Q Manual

Appendix 2 Chart of transition signals

Meaning/Function	Sentence	Clause Connectors	Others
	Connectors	Co-ordinators
		Subordinators

To introduce an additional idea	furthermore	and	another (+ noun)
	moreover, in addition		an additional (+ noun)

To introduce an opposite idea	on the other hand	but, although	in spite of (= noun)
	however	yet, though	despite (+ noun)
	in contrast	even, though
		whereas, while

To introduce an example	for example		an example of (+ noun)
	for instance, e.g.		such as (+ noun)

To introduce a conclusion	in conclusion
or summary	in summary
	to conclude
	to summarise

To clarify chronological order	first (second, third,	before	the first (+ noun)
and of importance	fourth, etc.)	after	the second (+ noun)
	next, last, finally	while	before the (+ noun)
	first of all, above all	until	in the year
	after that, since then	as soon as	since the (+ noun)
	more important		the most important
	most important		(+noun)

To introduce a cause or		for, because	because of, due to, to
reason result		since, as	result from, the result
			of the effect of X on Y
			the consequence of

To introduce an effect or	as a result	so	the cause of, the reason for
result	as a consequence		to result in, to cause
	therefore, thus		to have an affection
	consequently, hence		to affect

To introduce a comparison	similarly	and, as	like, just like, alike
	likewise	just as	similar (to), the same
	also, too		as both ... and
			not only ... but also
			compare to

To introduce a contrast	on the other hand	but, although	different from
	in contrast	yet, though	dissimilar
	however	even	unlike
	by (in) comparison	though	to differ from
		whereas	to compare to
		while	to compare with

Source: Oshima, A. and Hogue, A. (1981), Writing Academic English, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, USA.

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