Ethics 2007
2007-11-7

Psychological Egoism
 This is the idea that whenever we do something, we are simply obeying our desires, and are thus always acting in accord to self-interest.  Thus, we can never act altruistically.
 The problem with this idea is that it is confusing inner thoughts/feelings with actions.  For example, if I spend my whole life doing community service and helping others, am I merely being selfish by following my urge to help people?  In such cases, actions speak louder than words – if I am doing things that are unselfish, it doesn’t matter what my motive is or what desire I’m satisfying.  Thus, it is possible for us to be unselfish, and thus be moral.

Morality
 As Wittgenstein specified in his work “Tractatus,” statements that claim “we should do x” as all as moral statements do are not truths – they just reflect our wishes about how we wish the world to be.  Statements of truth must take the form of  “p or not p”, not “should be p.”
 But if this is true, this brings up the question: why choose to be moral at all?  For one, if all people acted on their own desire, there would constant conflict, a considerable waste of time.  For an individual to gain maximum benefit, it is best to work together and minimize conflict as much as possible and necessary.  That way, we can deal with problems that affect all of humanity, such as environmental issues, develop technology to make our lives easier, develop medicine to cure diseases, etc.  It is in the best interest of every individual to work together with others.
 There are a number of ethical theories that many people suggest for us to follow, but the fact of the matter is that the law is the most effective means of maintaining morality among an indefinite number of people.
 Conclusion:
 It may be true that there is no point to be moral just to be moral, or to help people simply because it’s the right thing to do.  But that does not mean that we should not be moral – we should be moral because it creates the most benefit for the individual and humanity as a whole.  The best vehicle for making this possible is laws, which is best maintained by the government.  A government has the best chance of maximizing benefit for all and maintaining the maximum level of morality possible.
 

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