Data Communication and Networking 

 

• Foundation of Data Communication

• Data representation.

• Communication and Signaling Techniques.

• Communication Types.

• Interface Standards and data conversion devices.

• Multiplexing and De-Multiplexing of communication channels.

• Transmission and switching.

• ISDN, LAN, WAN, GAN

• Networking topologies and wirings.

• Network access control.

• Error detection data routing.

TCP/IP

Stands for…………

It is set of two communication protocols that an application can use to package its information for sending across a network or networks.  

TCP is roughly comparable to SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange), and IP approximates IPX (Internet work Packet Exchange).

• TCP/IP also refers to an entire collection of protocols, call a protocol suite. This collection includes application protocols for performing tasks such as e-mail, file transfers, and terminal emulation.

• SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) is an application protocol that enables us to communicate by e-mail.

  Brief History of TCP/IP.  

• The interest in Packet Switched WAN’s

• The Initial Research Issue behind the internet

• From the ARPANET  to the internet.

TCP/IP has application protocols that address these issues. The following are four methods of finding information on the internet, know as information retrieval services.  

• WAIS

• ARCHIE

• GOPHER

• WWW

Request for Comments (RFCs) :  These are internet standards. Which are published in a series of documents called RFCs.

Internet Activities Board (IAB): Is a committee responsible for setting Internet standards and for managing the process of publishing RFCs. The IAB is in charge of tow task forces:

• Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) and

• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).

InterNIC Directory and Database Services.

The InterNIC Directory and Database, provided by AT&T, is a service that furnishes us with sources of information about the internet,  including RFCs

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Reference Models: An overview:

A reference model is a conceptual blueprint of how communications should take place. It addresses all the processes that are required for effective communication. these processes are divided into logical groupings called layers. When a communication system is designed in this manner, it's known as layered architecture.