A new model of the
photon:
Little has been done to explain these inconsistencies ,
they have been side-lined by phenomena which required more immediate attention.
Yet if the time is taken to address them , an inevitable conclusion would be
that it is the photon that is the agent of electrical conduction. Every ,
possible criteria and even the conclusions of quantum mechanics itself point in this direction. Disregarding for
the moment the Pauli exclusion principle and its conclusions , which will be
discussed later ,every observable fact leads to the conclusion that
electrical energy is carried by photons. This makes sense because we
know that photons are essentially
carriers of energy. Practically every type of energy transfer such as heat ,
electromagnetic radiation such as found in micro-waves and infra-red , light
etc., are all mediated by photons. The
primary reason that photons have been rejected as carriers of electrical energy
is because they are electrically neutral , if it is photons that carry
electrical energy , physicists argue ,
what would account for the electromagnetic field ? The solution to this might lie in the fact that photons not only carry electrical
energy but that they also make up the
electromagnetic field.
In order to understand how this might take place we need a model of the photon structure. Banishing for the moment all extraneous observations and conclusions and concentrating solely on the photon and its observed properties and using common sense deductions to build the photon model offers a solution. Given that photons are emitted by electrons and that electrons are charged particles , it follows that what the electron maybe emitting is electrical energy . Let us suppose then that this electrical energy is emitted by the electrons in short bursts or pulses creating bands of electrical energy , which are separated by a di-electric. Let us suppose also that the bands of energy released first are more highly charged than the bands of electrical energy which are released subsequently resulting in a positive –negative polarity. What results is a capacitor like structure , as we have seen , a structure like this results in a solenoidal electromagnetic field being formed around it . See Fig 1.
(Fig. 1) Model of the Photon.
Therefore if this model is taken to its ultimate
conclusion it must be assumed that the photon is the most fundamental manifestation of electromagnetism. It is immaterial for the moment whether the
electromagnetic “field” surrounding the photon is the result of yet smaller particles flowing through and
around the photon or whether it is merely a re-distribution of the electrical
energy of the photon in a localised manner which gives rise to electromagnetic
phenomenon , what is material to the discussion is that such a physical
structure of the photon would fulfil all the known properties of photons. For
instance , the capacitor or condensor was first used as a device for storing of electric charge ,
therefore the photon structure suggested would explain one of the central
properties of the photon , namely its ability to retain its energy or identity
unchanged over unimaginable distances .
The suggested photon structure would be electrically neutral. The suggested
structure would also have no mass and would possess the properties of both a
particle and a wave. If a charged condenser is connected to a line of uncharged
condensers and the whole system is earthed ,
the energy would travel along the line of condensors with the speed of
light and deliver all its energy at the culminating point , the photon delivers
its energy in a similar way. The most important aspect of such a photon
structure is that it would allow photons to connect with other photons , in much the same way that solenoidal
magnetic fields can interlink and that
this linkage can take place in two orientations , either in parallel (Fig 2.)
Photons
in parallel
Fig 2.
or in series (Fig 3. )
Photons
in series
Fig 3.
To take the matter a little further , it is the present
understanding that photons have wave lengths from as small as 10 -12 m.
for gamma rays to as long as 5 x 10 5 m. resulting from AC
current used in power transmissions
. Now it is manifest , that an electron having dimensions of 10 -12 m or less cannot , under any circumstances, emit waves 500,000 metres in length. Many
explanations have been given for this , none of which seems to make sense. The introduction of virtual interactions has resulted in gauge
theories which have become increasingly complicated and abstruse , in order to
explain and justify this phenomenon.
A common sense
approach to this problem would be to limit the size of photons
that electrons can emit. The upper limit of such a size would seem to lie just
at the border of the low infra-red at about 8 x 10 -7
m . I have termed these photons as “conduction “ photons , since
they are the photons that conduct electrical energy. The physical structure of
the photon outlined and illustrated above would allow photons to link together
, either in parallel or in series. This
would explain all electrical , electromagnetic and magnetic phenomenon as we at
present understand them. It should be noted that a wavelength of 8 x 10 -7 m is
perfectly acceptable for the wavelength of the conduction photon. Infra red
light, at only 50nm less than this wavelength, at 7 .5 x 10-7m
propagates from electron to electron in a solid such as glass or
quartz.