taxacts2

ACT #8: The Animal-Like Flagellates (Protozoans)
The second group of protozoa move by means of a whip called flagellum. Because of this, these protozoans are called flagellates. The main flagellate we will study is euglena, a protozoa that can�t decide whether it is a plant or animal.
(A) Take a look at the text pg. 326. Why does the Euglena have characteristics of animal and plant cells?
(B) How can the Euglena move?
(C) What color is the euglena? Why?
(D) Euglena has a red sport. Although it can�t �see� anything, the eyespot is sensitive to light. Why might that help the Euglena?
(E) If the Euglena is in the dark or closes its chlorophyll, it lives as a heterotroph. What does that mean?
(F) *Live Euglena*
1. Put a drop of euglena culture on a depressed slide.
2. Look for a little green submarine zooming all over the place.
3. When you�ve found it, call over Mr. Liao and let him initial it for credit!
4. Look especially for euglenoid movement which is the extension and contraction. The euglena uses in conjunction with its tail to move.
5. Sketch euglenoid movement by showing how the euglena uses in conjunction with its tail to move.
6. Use your text on pg. 326 to draw a picture of an euglena. Label the eyespot, chloroplast, flagellum (although you probably won�t be able to see it).
(G) Flagellates can be nasty little critters as well. What disease do trypanosomes cause?

ACT #9: The Ciliated Protozoans
The 3rd group of Protozoans have a bunch of hair-like structures called cilia which help move the cell through water. The ciliate we will study is the paramecium.
(A) What are these cilia structures- check them out in Section 4.10
(B) What function do the cilia perform?
(C) How do these ciliates reproduce? What is conjugation?
(D) * LIVE PARAMECIUM *
1. Once again you can show movements of the paramecium by placing some strands of cotton in your slide.
2. Call Mr. Liao over for the initial!
3. Sketch a paramecium under high power and label the cilia, contractile vacuole, macronucleus, and gullet.

ACT #10: Cnidarians, Hydra
Cnidarians come from the protistanlike ancestors that gave rise to the main line of evolution from which other animals sprang. Cnidarians diverged early from this evolutionary lineage. These animals are aquatic and have definite tissues, a gut, and a definite nervous system.
Cnidarians are also predators. All are carnivorous and possess tentacles that capture prey. Food is captured with the aid of stinging elements called nematocysts. In some species, nematocysts release a toxin that paralyzes the prey. The mouth opens to receive the food, which is deposited in the gut.
(A) Sketch the Hydra using the lab manual pg. 406.
(B) FOR EXTRA CREDIT: Obtain a live hydra and feed it daphnia. If you can show Mr. Liao this, he�ll give you extra credit on this set of activities.

ACT #11: Flatworms, Planaria
Flatworms have soft, flat, wormlike bodies with bilaterial symmetry. This is the same type of symmetry that we have. Organizationally, these animals are important because they are the simplest forms to exhibit an organ level of organization and they have cephalization (a definite head with sense organs).
(A) Use pg. 418-419 in the Lab manual as reference. CAREFULLY remove a LIVE planaria and place it in a depressed slide. Use the brush to stimulate the planaria and observe how it moves. Gently turn the planaria over to see the animal�s pharynx.
(B) Sketch the planaria and then label its branching gut, pharynx, eyespot, nerve cord, and flame cells.
(C) What is the function of flame cells?

ACT #12: The Invertebrates
A) Let�s go back to take a look at how animals are classified. There are six general characteristics that define an animal. What are they? Pg. 358-9 text.
B) Knowing these characteristics, tell me why the Protozoans you just viewed under the microscope would not belong to the animal kingdom.
C) Animals are grouped into VERTEBRATES and INVERTEBRATES. What�s the difference between these two groups?
D) Take a look at Table 23.1 on pg. 358. List the Phyla of the animals that belong to the category of invertebrates.
1) Which Phylum of the animals contains the greatest variety?
2) Which Phylum do we belong to?
E) How do scientists decide which phylum each animal belongs to? Five features of the animal are compared. They are body symmetry, cephalization, type of gut, body cavity, and segmentation. Give me a quick summary of each feature.