize to full capability. I suspect that many watches found their way into the bottom drawer of the dresser after the novelty wore off or, perhaps, out of frustration with its complexity. One of the course members even made time for a side trip to Macau to test his skill at the gaming table.

Next was Bangkok, a city of a thousand delights. Our escort from the airport consisted of numerous police vehicles with lights flashing and sirens blaring, and we weaved our way through streets thick with old smoke-belching cars, numerous commercial vehicles of every description, buses filled with passengers, the overflow hanging on in the doorways, and numerous bicyclists weaving through the clogged streets. The sound of horns was a constant in the hum and the growl of traffic. In the humid heat of Bangkok, commuting in such conditions required the patience of Buddha, which may well be why the religion prevails. You read it here first.

The agenda at Bangkok allowed time for all the pleasures, shopping, eating and exploring. That is, whatever pleasures were not built into the official programme. We ate as a group in a wonderful Thai restaurant, visited a number of the world-renowned temples, and were received at a lavish reception hosted by the Thai officials. Shopping in the fabulous jewellery stores was a special delight. Once inside, away from the din of the street, a drink was offered, tea or something stronger, and the trays of stones and jewellery brought out. Time was not important and if stones were your thing, you may have to stay for weeks to sort through them all. Bangkok deserved more time, primarily to satisfy the senses rather than for any official reasons.

To break from the pleasures of Bangkok, we flew to Korat in eastern Thailand and were bused to a refugee camp where thousands of war refugees were living, having escaped from the ongoing war in Vietnam. We were taken into the camp with escort, briefed on the extent of the problem and permitted to intermingle with residents. I had a Polaroid camera which developed instant prints, and took a photo of some of the little children crowding around. Their eyes got rounder and rounder as they watched the image develop before them and they squealed with excitement and giggled when their individual face was pointed out. I snapped photo after photo, giving them to randomly selected children. It was a heart-warming episode, lightening the monotony of their hopeless existence. Equally, it gave me a feeling of at least sharing something with them for that short while. When we left the camp, it was difficult to wipe their faces from memory and go on to the next episode of the tour.

Returning to Bangkok, we spent additional time immersed in the Thai culture by being taken on a river cruise in small boats, making our way through the numerous produce-loaded boats selling their delicious-looking fruit, vegetables, nuts and crafts in the increasing heat of the tropical morning. As the travel days in the various exotic countries added up and as our needs for sustenance were fulfilled, a number of the members begin succumbing to various food-induced illnesses. Some of it may well have been from “bad ice”, but the levels of heat and the obvious lack of proper sanitary management of food products destined for our sensitive, sterile, digestive systems took its toll. Kaopectate became the drink of choice. However, nothing dampened our enthusiasm for the gentle and pleasant people of the country nor for their cultural and commercial offerings. We reluctantly reboarded our bus to return to the airport and to fly to Islamabad in Pakistan.

The flight to Pakistan was particularly long and the enthusiasm level sank to a low ebb. Perhaps it was the enforced stay of the extra few days that we were not looking forward to, but six days in Pakistan seemed like a long time when we could have used the extra time in Seoul or exploring fascinating Bangkok.

The hotel in Islamabad was barely passable and the organised tours tightly run by the military. One could sense the British heritage in the coolness and the clipped curtness, and our hosts certainly made an effort to project control. Outside the government showplaces, the rich enclaves and the multi-starred hotels, there was abject poverty. There were always many people about and they tended to rest in a squat position. We would frequently see a group of men or boys squatting in a small circle, excitedly discussing some subject or other. Also, as we walked along vacant lots or streets with shrubbery, bodies would bob up from a squatting to an upright position, a rather startling sight at first. Sometimes they bobbed right down again, giving the impression we were seeing things. Like, did you see that? What? It disappeared! You’re seeing things!

Anyway, after a six day-visit to Pakistan it is possible that you might hallucinate as it appears that any number of hallucinatory products was readily available, judging by the contented looking pipe smokers squatting around in circles. Well, I did not try it, let alone inhale. However, I had more than my fill of another local delicacy, water buffalo meat. It appears that water buffalo was the substitute for beef in Pakistan. Incidentally, any cut of meat ordered, whether steak or beef burger, was the same price. Neither the taste nor texture was particularly appealing. I never want to see water buffalo beef burger again, nor steak.

