General
         Thailand, formerly Siam, officially Kingdom of Thailand, constitutional monarchy in South East Asia, bordered by Myanmar (Burma) to the north and west, by Laos to the north-east, by Cambodia and the Gulf of Thailand (Siam) to the south-east, by Malaysia to the south, and by the Andaman Sea to the south-west. The total area of Thailand is 513,115 sq km (198,114 sq mi). The capital and largest city is Bangkok.

Climate
        Thailand has a moisture, tropical climate, influenced chiefly by local winds that vary in direction according to the season. From Febuary to November the monsoon winds are mainly from the south-west and are moisture laden, temperatures are higher, ranging from 25.6° to 36.7° C (78° to 98° F). During December to January dry and cool  wind blow from the north-east, the best time of the year, the range is from 13.3° to 33.3° C (56° to 92° F), Annual rainfall is about 1,525 mm (60 in)  raining season start from May to October.

Population
        The inhabitants of Thailand are primarily Thai, a people who are thought to have originated in Indo China (Mix with Indian and Chinese)
Thailand has a population about 60 million (1994), yielding an overall population density of about 115 people per sq km (298 per sq mi). The greatest concentration of people in Bangkok and central region.

Political Divisions
        Thailand is divided into 76 provinces(2002), called Changwads. The provinces are further subdivided into districts, called Amphurs, more than 6,600 communes, called Tambons, and more than 58,600 villages, known as Moobans.

Religion
        Buddhism is the prevailing religion of Thailand.  About 95 per cent of all Thais are Theravada Buddhists, and the country has approximately 18,000 Buddhist temples and 140,000 Buddhist priests. Nearly all Buddhist men in Thailand enter a wat (monastery) for at least a few days or 3 months to temporarily join the Buddhist priests.
Link: Buddhism
      Muslims, the majority of whom live in the area just north of Malaysia, constitute approximately 4 per cent of the population, and the country also has some small Christian and Hindu communities.

Language
       Thai, is the chief language originate from Buddhist language, Bali and Sansagrid. First record Thai letter on Sila Jaruk (solid stone), at Sukothai in 1438. Three regional dialects are in use. Northeastern rigion is Lao, Northern region is Lanna, Southern region is Yavee and Malay. English is taught as a second language in secondary schools and colleges.

Education
        Education in Thailand is free and compulsory for all children between the ages of 7 and 14. First public school were in Buddhist monasteries, to provide a primary education for all children. In 1994-1995 there were about 6 million primary school pupils and 4 million secondary school pupils. An additional 325,893 students were enrolled in higher educational institutions. Thailand has several universities, the largest of which include Chulalongkorn University (1917) and Thammasat University (1934) in Bangkok, and Chiang Mai University (1964) in the north. Other institutions include the Asian Institute of Technology (1959) in Bangkok.

Currency and Banking
        The monetary unit of Thailand is the baht of 100 satang (approximately 43 baht equal US$1; 1998). The Bank of Thailand, established in 1942, issues all currency. Thailand also has many commercial bank branches, as well as several foreign banks.

Transport
        The Thai railway system, is the most safety transportation which totals about 3,870 km (2,405 mi) of track (1994), is owned and operated by the state. Consisting of a network of lines radiating from Bangkok, the system extends as far north as Chiang Mai, southwards to the frontier of Malaysia, eastwards to Ubon, and north-eastwards through Nongkai to Vientiane in Laos. Another line extends westwards to Kanchanaburee crosses over the Bridge on the River Kwai.
        The Chao Phraya, navigable for about 80 km (50 mi) from its mouth, is an important inland waterway.
        The road system has been improved since the 1970s and now includes about 46,047 km (28,610 mi) of roads; Thailand has around 1.3 million cars or 1 per 15 people.
        Thai Airways operates both domestic and international services. The Airport of Bangkok, one of the most modern in South East Asia, also serves neighbouring landlocked Laos.

Health and Welfare
        The Department of Public Welfare is charged with disaster relief, child welfare, and protection of the disabled and destitute. Special programmes were initiated in the 1980s to assist the hill people of the north and the refugees from Vietnam and Cambodia in the east. Private healthcare supplements the state system. In 1996 life expectancy at birth was around 65 years for men and 73 years for women, with an infant mortality rate of 43 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1995. Thailand has some 13, 600 doctors (or 1 doctor per 4,260 people) and 90,740 hospital beds. In 1993 just under 5 per cent of Thailand's national budget was spent on health care (1993).

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