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State Learner Permit Req'd./ Min. Period Unsuper- vised
 Driving Prohib.
Min. Amount of Supervs'd driving Passenger Restrict. Duration 
of Nighttime Restriction
Basic Driver Ed Distinct License For Drivers Under 21 Min. License Age
Learn-
ers
Inter-
med.
Full
AL n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 15 n/a 16
AK yes/180 days n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a yes 14 n/a 16
AZ n/a n/a 25 hr. (at least 5 hr. at night) n/a n/a n/a yes 15, 7 mo. n/a 16
AR yes/180 days n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 14 n/a 16
CA yes/30 days 12 a.m. - 5 a.m. 50 hr. (at least 10 hr. at night) yes 12 mo. 16-18 yes 15 16 17
CO yes/180 days n/a 50 hr. (at least 10 hr. at night) n/a until 17 n/a yes 15 16 17
CT yes/180 days (120 w/ driv.ed.) n/a n/a n/a n/a 16-18 yes 16 n/a 16, 4 mo.
DE yes/180 days 9 p.m.-6 a.m. n/a yes 6 mo. 16-18 yes 15, 10 mo. 16, 4 mo. 16, 10 mo.
DC n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 16 n/a 16
FL yes/180 days 16 yr. old: 11 p.m.-6 a.m. 17 yr. old: 1 a.m.-5 a.m. n/a n/a until 18 n/a yes 15 16 18
GA yes/1 year under 18: 1 a.m.-5 a.m. n/a yes until 18 n/a n/a 15 16 18
HI yes/90 days n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a yes 15, 6 mo. n/a 16
ID n/a sunset to sunrise n/a n/a until 16 n/a n/a 15 15 16
IL yes/90 days 11 p.m.- 6 a.m. Sun-Thu, 12 a.m.-6 a.m. Fri-Sat 25 hr. n/a until 17 16-18 yes 15 16 17
IN yes/60 days 1 a.m.-5 a.m. Sat-Sun; after 11 p.m. Sun-Thu n/a yes until 18 16-18 yes 15 16, 1 mo. 18
IA yes/180 days 12:30 a.m.-5 a.m. 20 hr. (at least 2 at night) n/a 12 mo. 16-18 yes 14 16 17
KS n/a n/a 50 hr. (at least 10 at night) n/a n/a n/a yes 14 n/a 16
KY yes/180 days n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 16 n/a 16, 6 mo.
LA yes/90 days 11 p.m.-5 a.m. n/a n/a until 17 All n/a 15 16 17
ME yes/90 days n/a 35 hr. (at least 5 at night) n/a n/a 16-17 yes 15 n/a 16
MD yes/120 days 12 a.m.-5 a.m. 40 hrs. n/a 18 mo. 16-18 yes 15, 9 mo. 16, 1 mo. 17, 7 mo.
MA yes 1 a.m.-4 a.m. 12 hr. yes until 18, 6 mo. 17-18 n/a 16 16, 6 mo. 18
MI yes/180 days 12 a.m.-5 a.m. 50 hr. (at least 10 at night) n/a 6 mo. 16-18 n/a 14, 9 mo. 16 17
MN yes/180 days n/a 21 0.00 n/a 16-18 yes 15 n/a 17
MS yes/30 days (none w/ driv. ed.) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a yes 15 n/a 16
MO yes/180 days 1 a.m. -5 a.m. 20 hr. n/a until 18 n/a yes 15, 6 mo. 16 18
MT n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 15-16 n/a 14, 6 mo. n/a 15
NE n/a 12 a.m.-6 a.m. 50 hr. (none w/ driv. Ed.) n/a 12 mo. n/a yes 15 16 17
NV n/a n/a 50 hr. n/a n/a n/a yes 15, 6 mo. n/a 16
NH yes/90 days 1 a.m.-5 a.m. 20 hr. n/a n/a 16-18 yes 15, 6 mo. 16, 3 mo. 18
NJ yes/180 days 12 a.m.- 5 a.m. n/a yes 6 mo. 16-17 n/a 16 17 17, 6 mo.
NM yes/180 days 12 a.m.- 5 a.m. 50 hr. (at least 10 at night) yes 12 mo. 15-16 yes 15 15, 6 mo. 16, 6 mo.
NY yes 9 p.m.-5 a.m. n/a n/a until 18 (17 w/ driv.ed.) 17-18 n/a 16 16 17
NC yes/1 year 9 p.m.-5 a.m. n/a n/a 6 mo. 16-18 yes 15 16 16, 6 mo.
ND yes/90 days n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a yes 14 n/a 16
OH yes/180 days 1 a.m.-5 a.m. 50 hr. (at least 10 at night) n/a until 17 15-18 n/a 15, 6 mo. 16 17
OK n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a yes 15, 6 mo. n/a 16
OR yes, 180 days 12 a.m.-5 a.m. 50 hr. yes until 17 n/a yes 15 16 17
PA yes/180 days 11 p.m.-5 p.m. 50 hr. n/a until 18 (17 w/ driv.ed.) 17-18 n/a 16 16, 6 mo. 17
RI yes/180 days 1 a.m.-5 a.m. n/a n/a 6 mo. 16-18 yes 16 16, 6 mo. 17, 6 mo.
SC yes/90 days 6 p.m.-6 a.m. n/a n/a 12 mo. n/a n/a 15 15, 3 mo. 16, 3 mo.
SD yes/180 days (90 w/ driv.ed.) 8 p.m-6 a.m. n/a n/a until 16 n/a n/a 14 14, 6 mo.(14, 3 mo. w/ driv.ed.) 16
TN yes/90 days (none w/ driv.ed.) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 15 n/a 16
TX yes n/a n/a n/a n/a 16-18 n/a 15 n/a 16
UT yes 12 a.m.-5 a.m. 30 hr. (at least 10 at night) n/a until 17 16-18 yes 15, 9 mo. 16 17
VT yes n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a yes 15 n/a 16
VA yes/180 days n/a n/a n/a n/a 16-19 n/a 15 n/a 16
WA yes n/a n/a n/a n/a 16-18 n/a 15 n/a 16
WV yes n/a n/a n/a n/a 16-18 yes 15 n/a 16
WI yes n/a n/a n/a n/a 16-18 yes 15, 6 mo. n/a 16
WY yes/10 days n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a yes 15 n/a 16

