*Minoan civilization and the importance of its location- Since the Minoan civilization was based on trade, not conquest, it�s location was more important to them for trade than battle. Minoans could cross the Aegean Sea to trade their goods with settlers in Egypt and stuff.
*Explain how Sparta's location was important- Sparta was located on the southern part of Greece. Since Sparta despised all the other nations of that time and required strict control over their people, being isolated from everyone was a good location for them.
*Trojan War- A war against the Mycenaean people and Troy. Took place around 1250 B.C. at Troy, they fought outside Troy�s walls for 10 years until the Greeks built a wooden horse filled with their men in it as a present to Troy; they crept out when it was night and defeated Troy.
*Geography of Greece- Greece is part of the Balkan Peninsula which extends southward into the eastern Mediterranean Sea. It is filled with mountains and valleys, instead of having one big empire, Greece created many small city-states.
*Post Persian wars domination- The Greeks controlled Athens. The Dorians controlled Sparta.
*Peloponnesian War- It ended Athenian greatness. Power rose in Macedonia as Greeks fought and Sparta was taken over.
*Greek theater origins- Evolved out of religious festivals, most held in Athens to honor Dionysus; the god of fertility and wine. Plays were performed outdoors in large theaters gouged out of the sides of hills.
*Alexander's achievements and empire- Alexander conquered almost the entire known world. His empire kept growing until his death when it was split up amongst commanders and officers.
*The Hellenistic world- Contributed to the rise of new schools of philosophy. Mathematics and sciences had some major advances during the Hellenistic era.
*Oligarchy- A government in which ruling power belongs to a few people.
*Democracy- A government in which the people are the ruling power.
*Spartan childhoods- Spartan childhoods were fun filled with military training. From the age of 7 young Spartan boys are raised to fight for Sparta.
*Athens' golden age- Under Pericles the economy and government of Athens thrived and became more democratic. They had a direct democracy in which a large number of male citizens took part in the day-to-day affairs of government.
*Aristotle's meritocracy- Organization based on demonstrated ability.
*Greek values- They love freedom and moral victory. Greek people love to be free.
Chapter 6
*Augustus- Ruled from 31 B.C. to A.D. 14. The 500 year old republic came to an end and the age of the Roman Empire started.
*Julius Caesar- Pushed through a number of reforms intended o deal with Rome�s problems. He granted Roman citizenship to more people.
*Hannibal- Was selected as the leader of the Carthaginian army. He led a brigade of elephants over the Alps to go raid the Romans.
*Jesus- Was born in R B.C. and he had followers named disciples. Jesus traveled the streets preaching to the many, he taught the Jewish religion.
*Paul- Paul widely spread Christianity throughout the world. Following Jesus would give people eternal life in heaven.
*Odoacer- He was a German leader ousted the emperor in Rome. Roman power had ended because of Odoacer, and the territory Rome lost.
*Ptolemy- A philosopher that was deep in study. He studied a lot.
*Virgil- A famous poet that created many poems. He tried to show that Rome was as heroic as Greece.
*Martyr- A person who suffers or dies from his or her beliefs.
*Mercenary- A soldier serving in a foreign army for pay.
*Messiah- A savior sent by God.
*Patrician- A member of the landholding upper class in ancient Rome.
*Plebian- A member of the lower class in ancient Rome, including farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders.
*Aqueduct- Bridge like stone structures that brought water from the hills into Roman cities.
*Heresy- Religious belief that is contrary to the official teachings of a church.
*Legion- A basic unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 soldiers.
*Republic- A system of government in which officials are chosen by the people.
*Sect- A small religious group.