Whereas Islamabad was boring, one of the highlights of the entire course was a field trip to see the Khyber Pass, as guests of the Khyber Rifles. On the selected day, we were flown to Peshawar, gateway to the pass. As we boarded the waiting bus and were welcomed by the army tour guide, it was clear that the mood of the people was different from that in Islamabad. No bobbing heads here, all the men, and even the youths, had a rifle in hand and looked like they were not subservient to anyone. On our way out of town, the tour guide cautioned us not to take any photographs of women as we had now entered a region where tribal rule based on Islam prevailed, and Muslim laws do not allow photographing someone else’s woman. Cameras down, except for scenery and donkeys.

Entering the pass, the road started climbing and became a ribbon of gravel hugging the mountainside with constant hairpin turns. I had chosen the shotgun seat and, on many occasions, was out in space over a deep valley as the corner of the bus protruded out during a turn. It was an awesome trip, about two hours each way, with a member of the Khyber Rifles regiment standing on ceremonial guard every couple of miles. The mountain sides were magnificent in their austereness, barren except for patches of what looked to be inedible shrubs. There was some sign of life in the valley, but limited to flocks of sheep and goats. Throughout the region, it was difficult to visualise that this land could support anything more than the little that we saw. The arrival at the Afghanistan border was a pleasant relief from the bumping and the turning of that mountain road and we were happy to debus and, amongst other things, to relieve our jostled kidneys.

After an interval of time for the guide’s comments and for some photographs, the return trip began. Thankfully, there would be a second break shortly, a stop at the Khyber Rifles regiment officers’ mess for refreshments and lunch. It was a unique privilege to be given the opportunity to visit this historic location. Located about 30 minutes from the border, it is an isolated army base with the camp followers’ cluster of shops, homes and service establishments stretching along the road from the entrance for some two to three miles. Inside the camp was order and quiet and we were escorted directly to the officers mess for the lunch. The beer was wonderful, but the food was handled with care by most of us, relying on the familiar and safe-looking items on the table. The adventurous claimed they did try the sheep’s eyeballs, softly sautéed in steaming goats’ milk, I suppose. After an hour of small talk and sustenance, we continued our bus ride to Peshawar and on to Islamabad.

We spent the remaining days in Pakistan days, touring every conceivable facility, including an experimental farm surrounded by the abject poverty of the region When we bade Pakistan farewell, we did so without remorse, but with very vivid memories of the magnificent trip through the haunting and historic Khyber Pass.

I looked forward to the visit to Israel, a six-day stay in this historic and tortured land. Our headquarters would be Tel Aviv, but we would be in buses for a good part of the time. The day after our arrival, we were given a terrific tour of much of northern Israel, beginning with a visit to the Sea of Galilee, then up-country to the Golan Heights, a drive parallel to the ‘good fence” with Lebanon and a stop in Nazareth on the drive back to Tel Aviv. It turned into a long day, but with exceptional guides whose briefings made the history come to life and who knew all the facts and had all the answers. During the drive through the Golan, we picked up an extra guide, an army tank officer who had served with great distinction and who had lost a leg during the 1973 battle with Syria for the Golan Heights. His briefing was superb and we came away from the area with a better understanding of the problems underlying the unrest.

The stop in Nazareth was in response to a strong plea from the course members, one readily acceded to by the driver and guides. It was a moving experience to visit the town where Jesus lived, and to walk the streets and look at the surrounding scenery and contemplate His presence two millenia ago. We had arrived in the early twilight and left town after dark, as the lights came on and the townspeople were going about their evening routine. The field trip was memorable in itself; the icing was the evening stop in Nazareth.

Other trips included Jerusalem and Bethlehem, and Terry and I did not miss any of them. At the end of the visit, as our aircraft carried us to Cyprus for an overnight stop, I felt fortunate to have been given this unique opportunity to see the Holy Land and to hear the Israeli guides provide us with a commentary that included linkages to the Old Testament, the New Testament, their religious dogma and Christian dogma. It was another highlight of the course.

