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| G�ne� Enerjisi Bilim Projesi (ingilizce) |
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http://www.eie.gov.tr |
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R�zgar haritas� |
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www.thefarm.org/charities/i4at/library.html |
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Made from two cardboard boxes, some clear plastic wrap, and a little tape. You can build a nearly free solar dehydrator. Set it on a stool or chair and face it's solar collector towards the sun, and you have a functional food preservation machine for little work and even less money. |
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The above picture almost says it all. Using a long thin cardboard box for the collector and a taller, nearly square, cardboard box for the drying box. Boxes could be made to size by cutting and taping together small cardboard pieces. Line the bottom of the collector box with a black plastic garbage bag or paint the bottom with black, water based, poster paint, (lamp black or soot mixed with a little vegetable oil would work as well). If you use spray paint or other toxic paints, let the collector bake in the sun for a day or two before use. Cover the top of the collector with clear plastic wrap or window glass, etc. Tape it together as shown. |
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To increase the efficiency, you may want to cover the sides and bottom of both boxes with fiberglass or styrofoam insulation. |
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Drawing courtesy of: Mother's Energy Efficiency Book Copyright 1983 ISBN 0-938-43205-2 |
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TESTS FOR DRYNESS: |
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Rely on appearance and feel to judge dryness.
Cool a test handful a few minutes before deciding whether the food is done.
Consider fruit dry when no wetness can be squeezed from a piece which has been cut - it should be rather tough and pliable.
Consider vegetables dry when brittle. |
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PRE- AND POST-DRYING TREATMENTS FOR FRUITS & VEGETABLES: |
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Steam blanching is safe pre-treatment which can prevent spoilage - especially of low acid foods such as vegetables.
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Important post-drying treatments are:
Conditioning - i.e. leaving in open air for long periods to equalize moisture content.
Pasteurizing - i.e. exposing the dried foods to high heat to eliminate harmful organisms |
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Ensure food is thoroughly cool before storing.
Store in small quantities in glass or food-grade plastic.
Check supplies frequently for contamination or dampness.
Keep in a dry, cool place (between 4 C/40 F and 21 C/70 F).
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PREPARING FOR EATING: |
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Fruits - cover with boiling water in saucepan and simmer the fruit covered for 10-15 min.
- sweeten to taste at the very end of cooking.
- remove from heat and cool still covered Vegetables.
- soak all vegetables except greens in cold water until they are nearly restored to their original texture.
- use only enough water to cover and always cook in the soaking water.
- cover greens with enough boiling water to cover and simmer until tender.
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Solar Power Generator |
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| STORAGE: |
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Using parts easily available from your local stores, you can make a small solar power generator for $250 to $300. Great for power failures and life outside the power grid. Power your computer, modem, vcr, tv, cameras, lights, or DC appliances anywhere you go. Use in cabins, boats, tents, archaeological digs, or while travelling throughout the third world. Have one in the office store room in case of power failures in your high-rise. I keep mine in my bedroom where it powers my CD player, turntable, lights, modem, laptop, and (ahem) a back massager. I run a line out the window to an 8" x 24" panel on the roof. |
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1. Buy yourself a small solar panel. For about $100 you should be able to get one rated at 12 volts or better (look for 16 volts) at an RV or marine supplies store. |
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2. Buy yourself a battery. Get any size deep cycle 12 volt lead/acid battery. You need the deep cycle battery for continuous use. The kind in your car is a cranking battery--just for starting an engine. Look for bargains, it should cost about $50-60. |
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3. Get a battery box to put it in for $10. (This is good for covering up the exposed terminals in case there are children about If you going to install the system in a pump shed, cabin, or boat, skip this.) |
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3. Buy a 12 volt DC meter. Radio Shack has them for about $25. |
