Psychological Egoism
This is the idea that whenever we do something, we are simply
obeying our desires, and are thus always acting in accord to self-interest.
Thus, we can never act altruistically.
The problem with this idea is that it is confusing inner thoughts/feelings
with actions. For example, if I spend my whole life doing community
service and helping others, am I merely being selfish by following my urge
to help people? In such cases, actions speak louder than words –
if I am doing things that are unselfish, it doesn’t matter what my motive
is or what desire I’m satisfying. Thus, it is possible for us to
be unselfish, and thus be moral.
Morality
As Wittgenstein specified in his work “Tractatus,” statements
that claim “we should do x” as all as moral statements do are not truths
– they just reflect our wishes about how we wish the world to be.
Statements of truth must take the form of “p or not p”, not “should
be p.”
But if this is true, this brings up the question: why choose
to be moral at all? For one, if all people acted on their own desire,
there would constant conflict, a considerable waste of time. For
an individual to gain maximum benefit, it is best to work together and
minimize conflict as much as possible and necessary. That way, we
can deal with problems that affect all of humanity, such as environmental
issues, develop technology to make our lives easier, develop medicine to
cure diseases, etc. It is in the best interest of every individual
to work together with others.
There are a number of ethical theories that many people suggest
for us to follow, but the fact of the matter is that the law is the most
effective means of maintaining morality among an indefinite number of people.
Conclusion:
It may be true that there is no point to be moral just to be
moral, or to help people simply because it’s the right thing to do.
But that does not mean that we should not be moral – we should be moral
because it creates the most benefit for the individual and humanity as
a whole. The best vehicle for making this possible is laws, which
is best maintained by the government. A government has the best chance
of maximizing benefit for all and maintaining the maximum level of morality
possible.