Jordan was next and was certainly different. The reception was warm, but rather disorganised. In fact, King Hussein was scheduled to welcome us, but was called elsewhere at the last minute and the Crown Prince hosted the welcoming ceremonies instead. Several other scheduled events went down the same path with changes occurring at the last minute. The travelling ladies missed out on Petra, visiting the Dead Sea instead while the course members and accompanying staff toured the Roman ruins in Jerash. These were a marvel to behold, with theatres, a forum and numerous other major buildings having been unearthed.

An unusual feature, from our perspective, was a dinner served in our honour without alcohol. This constituted cultural shock for some of my peers, a shock from which they could not be revived until their return to the hotel and the hospitality room. It almost necessitated pumping their stomach clear of the food and fruit juice replacing the contents with some decent alcohol to re-establish the crucial base.

Amman was the last stop on the global trip and we were beginning to anticipate our return to Canada, to see the children and get out of our suitcases. We flew back via Shannon, Ireland, for a fuel stop, and on landing the crew could proudly proclaim a 30-day, 66-flying hour mission without a single delay or mishap. Hurray for the light blue!

Returning in mid-February to Ottawa, where my single brother had ridden herd on the children for the month, it was comforting to find everything ticking over nicely. But time was moving quickly and we were frequently reminded of that by our commandant, whose most annoying saying was, “time is our enemy”. We heard that one a million times, give or take once or twice. Anyhow, in no time we were back in the embussing/debussing routine, taking in the military highlights of the USA. Our American course members were not so subtly encouraged by the rest of us to explain any evasion in the briefings. They also took initiatives to pre-empt any enroute glitches, thus minimize eager barbs.

The visits to NORAD, Strategic Air Command, NASA, Fort Bragg for the airborne and infantry exercise, and lastly, to the headquarters of the Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic were worthwhile with the commanders available for the respective question periods. This was as important as the briefing itself as questions from the course members tended to focus on aspects that briefers may be programmed to avoid. The commanders were sometimes hard-pressed to phrase the responses, but seldom withheld information by pleading security considerations.

A few weeks after the USA tour, we were back on the road, this time to Mexico, and countries in Central and South America. Certain aspects of the visits were becoming quite routine or to use a harsher synonym, boring. In particular, the briefing from the Canadian embassy staff frequently focused on their contribution and problems and less on the purpose for the visit, an appreciation of that country’s political and economic interaction with Canada. Secondly, there were always second-grade filler tours whenever primary requests were not feasible. However, most of us worked up a mental appetite for the countries on the agenda and rode with the punches on the sleep-inducing aspects.

The swing through Mexico, Panama and Brazil provided some highlights. The first was a field visit to the Miraflores Locks and a series of briefings by the military governor of the canal zone. The locks are a marvel of engineering and a busy chokepoint in the marine flow between the Atlantic and Pacific. Their significance from a commercial and a military perspective was obvious and warranted the continued attention to the canal’s security, availability and capacity.

We spent seven days in Brazil, beginning in Brasilia and going progressively south to Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, with a stop in Salvador on the return flight north. Brasilia has a grand countenance, with wide streets, expansive buildings and a definite bureaucratic overtone. Being the capital, all the embassies must be here, whereas the main cultural and business centres are Rio and Sao Paulo. I harbour a suspicion that the majority of embassy staffs would quickly move to Rio, given the nod. Why? That’s where the action is, certainly not in Brasilia. We were much more enthusiastic on final approach to Rio than to Brasilia.

Rio has flair and character and the various field visits gave us a good opportunity to take in the tourist sights: the Sugar Loaf Mountain, the statue of Christ the Redeemer and the beaches. Sao Paulo, on the other hand, has muscle and guts, a huge manufacturing powerhouse. The briefers in the respective cities stressed the strong points and reinforced the conventional impressions.

