Research into the existence of Binary companion’s stars uncovered some unusual findings, that such binary systems are as common for younger stellar bodies as for older ones. However, though it has been theorized that our sun has a companion [which orbit each other during a period of 30 million years], there is no real evidence to support it.

Yet this theory has been touted as an explanation for the periodic mass extinction’s that have occurred throughout Earth’s history. But the closest known stars to our solar system [The Alpha Centauri trinary system] being 4.2 light years away, are not held by the suns' gravity.

In research conducted in the closing decade of the 20^th century, observations were made of the surrounding G2v [or dwarf class] stars within 72 light years of the Sol system. The results showed that rather than being the exception binary systems were the norm. But that trinary and dual binary [quadruple] systems are considerably rarer than binary systems.

In theory, a planet could orbit around such a system, provided it orbited around one of the stars at a safe distance from the other.

T Tauri stars [or those which have not yet reached their main sequence period], are stellar bodies similar to our own sun as it was early in its evolution. Such stellar bodies offer astronomers and cosmologists, an opportunity to observe how our own sun was like at an earlier age. The nearest of these types of stars are found approximately 460 light years distant.

During observations of these T Tauri stars, it was found that almost half were found to have companion stars. But how these systems evolved has yet to be explained. Many theories abound as to the ‘creation’ of such phenomenon, but do not hold up after careful scrutiny. But recently, a new theory has arisen that [unlike the old fission theories] uses a concept called fragmentation.

The theory postulates binary stars are created when a molecular cloud of gas begins to collapse under its own gravity, forming two protostars. The subsequent cohesion draws the obscuring gas and dust away and a newly forming binary star system emerges [of the T Tauri class]. As present, this theory fully agrees with current observations of young stars.