Standards for Chapter 7 & 8
Atomic and Molecular Structure
1. The Periodic Table displays the elements in increasing atomic number and shows how periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of the elements relates to atomic structure.
As a basis for understanding this concept, students know:
a. how to relate the position of an element in the Periodic Table to its atomic number and atomic mass.
b. how to use the Periodic Table to identify metals, semimetals, nonmetals, and halogens.
c. how to use the Periodic Table to identify alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals, and trends in ionization energy, electronegativity, and the relative sizes of ions and atoms.
Conservation of Matter and Stoichiometry
3. The conservation of atoms in chemical reactions leads to the principle of conservation of matter and the ability to calculate the mass of products and reactants.
As a basis for understanding this concept, students know:
a. how to describe chemical reactions by writing balanced equations.
d. how to determine molar mass of a molecule from its chemical formula and a table of atomic masses, and how to convert the mass of a molecular substance to moles, number of particles or volume of gas at standard temperature and pressure.
g.* how to identify reactions that involve oxidation and reduction and how to balance oxidation-reduction reactions.
Acids and Bases
5. Acids, bases, and salts are three classes of compounds that form ions in water solutions.
As a basis for understanding this concept, students know:
a. the observable properties of acids, bases and salt solutions.
b. acids are hydrogen-ion-donating and bases are hydrogen-ion-accepting substances.
c. strong acids and bases fully dissociate and weak acids and bases partially dissociate.