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4. Buy a DC input. I like the triple inlet model which you can find at a car parts store in the cigarette lighter parts section for about $10. This is enough to power DC appliances, and there are many commercially available, like fans, one-pint water boilers, lights, hair dryers, baby bottle warmers, and vacuum cleaners. Many cassette players, answering machines, and other electrical appliances are DC already and with the right cable will run straight off the box. |
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5. But if you want to run AC appliances, you will have to invest in an inverter. This will convert the stored DC power in the battery into AC power for most of your household appliances. I bought a 115 volt 140 watt inverter made by Power-to-Go at Pep Boys for $50. More powerful inverters are available by mail. Count up the number of watts you'll be using (e.g., a small color television(=60 watts) with a VCR(=22 watts), you'll need 82 watts). |
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6. Use a drill to attach the meter and DC input to the top of the box. |
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7. Use insulated wire to attach the meter to the wingnut terminals on the battery. Connect the negative (-) pole first. Only handle one wire at a time. Connect the DC inlet to the battery in the same way. Connect the solar panel to the battery in the same way. |
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8. Close the lid (I use a bungee cord to keep it tight). Put the solar panel in the sun. It takes 5-8 hours to charge a dead battery; 1-3 hours to top off a weak one. It will run radios, fans, and small wattage lights all night, or give you about 5 hours of continuous use at 115 volt AC, or about an hour boiling water. This system may be added on to with larger panels, inverters, and batteries. |
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Hate cloudy days? Try optimizing your panel this way. |
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? SunWings� solar water heater
uses the power of the sun alone to heat water affordably and efficiently.
? Requires no gas or electricity
Simple, Reliable, Durable, Repairable
? A Solar Heirloom Product�
so cost-effective to use and maintain, our children can continue to use it. . . |
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? SunWings produces over 40 gal. of hot water per sunny day.
? Can be set at ground level, on the roof, or as an outdoor shower. It can be plumbed like a regular water heater in your house, or simply hooked up with a garden hose. In series with your gas or electric water heater, it provides unlimited hot water year-round and a payback time of five to six years in fuel savings.
? SunWings are also used as outdoor showers in the garden, backyard, swimming-pool caba�a, campground, and remote areas. |
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? When you take an outdoor solar shower in a little fern covered caba�a, you get the feeling of being in a secluded jungle waterfall. And if the electricity goes off, you still have hot water.
? Materials for SunWings cost the same as an electric water heater, $350. |
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Complete SunWings and Solar Caba�a plans - $18.00
Shipping and handling - $2.00
Visa and MasterCard accepted.
Call today for your plans!
Phone / Fax: (800) 386-4496 at Mushroompeople
E-mail: [email protected] |
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? Normal solar water heaters circulate water through tubes that freeze and break in cold weather, requiring elaborate "draindown" safety systems which sometimes fail, resulting in extensive damage. Others circulate antifreeze in a heat exchanger to heat the water. But all of these devices, heat exchangers, pumps, thermostats, solenoid valves, electronic logic controllers, storage tanks, and vacuum breakers are more costly and vulnerable components to break down and reduce the final efficiency, and besides, who needs to pay $2,000 just to heat water? The old batch solar heater was superior in many ways to the flat plate models but also had a big area of glass that's expensive and vulnerable to accidents, vandalism, and hail. We wrap our tank with UV-protected solar grade fiberglass and collect the sunlight using reflecting wings outside the glazed tube. The reflector that gathers the most sunlight as the sun moves across the sky is not a parabola, but more like a catenary, made out of all-weather anodized aluminum.
? When SunWings solar showers are installed in a campground, campers wonder how they can take 15 to 20 showers a day without running out of hot water.
The answer: the more solar water is used, the more efficient it is, because heat losses increase with temperature. The campers also appreciate being able to take a warm shower in the early morning. The high insulation and selective absorber of SunWings retain heat with minimal losses overnight.
? SunWings solar hot water systems are enjoyed by homeowners, kids, gardeners, homesteaders, chemically or EM-sensitive people, farmers, and campers.
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