More Details:
AL: The supervising driver must be a parent, guardian, or driving instructor. At age 16, permit holders may drive while supervised by any licensed driver.

AZ: A driver-education instructor can authorize a student enrolled in driver education who is age 15 to drive only while supervised by the authorizing instructor.

AR: Teens age 14 can drive with an instruction permit after passing a written test; after 30 days and after passing a road test, they are eligible for a restricted license that must be held for 6 months. Unsupervised driving is not permitted by holders of either the instruction permit or the restricted license. The combined holding period for the permit and the restricted license is 6 months.

CA: Students enrolled in driver education may drive while supervised by an instructor. License applicants who do not take driver education must wait until age 18 for a license. They are not required to go through an intermediate license stage.

CO: The supervising driver must be a parent, guardian, or driving instructor, and the permit holder must be enrolled in driver education. At age 15˝, permit holders may drive supervised by a licensed driver age 21 or over and are not required to have taken driver education.

CT: Either driver education or home training is required for license applicants younger than 18. Applicants who have not completed driver education have a six-month learner's holding period.

DE: A driver-education student does not need to drive with an instructor. After completing the on-road requirements of driver education, a student who is at least 15 years and 10 months may apply for a Driver Education Learner's Permit, which allows the student to drive while supervised by an experienced driver. Upon completion of driver education, and if the student passes both the road and written tests, the student receives a Level 1 Permit that, for the first six months, allows driving only when supervised. There also is a passenger restriction during the first six months of the level 1 permit. No more than two passengers are permitted in addition to the supervising driver. The Level 1 Permit for the second six months is the equivalent of an intermediate license. During that period, holders may drive unsupervised between 6 a.m. and 9 p.m. and may only carry two passengers. Applicants for a driver's license who are younger than age 18 must have held a Driver's Education Learner's Permit and/or a Level 1 Permit for at least 12 months. Driver Education is required for all license applicants younger than age 18.

HI: License applicants younger than age 18 must have completed driver education.

ID: License applicants younger than age 17 must have completed driver education.

IL: Enrollment in driver education is required for permit applicants age 15; without driver education, a permit applicant must be age 17 and nine months. License applicants age 18 and older are not required to have driver education or to go through an intermediate license stage.

IN: Driver education determines the minimum age for permits and intermediate license. People enrolled in or who have completed driver education must be age 14 to have a permit; otherwise, they must be age 16. The minimum age for an intermediate license is 16 and one month with driver education; age 16˝ without.

