GKRb wkíx‡K wb‡q wjL‡Z †Kb G cªPvi weg~LZvi mvZKvnb? G mvZKvnb Ki‡Z nq G Kvi‡Y †h-G wkíxi bvg mwdDwÏb Avn‡g`| G †`‡ki wkí-wei“× wgwWqvi mvgvb¨ D‡`¨vM ev AvMÖn m¤ú‡©K wZwb hw` GKUz mnvqK n‡Zb, Z‡e G †`‡ki Pvi“Kjvi BwZnvm Ab¨iKg n‡Z cvi‡Zv|

1947 c~e© me©fviZxq wk‡íi cUf‚wg‡Z †hÕKRb wkíx wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z n‡qwQ‡jb Ges AvaywbK fviZxq (KjKvZv, †ev‡¤^, w`j­x, gv`ªvR--) wk‡íi D`&MvZv wn‡m‡e hv‡`i gvb¨ Kiv nq mwdDwÏb Avn‡g` †mB ¸wU KÕR‡bi GKRb| mwdDwÏb Avn‡g`B QvcwP·K G A‡j (me©fviZxq) ˆkíxK ghv©`vq cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| Gi c~‡e© ch©š— QvcwPÎ wQj Abywjwc wbgv©‡bi gva¨g| QvcwP‡Îi ˆkíxK ¸Yvejxi cÖ‡qvM I cÖKv‡ki ga¨w`‡q mwdDwÏb Avn‡g` G A‡ji wk‡íi AvaywbKvq‡b †h f‚wgKv iv‡Lb- Zv Av‡Rv we‡k­lY I ch©v‡jvPbv wenxb Ges cÖvq Abv‡jvwPZ|

dg© fvebvB AvaywbKZvi cÖavb ˆewkó¨ e‡U wKš‘ gva¨g ˆewP‡Îi mÜvbI mgvb fv‡e Av‡jvwPZ| Rqby‡ji  Kv‡jvKvjx, †gvUveªvm w`‡q k³ †ev‡W© AvuKv Ô`ywf¶Õ wPÎgvjv G A‡j wk‡íi AvaywbKvq‡b †h AwfNvZ wbg©vb K‡i mwdDwχbi ÔmvIZvj ciMYviÕ KvV †Lv`vB I ˆZj is wPÎ mg~n GKv‡WwgK wePv‡i GKB djvdj enb K‡i|

mwdDwÏb Avn‡g‡`i wP‡Îi welq I dg©:
wkíxi ¯^-‰ewkó¨ cÖR¡j _v‡K Zvui welq wbe©vPb I dg© fvebvi g‡a¨| mwdDwÏb Avn‡g‡`i e¨vw³ Pwi‡Îi †Kvgj I `„p-Aš—g‚LxbZvB Zvu‡K cÖK…wZ gywL K‡i †Zv‡j| wKš‘ Zvui GB cÖK…wZ wbf©iZv Rqby‡ji e¨vw³ ˆevk‡ói m‡½ †g‡jbv e‡j Rqby‡ji Qwe‡Z gvbylB g~L¨ n‡q I‡V, Zvui GB cÖK…wZ AbymwÜrmv mgvR ZvwoZ myjZv‡bi e¨vw³ ˆevk‡ói m‡½ †g‡jbv e‡j myjZv‡bi Qwe‡Z K…wl ev Drcv`b e¨ve¯’v wbqwš¿Z gvbylB cÖavb PwiÎ, †mLv‡b mwdDwχbi Qwe‡Z gvbyl cÖK…wZ‡Z Aš—jxb cÖK…wZiB Ask we‡kl n‡q hvq|

welq wbe©vPb I d‡g©i ‰ewkó¨ I Kvj wePv‡i mwdDwÏb Avn‡g‡`i Qwe‡K PviwU fv‡M fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

[K] 1947 c?e© mvIZvj ciMYv ce© t
weªwUk GKv‡WgxK ixwZ ev weªwUk Bg‡cÖkwb÷ ixwZi mwdDwÏbxq cÖ‡qv‡M Aw¼Z G me wP‡Î mvIZvj ciMYvi f‚-cªK…wZ I eªvZ¨ Rxeb D‡V G‡m‡Q| ZrKvjxb KjKvZv †K›`ªxK wkí PP©vq, †e½j ¯‹z‡ji cyivY Mv_vi wecix‡Z wKsev cÖwZK…wZ I GKv‡WgxK †ivgvw›UwmR‡gi (bwMœKv wPÎ ev BD‡ivcxq Av`‡j e½ jjbv A¼b) myweav ewÂZ f‚-cªK…wZ I eªvZ¨ Rxeb‡K Qwei welq KivB wQj GKwU wec­e Ges me© fviZxq wk‡íi AvaywbKvq‡bi c‡_ hvÎv ïi“|