Returning to Kingston we began to sense that our year was winding down. Another month in residence then a final tour, four weeks in Europe, and our sabbatical was over. We spent the first part of the month in Kingston reviewing international military positions, and western strategies and requirements. This led to our next focus, the division of postwar Europe and our upcoming visit to countries on both sides of the ideological divide.

We began our European tour by flying to our airport at Lahr, the airport I had managed from 1972 to 1973. The commander of our NATO forces in Europe briefed the course members, hosted a welcoming reception and sent us on to Bonn. We were well-briefed and well-feted by the German government and the Canadian embassy staff before departing for Berlin, one of the highlights of the tour. Our visit to Berlin included a bus tour of East Berlin. All were mesmerized by the starkness of the street scenes; the few vehicles, the dilapidated buildings, the paucity of flowers for roadside colour, and the uncut grass in the parks. Most of us were well read and had seen many photographs of East Berlin under communism, but it was the eerie atmosphere of watchful emptiness that was so apparent when experienced first hand.

This uncomfortable reality also was apparent during a boat tour of the Havel River, which bordered East Germany. On the western side, the water was alive with boats and waterfront activity, whereas beyond the line in the water, a grim-looking police vessel patrolled up and down the border. There were no other powerboats in sight and very little other activity, with only a few small boats near the shore. I found out later, during my tour in Czechoslovakia, that normal citizens in communist dominated countries were not permitted to own motorized boats as these used petrol and polluted the environment.

The reality, of course, was different. Motor boats could be used to make a run to freedom, and as for pollution, the many plants and factories that I observed as part of my duties, spewed everything into the air, killing the surrounding vegetation and creating the kind of moonscapes with which we were familiar around Sudbury. Only on a much more massive scale.

West Berlin, on the other hand, was all colour and bustle and commerce and smells, with the wide streets filled with BMWs, Mercedes and Opels. The Germans were loud and confident and aggressive, proud of the progress they had made since the last war and ready to expand their brand of lifestyle into East Germany, given any chance. Everywhere, prosperity was in your face.

The next agenda stop was NATO headquarters in Brussels, where nothing unexpected happened and the expected was irrelevant: a series of packaged briefings on NATO matters by a series of bureaucrats, both in and out of uniform. We were eating well, so we put up with this interruption to enjoyment of life. The walls of our “hostility room” likely resonated with the caustic assessments of various members. Our venerable course senior, the Polish boy, likely peeled the wallpaper with his critique.

Spain was next and elicited some enthusiasm from an increasingly satiated body of travellers. I welcomed the opportunity to see Spain for the first time and, having read James Michener’s Iberia, expected more than I got. Certainly, Madrid was a disappointment, and the five days in Spain seemed to drag. Perhaps my scheduled posting, as the Canadian Forces Attaché in communist Czechoslovakia, was affecting my priorities and I was subconsciously focusing on the next two countries, Hungary and Romania, both communist, to assess what I was getting myself into.

The common perception of Hungarians as a proud and enterprising people boded well for the next stop on our schedule. Our respect for the national spirit of the Hungarians, a result of their heroic resistance against the Soviets in 1956, gave added purpose to this visit. I looked forward to my first contact with communism, the immoral system that gave birth to the human brutes that desecrated my ancestral homeland, butchering and starving millions as they forced Ukraine and other conquered nations into submission. Nothing was too cruel or too inhuman for their godless system to have in its unholy torture cabinet.

By its resistance, Hungary had gained stature throughout the world, and begrudging respect from the Soviets. A deal was struck. Hungary was allowed certain economic and internal freedoms, as long as it towed the line on maintaining socialism and remaining partnered with the Soviet Union. This uneasy truce would be maintained until the Soviet bubble burst ten years after our visit.

Budapest is divided by the blue Danube River and, whereas the Pest side is spread over a floodplain and includes most of the shops and commerce as well as the government buildings, the Buda side is hilly with a panoramic view of the river and of Pest. On arrival, we were eventually bused to our hotel, a beautiful western Hilton on the Buda side on Castle Hill. The hotel had many fine features, including a beautiful park, proximity to the river and good restaurants. The view across the Danube, straddled by numerous beautiful bridges, was magnificent.