IA: In addition to the certification of the learner's stage, Iowa requires a certification of 10 hours of supervised driving, two of which must be at night during the intermediate stage. Driver education is required for an intermediate license and for an unrestricted license if the applicant is age 18.

KY: The law prohibits learner's permit holders from driving between 12 a.m. and 6 a.m. There is no night-time driving restriction for other license holders. License holders younger than age 18 must complete a four-hour course on safe driving within one year of receiving a license.

LA: Driver education is required for a permit and an intermediate license if the applicant is younger than 17. Teens age 17 and older must have completed an educational program that does not require a behind-the-wheel component.

ME: Driver education is required for a permit and a license if the driver is younger than age 18. The learner's permit holding period and the certification of practice driving applies to license applicants younger than age 21.

MD: Fifteen-year-olds may drive if supervised by a driver-education instructor. Driver education and the certification of practice driving applies to all initial license applicants younger than age 21.

MA: The night-driving restriction in Massachusetts also applies to to permit holders younger than 18, unless accompanied by a licensed parent or guardian. Driver education is required of license applicants younger than age 18.

MI: Permit applicants younger than age 18 must have completed the first segment of driver education; license applicants younger than age 18 must have completed the second segment of driver education. Neither driver education nor an intermediate license is required for license applicants older than age 18.

MN: Permit applicants younger than age 18 must be enrolled in driver education; license applicants younger than age 18 must have completed driver education. The permit holding period applies to license applicants age 18 and older unless they have completed driver education. License applicants younger than age 18 must certify 10 hours of driving during a 12-month provisional phase. Provisional license holders must be "crash free" to qualify for a full license.

MT: Enrollment in or completion of driver education is required for permit applicants younger than age 15; license applicants younger than age 16 must have completed driver education.

NE: 15 year-olds who live 1.5 miles or more from school and who either live outside or attend school outside a metropolitan area may be issued a learner's permit (called a "LPE permit") and a limited license (called a "school permit"). The LPE permit authorizes supervised driving for the purpose of preparing for the school permit, which allows driving to and from school or anyplace when supervised by a parent or guardian.

NV: License applicants younger than age 18 must have completed driver education if it is offered in the public school or, if it is unavailable, must have completed 50 hours of driving in addition to that required in the learner's stage.

NH: New Hampshire does not issue learner's permits. At age 15˝ a teen can drive while supervised by a licensed driver age 25 or older. The initial license for 16-year-olds and 17-year-olds is like a permit for the first 90 days. It does not allow unsupervised driving at any time.

NJ: The permit becomes an intermediate license after six months. The graduated licensing law applies to adults, except that the night driving and passenger restrictions are waived for new drivers age 21 and older. If the applicant has not completed driver education, the minimum permit age is 17 and the minimum intermediate license age is 17˝.

NY: New York's licensing law prohibits all 16-year-old licensees and 17-year-olds without driver education from driving in New York City.

NC: Learner's permit holders may not drive between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. for the first six months. Driver education is required for permit and license applicants younger than age 18.

OH: Driver education is required of license applicants younger than 18.

OK: Fifteen-year-olds may drive, but only when supervised by an instructor. Driver education is required for a license at age 16 if it is offered at the applicant's school district. A restricted license is available to 16-year-olds that allows daytime driving only, but it is not a required stage.

RI: Driver education is required of permit and license applicants younger than 18.

SC: In South Carolina, the night-time restriction applies in the learner stage as well as in the intermediate stage. Fifteen-year-olds who are enrolled in driver education do not need a permit to drive with an instructor. License applicants younger than 17 who have not completed driver education may not get a license to drive unsupervised after nightfall.

TX: The minimum permit age is 15 for applicants that have not completed the classroom phase of driver education. The minimum license age is 18 for applicants who have not completed driver education.

UT: Regardless of age, permit applicants must be enrolled in driver education and license applicants must have completed driver education.

VT: Driver education is required for license applicants younger than 18.

VA: Driver education is required for license applicants younger than 18.

WA: Permit applicant must be enrolled in driver education; otherwise the minimum permit age is 15˝ month. Driver education is required for license applicants younger than age 18.

WI: Enrollment in driver education is required for permit applicants younger than 18. Driver education is required for license applicants younger than 18.


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Last updated April 10, 2001

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