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AL: The supervising driver must be a parent, guardian, or
driving instructor. At age 16, permit holders may drive while
supervised by any licensed driver.
AZ: A driver-education
instructor can authorize a student enrolled in driver education
who is age 15 to drive only while supervised by the authorizing
instructor.
AR: Teens age 14 can drive
with an instruction permit after passing a written test; after
30 days and after passing a road test, they are eligible for a
restricted license that must be held for 6 months. Unsupervised
driving is not permitted by holders of either the instruction
permit or the restricted license. The combined holding period
for the permit and the restricted license is 6 months.
CA: Students enrolled in
driver education may drive while supervised by an instructor.
License applicants who do not take driver education must wait
until age 18 for a license. They are not required to go through
an intermediate license stage.
CO: The supervising driver
must be a parent, guardian, or driving instructor, and the
permit holder must be enrolled in driver education. At age 15˝,
permit holders may drive supervised by a licensed driver age 21
or over and are not required to have taken driver education.
CT: Either driver education
or home training is required for license applicants younger than
18. Applicants who have not completed driver education have a
six-month learner's holding period.
DE: A driver-education
student does not need to drive with an instructor. After
completing the on-road requirements of driver education, a
student who is at least 15 years and 10 months may apply for a
Driver Education Learner's Permit, which allows the student to
drive while supervised by an experienced driver. Upon completion
of driver education, and if the student passes both the road and
written tests, the student receives a Level 1 Permit that, for
the first six months, allows driving only when supervised. There
also is a passenger restriction during the first six months of
the level 1 permit. No more than two passengers are permitted in
addition to the supervising driver. The Level 1 Permit for the
second six months is the equivalent of an intermediate license.
During that period, holders may drive unsupervised between 6
a.m. and 9 p.m. and may only carry two passengers. Applicants
for a driver's license who are younger than age 18 must have
held a Driver's Education Learner's Permit and/or a Level 1
Permit for at least 12 months. Driver Education is required for
all license applicants younger than age 18.
HI: License applicants
younger than age 18 must have completed driver education.
ID: License applicants
younger than age 17 must have completed driver education.
IL: Enrollment in driver
education is required for permit applicants age 15; without
driver education, a permit applicant must be age 17 and nine
months. License applicants age 18 and older are not required to
have driver education or to go through an intermediate license
stage.
IN: Driver education
determines the minimum age for permits and intermediate license.
People enrolled in or who have completed driver education must
be age 14 to have a permit; otherwise, they must be age 16. The
minimum age for an intermediate license is 16 and one month with
driver education; age 16˝ without.
IA: In addition to the
certification of the learner's stage, Iowa requires a
certification of 10 hours of supervised driving, two of which
must be at night during the intermediate stage. Driver education
is required for an intermediate license and for an unrestricted
license if the applicant is age 18.
KY: The law prohibits
learner's permit holders from driving between 12 a.m. and 6 a.m.
There is no night-time driving restriction for other license
holders. License holders younger than age 18 must complete a
four-hour course on safe driving within one year of receiving a
license.
LA: Driver education is
required for a permit and an intermediate license if the
applicant is younger than 17. Teens age 17 and older must have
completed an educational program that does not require a
behind-the-wheel component.
ME: Driver education is
required for a permit and a license if the driver is younger
than age 18. The learner's permit holding period and the
certification of practice driving applies to license applicants
younger than age 21.
MD: Fifteen-year-olds may
drive if supervised by a driver-education instructor. Driver
education and the certification of practice driving applies to
all initial license applicants younger than age 21.
MA: The night-driving
restriction in Massachusetts also applies to to permit holders
younger than 18, unless accompanied by a licensed parent or
guardian. Driver education is required of license applicants
younger than age 18.
MI: Permit applicants
younger than age 18 must have completed the first segment of
driver education; license applicants younger than age 18 must
have completed the second segment of driver education. Neither
driver education nor an intermediate license is required for
license applicants older than age 18.
MN: Permit applicants
younger than age 18 must be enrolled in driver education;
license applicants younger than age 18 must have completed
driver education. The permit holding period applies to license
applicants age 18 and older unless they have completed driver
education. License applicants younger than age 18 must certify
10 hours of driving during a 12-month provisional phase.
Provisional license holders must be "crash free" to
qualify for a full license.
MT: Enrollment in or
completion of driver education is required for permit applicants
younger than age 15; license applicants younger than age 16 must
have completed driver education.
NE: 15 year-olds who live
1.5 miles or more from school and who either live outside or
attend school outside a metropolitan area may be issued a
learner's permit (called a "LPE permit") and a limited
license (called a "school permit"). The LPE permit
authorizes supervised driving for the purpose of preparing for
the school permit, which allows driving to and from school or
anyplace when supervised by a parent or guardian.
NV: License applicants
younger than age 18 must have completed driver education if it
is offered in the public school or, if it is unavailable, must
have completed 50 hours of driving in addition to that required
in the learner's stage.
NH: New Hampshire does not
issue learner's permits. At age 15˝ a teen can drive while
supervised by a licensed driver age 25 or older. The initial
license for 16-year-olds and 17-year-olds is like a permit for
the first 90 days. It does not allow unsupervised driving at any
time.
NJ: The permit becomes an
intermediate license after six months. The graduated licensing
law applies to adults, except that the night driving and
passenger restrictions are waived for new drivers age 21 and
older. If the applicant has not completed driver education, the
minimum permit age is 17 and the minimum intermediate license
age is 17˝.
NY: New York's licensing
law prohibits all 16-year-old licensees and 17-year-olds without
driver education from driving in New York City.
NC: Learner's permit
holders may not drive between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. for the first
six months. Driver education is required for permit and license
applicants younger than age 18.
OH: Driver education is
required of license applicants younger than 18.
OK: Fifteen-year-olds may
drive, but only when supervised by an instructor. Driver
education is required for a license at age 16 if it is offered
at the applicant's school district. A restricted license is
available to 16-year-olds that allows daytime driving only, but
it is not a required stage.
RI: Driver education is
required of permit and license applicants younger than 18.
SC: In South Carolina, the
night-time restriction applies in the learner stage as well as
in the intermediate stage. Fifteen-year-olds who are enrolled in
driver education do not need a permit to drive with an
instructor. License applicants younger than 17 who have not
completed driver education may not get a license to drive
unsupervised after nightfall.
TX: The minimum permit age
is 15 for applicants that have not completed the classroom phase
of driver education. The minimum license age is 18 for
applicants who have not completed driver education.
UT: Regardless of age,
permit applicants must be enrolled in driver education and
license applicants must have completed driver education.
VT: Driver education is
required for license applicants younger than 18.
VA: Driver education is
required for license applicants younger than 18.
WA: Permit applicant must
be enrolled in driver education; otherwise the minimum permit
age is 15˝ month. Driver education is required for license
applicants younger than age 18.
WI: Enrollment in driver
education is required for permit applicants younger than 18.
Driver education is required for license applicants younger than
18.
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