Hungarians were talkative and, informally, prepared to be critical of aspects of their lives. An example occurred during a trip to a co-operative farm where a number of men were noticed wielding sickles in the grasses alongside the road. Having been told over and over again by the official briefers that there is full employment under socialism in Hungary, the guide in the bus turned to me and winking, admitted that we had just seen a tiny bit of their hidden unemployment. I thought his brash honesty funny and chuckled, and he freely joined in and then came out with additional items of information that did not exactly follow the state script. It was a refreshing change from the serious presentations of the party briefers and exemplified the conventional perspective of the Hungarian spirit.

The Hungarian hospitality lived up to its legendary standard and the gypsy entertainment was equally good. We ate goulash and drank “Bull’s Blood” wine, a good, robust, burgundy-style local offering. We also tested bottles of Tokaj, the wonderful Hungarian dessert wine. American dollars were a prized currency and eagerly, albeit illegally, sought by leather-jacketed currency traders on every street corner. We, of course, were cautioned to steer clear. When we finally departed Budapest, it was with a heartfelt hope that their spirit would prevail and that they would soon be given another chance to control their own destiny.

Our next stop was Romania, the other country that we would visit within the Soviet bloc, except that the noose was much tighter in Romania. On arrival in Bucharest, we were met by much more security activity than in Budapest, with the leather jackets as thick as the uniformed guards and police. They were everywhere, watching everything, including each other. Particularly each other.

The city was bleaker, shoddier and obviously poorer. Residents never looked you in the eye, and if they did, you had to know that they were members of one or another of the security forces. Normal citizens looked worn out, hurrying by with downcast eyes and lowered heads. Their clothes were pitiful, with few exceptions. Everyone carried a satchel or a handbag of some sort, to carry that little treasure away whenever something was located in one of the miserable, threadbare shops. It must have been an unimaginably barren and hopeless existence.

The highlight of our stay in this pathetic, brutishly controlled country was the visit to Dracula’s stomping grounds, including his fabled castle. We bused to Brasov in Transylvania and visited Bran’s castle the following day. The bus trip permitted us to see the attractive countryside and the rundown villages. The rural folk who inhabited these villages at least did not risk starvation every winter, as their backyards were dedicated to gardens, ensuring some home-grown food.

With regard to Dracula’s castle, whatever mystery was associated with the story did not project effectively and needed the Disney touch to come alive. I slept fearlessly with a window open.

France was the last stop, a dose of culture and good food to take off the edge of the individual hopelessness and subconscious guilt felt after emotionally experiencing the BIG LIE of communism. We were subjected to a well-organised series of briefings and field trips. I particularly enjoyed the visit to the Avions Marcel Dassault-Breguet factory in Toulouse, where the Falcon executive jet was manufactured. Having flown that fine aircraft when I commanded 412 Squadron, I had a special interest in the plant.

A few days later, with time taken for an army-run program in Lahr, we were back in Canada and on the last leg of the course. The next month was filled with summing up the year’s lessons, looking at some of the nagging problems facing Canada, reviewing the individual members’ course papers and holding course-ending social events.. Of these, we had a huge number, official and unofficial, including golf tournaments and mess dinners. At one of these, the graduation certificates were presented to each member by the governor general of the day, Ed Schreyer, who definitely looked uncomfortable and out of place in a military setting.

We would shortly go our different ways, back to familiar offices or into entirely new jobs. We would miss the master bedroom, the hospitality suite, the opportunity to exchange views and debate issues, and, in particular, the camaraderie. Our fearless leader, Walter Dabros, had not only organised us to embus and debus properly, but had also been largely instrumental in giving the course a unique sense of unity. The best proof is that we continue to hold reunions and to maintain connectors between the course members and some of the staff.

As the commandant said in his farewell address, “Course XXXIII is not only the most dynamic, energetic and intelligent course but the most thoughtful, considerate and friendly course to pass through NDC”. The first part of that sentence was a repeat of a phrase he frequently used, tongue in cheek, including at the course opening address, whereas the last part was a heartfelt assessment uttered only once.

It was a good year.

 

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