To Punish those who Violates their Oaths.

If a nation break their pledge after giving word, it is incumbent on Muslims to fight them.
Allah Ta'ala said:

But if they violate their oaths after their covenant, and attack your religion with disapproval and criticism then fight (you) the leaders of disbelief for surely their oaths of disbelief_ so they may stop the (evil actions).
(At-Tawba:12)
The Muslims who fight against the people who break their pledge and violate their oaths after their covenant) have been promised six good things by

Allah Ta'ala:
Fight them so that
1.Allah will punish them by your hands and
2.Disgrace them and
3.Give you victory and
4.Heal the breast of believing people,
5.And remove the anger of their (believers) heart
6.Allah accepts the repentance of whom He wills, Allah is knowing, All- wise.
(At-Tawba:14,15)

In 6 A.H. Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) came to peace agreement with the Qureish of Makkah to be in effect even for ten years. (for the cause of peace) he had agreed even to such hard and stiff terms as were very shocking to the Muslims. But ,in 8 A.H. ,the Qureish, without caring and honoring a bit for the clauses and conditions of treaty, participated in a military campaign against Banu khuza'ah, a proven Ally of Muslims, and thus they broke their pledge. Upon this Allah's Messenger invaded Makkah with ten thousand devoted and faithful companions and conquered it.
Allah's Messenger had reached an agreement for peace and mutual cooperation with Jewish tribes settled in Madina. But they (Jews) refused to honor this peace treaty. Allah's Messenger laid sedge to Banu Qaniqa and banu Nuzir. They, at last, surrendered themselves to the prophet and he ordered them to leave Madina and settled somewhere else. Another Jewish tribe, Bannu Qurayza (who had been his i.e. the prophet's ally, but deserted to the hostile camp at the battle of Khandaq (The trench) were also beside by Allah's Messenger. Their adult men were killed and children were taken prisoner.

TO PUNISH THE PEOPLE

It has occurred time and again that the disbelievers break their treaties they have made with the Muslims. We need not go into remote past to find out such examples. We can quote many such instances from the contemporary history. After the establishment of Pakistan India was bound to protect and safeguard the life, property and mosques of the Indian Muslims in the light of the Liaquat - Nehru pact. But it never cared to honor this pact. Every other day the Muslims are massacred there in large numbers. Their houses, shops and factories are burnt to ashes. The Pakistan Embassy/High Commission has several times been attacked. Thousands of mosques including the historic Babri Mosque have so far been demolished in India. Last but not least, India is still ready to honor its promise to hold a plebiscite in Kashmir.

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