Q Manual
Appendix 1 Note-taking - symbols and abbreviations
Symbols
 | therefore |
 | because |
| �� |
statement/answer is correct |
| x |
statement/answer is wrong |
| ? | question; is the
statement correct? |
| / |
or (this/that = this or that) |
| & or + | and/plus |
| - |
a dash (often used to join ideas and replace words or punctuation marks
that have been omitted) |
| " " |
ditto (means the same as the words immediately above the ditto marks) |
 |
does not equal, differs from, is the opposite of |
| = |
is/are/have/has/equals |
| Æ |
leads to/results in/causes |
 |
does not lead to/result in/cause |
Abbreviations
Many of the common general abbreviations are found in an appendix in a dictionary;
however, some of these are listed below:
| e.g. | for example |
| i.e. | that is |
| etc. | etcetera:
and so on |
| c.f. | compare |
| viz. | namely |
| c.(or ca.) |
about/approximately |
| N.B. | note |
| C19 |
nineteenth century; similarly C20 etc. |
| 1920s |
i.e. 1920-1929; similarly 1970s etc. |
| approx. |
approximately |
| dept | department |
| diff.(s) |
difficult(y)(-ies) |
| excl. | excluding |
| govt. | government |
| imp. |
important/importance |
| incl. | including |
| info. | information |
| lang. | language |
| ltd | limited |
| max. | maximum |
| min. | minimum |
| 1st | first |
| 2nd | second |
| 3rd | third etc. |
| G.B. | Great Britain |
| U.K. | United Kingdom |
| Eng. | English |
| Brit. | British |
| Q. | question |
| A. | answer |
| no. | number |
| p./pp. | page/pages |
| poss. |
possible/possibly |
| prob. |
probable/probably |
| probs. | problems |
| re- |
with reference to/concerning |
| ref. | reference |
| sts | students |
| tho' | though |
| thro' | through |
| v. | very |
| s/t | something |
| s/o | someone |
Source: James, K., Jordan, R.R. and Matthews, A.J. (1991),
Listening Comprehension and Note-Taking Skills, Collins ELT, London.
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