[L] 47 cieZ©x-‡kKo wewQbœZv-AvZœvbymÜvb I weg?Z©Zvi m~Pbv : Rj gMœZvq gyw³i Av‡jv t
mwdDwχbi Rb¥ I †e‡o IVv fvi‡Zi KjKvZvq| ZrKvjxb cvwK¯—v‡b mwdDwÏb wQ‡jb Awfevmx| XvKvq mwdDwχbi cÖvq AbvÍxq cwigÊj I wew”QbœZv‡ev‡ai g‡a¨ emevm| (weg~Z© wk‡íi RbK K¨vbw`‡bw¯‹, g¨vjwfP, cj wK¬, gvK© i_‡Kv I R‡jwbw¯‹ cÖgyL wQ‡jb Rb¥¯’vb †_‡K wew”Qbœ I Ab¨ †`‡k Awfevmx| Ges Giv mevB wQ‡jb gvbwmKfv‡e Aš—gy©Lx| Avgv‡`i g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e Aš—gy©Lx gvbmxK cwiw¯’‡Z AbvÍxq cwigÊj I wew”QbœZv‡ev‡ai `vqwUB weg~Z©Zvi g~j †cÖiYv|) KjKvZvq mvgš—xq AwfRvZ cvwievwiK Ave‡n mwdDwχbi gvbm MVb M‡o I‡V| †m m‡½ evg ivR‰bwZK m¤ú„KZZv mwdDwχbi e¨w³ ˆewk‡ó¨ hy³ K‡i Ggb GK FRy gvÎv †h- hLb G f~wg Zvi ¯^‡`k bq Avevi G f~wg e¨vwZZ Ab¨ †Kvb ¯^f~wg n‡ebv, XvKvi gvbyl I gvbmxKZvi m‡½ GKvZ¥ nIqv hv‡”Q bv, wegyZ©Zvq g‡bvwb‡ek Qvov †Kvb Dcvq hLb wQj bv, †m mg‡qI mwdDwÏb i‡Oi †Ljvq †g‡Z IVv †_‡K wb‡R‡K weiZ †i‡L‡Qb| wKš‘ †m m‡½ Qwe AvKvI eÜ cÖvq (KjKvZv †_‡K AvMZ Ab¨‡`iI GKB Ae¯’v), 1957, XvKvi wbævÂj eb¨vi R‡j Wy‡e M¨v‡Q-gy‡Q M¨v‡Q bMi I b`xi †f` †iLv| gvbyl I cÖK…wZ GKvKvi, mwdDwÏb wbR evmf~‡g GKiKg e›`x cÖvq, h_vh_ GK wbR©bZvq †R‡M DV‡jv Zvi Aš—i gvbm| Dcvqnxb weg~Z©Zvq mg©c‡bi ga¨w`‡q c~YthvÎv ïi“ nj Zvi| wKš‘ wZwb welqnxb I c~Y© wbe©¯—yK n‡Z cvi‡jb bv ¯^‡`k I cÖvK…Zmgv‡Ri cÖwZ Zvi wbexo mg©c‡bi Aš—i †cÖibvq| cÖK…wZ I †jvKwk‡íi wbexo ch©‡e¶‡bi m‡½ wbR gvbm MV‡bi FRyZv I my¶Zvi ms‡k­‡l wZwb wbgv©b Ki‡jb wbR wkífvlv| m„wó nj eb¨v, gvQaiv, Rvj kxl©K wPÎgvjv|

[M] 1971, GKwU c~Yt ¯^vwab f‚wg-¯§„wZi cyYivwe¯‹vi I ¯^‡`k ¯^Üvb t
hviv G‡`‡k Avw`evmx wQ‡jb, hviv G †`‡k 47-G Awfevmx n‡q G‡jb; Zviv mK‡j wg‡j iPbv Ki‡jb GK Agi Kve¨ Õgyw³hy×Õ-GKwU ¯^f?‡gi R›g nj : Avgvi †`k, evsjv‡`k| ïiy nj Aš—i¯’ ¯^‡`‡ki iƒ‡ci m‡½ ev¯—e ¯^‡`k‡K wgwj‡q †bevi cÖwµqv| ¯§„wZi cyYivwe¯‹v‡ii G cÖwµqvq Ab¨iv we¶z× n‡jb wKsev n‡jb cjvZK †ivgvw›UK| mwdDwχbi mvgš—xq D`viZvi ˆkíxK AvKvk †Q‡q †d‡j GK D`MZ Kvbœv| Kvbœv, GKvËi, evqvbœ, †PvL-†Pv‡L †`Lv †m mZ¨ Z‡_¨iB cÖKvk|

[N] cÖKvk ce© I cÖvK…Z gvbexKZvi c~YiyÌvb t 
cÖ_g Rxe‡b †mB †h Aib¨ I Aib¨ Pvix gvby‡li m‡½ GKvZ¥ n‡qwQ‡jb mwdDwÏb, Zvi ci `yÕ`ywU ¯^vaxbZv, ¯^cœ I ¯^cœ f½| Zvi ci 30/40 eQ‡ii NvZ-cÖwZNv‡Z Rxeb mvqv‡bœ wb‡R‡K Avwe¯‹vi Avi GK Ai‡b¨; G Ai‡b¨i bvg gvbe-Aib¨| G Ai‡b¨ ivRbxwZ Av‡Q, Av‡Q msMªvg, Av‡Q cÖwZev`, Av‡Q D×evû wKsev cwZZ gvbyl Ges (GB cÖ_g) wk‡ivbvgnxb mwdDwÏb|

wd‡i AvmvhvK cÖPvi weg~LZv cÖm‡½, cÖPvi Gi m‡½ Rwo‡q Av‡Q evwbR¨ `Lj`vwiZ¡ BZ¨vw` cÖm½¸wj| Avi Z…Zxq we‡k¦i wgwWqv ZvB cÖPv‡i AvMÖnx n‡e hv evwbR¨ †`q wKsev Pi `L‡ji gZ ivR‰bwZK `Lj`vwiZ¡ cÖwZôv K‡i| Z…Zxq we‡k¦i Dbœqbkxj GB †`‡k-hvi wk¶v e¨ve¯’v e„wUk Dcwb‡ek we¯—vix-hv †KivYx I `¶ KvixMi ˆZixi Rb¨ cÖYxZ-ZviB DËivaxKvi enb K‡i| `yÔk eQi G‡`k kvwmZ n‡q‡Q AvÁvevnx †KivYx I †gavnxb KvixMi Øviv| Zvici RvZxqZvev‡`i GK P¶z †Mvq©vZ‚gx,  wgwWqvi miKvix KiY (cvwK¯—vb †iwWI, cvwK¯—vb wU wf, ˆ`wbK cvwK¯’vb Bt) `jxq KiY (ˆ`wbK AvRv`, ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK Bt) cieZ©x‡Z e¨vw³MZ ev evwbR¨ Ki‡Yi (BbwKjve-hyMvš—i) ga¨ w`‡q m¤úv`K/mvsevw`KZvi b~b¨Zg gbbkxjZvi ZvwM` UzKz nvwi‡q hv‡”Q PvKzix nviv‡bvi fxwZi AÜKv‡i (hv Avm‡j ˆZix n‡q‡Q gbbnxb †Kivbx gvbmxKZvi DËivaxKvi †_‡K, gbbkxjZv †h GKwU AvÍwek¦vm Zv bv Rvbvi Kvi‡b)| d‡j wgwWqv Zvi mvgvwRK `vq †eva f‚‡j Zvi gbbkxj ghv©`v fz‡j wbQK evwbR¨ g¨vwbqvq †fv‡M| G †`‡ki †KivYx ivRbxwZwe`‡`i gZB wgwWqvI e‡j ÕÔRbMY Pvq ZvBÔÔ ivRbxwZwe`‡`iv †hgb fz‡j M¨v‡Qb Ô†bZv RbM‡Yi Aš—i¯’ ¯^cœ‡K RvwM‡q †Zv‡jb Ges RbM‡Yi Aweb¨¯— Pvwn`v‡K GKwU k„sLjv cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g h_v_© Kg©‡`¨vM wb©gvY K‡ibÔÔ, †Zgwb fv‡e mvsevw`‡KivI we¯§„Z n‡q‡Qb ÕÕmvsevw`K RbMY‡K †mB Z_¨ cÖ`v‡b cÖavb¨ †`‡eb hv Zv‡`i †gav, gbbkxjZv I ivR‰bwZK cÖÁv weKv‡k Ri“ixÔÔ| d‡j †gavi gbbkxj ghv©`v nq D‡c¶xZ, †m m‡½ evwbR¨ cÖ`vqx ¶gZvwUI Avov‡j XvKv c‡o hvq| wk‡í wKsev weÁv‡b wKsev †ckvi wewfbœ †¶‡Î KvixM‡ii msLv‡e‡o hvq wKš‘ cÖ‡hvRwbq DbœqbwU N‡Ubv| †`Lv †`q e¨v_©Zv, ˆbivR¨, nZvkv| Aw¯—Z¡ i¶vi `jv`jx nvbvnvbx‡Z e¨v¯— n‡q c‡o †gavnxb KvixM‡iiv| `jxq cÖav‡biv cÖPvixZ n‡Z _v‡Kb ÔcÖPvi weg~LÔ ÔcÖwZfvi eicyÎÔ BZ¨vw` ¸i“Z¡nxb A_©nxb we‡klY mn‡hv‡M| Avi hw` we‡`kx cyi¯‹vi (†m †`‡ki Kjvfvebv‡K bKj Ki‡Z cvivi ¯^xK…wZ ¯^iyc) cÖvwß N‡U Z‡e‡Zv cÖPv‡ii gvÎve„w×wUI j¶Yxq| Avi gbbkx‡jiv wb‡Ri PP©vUzKz Ae¨vnZ iv‡LY D‡c¶v‡K D‡c¶v K‡i|

mwdDwχbi gbbkxjZv hw` cÖPvi weg~L n‡qB _v‡K, Z‡e Zvi Rb¨ `vqx Avgv‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v|  Avgv‡`i wk‡íi KvixMix bKjbexk Dj­vmB Gi Rb¨ `vqx| Avi Zv‡K wb‡q †hUzKz AvMÖn Zv G Rb¨ †h gbb kxjjZvi †Kvb weKí †bB e‡j|
Kvib gvbyl ZLbB gvbyl hLb †m gbbkxj, evwK UzKz G¨vwb‡gj|