Final Exam Review Guide

Psychology II

Mrs. Goss

Motivation

• Motivation is defined by psychologists as
• An instinct is
• A drive is
• Drive-reduction theory
• Homeostasis
• Extrinsic motivation
• Intrinsic motivation
• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
• External hunger cues v. internal hunger cues
• Anorexia-nervosa
• Bulimia-nervosa

Emotion

• James-Lange Theory
• Cannon-Bard Theory
• Two-factor theory
• Divisions of the Nervous System
• Somatic Nervous System
• Autonomic Nervous System
• Sympathetic division
• Parasympathetic division
• Display rules
• Nonverbal cues
• Nonverbal cues in different cultures

Stress and Wellness

• Stress
• Stressor
• GAS
• Research shows that the most effective teachers, athletes, and leaders view stressors as
• Our susceptibility to illness is highest during the ________ phase of the GAS.
• Prolonged stress due to sustained military combat would most likely be associated with a decrease in the size of a brain structure vital to:
• Burnout
• What categories are stress divided into
• How does optimism relate to stress
• Type-A personality v. Type-B personality
• What is the most harmful component of type-B personality
• What are the benefits of aerobic exercise
• How are social support and wellness related?
• Optimism v. pessimism
• Explanatory style
• Effects of smoking on health, lifespan and marriage

Development:

• Zygote
• Embryo
• Fetus
• Teratogen
• Alcohol and pregnancy
• Rooting reflex
• Memory in babies and children
• Schema
• Accommodation
• Assimilation
• Conservation
• Attachment
• Secure attachment, insecure attachment, avoidant-attachment
• Harlow experiment
• Parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive
• What is adolescence
• Primary sex characteristics
• Secondary sex characteristics
• Kholberg’s Moral Reasoning Stage Theory
• Social clock
• Alzheimer’s Disease
• Dementia
• Aging and the common cold
• Crystallized intelligence
• Fluid intelligence
• Recall v. Recognition in older people v. younger people
• Erikson’s psychosocial stages

Personality

• Personality
• Psychoanalysis
• Conscious
• Preconscious
• Unconscious
• Id, ego, superego
• Defense mechanisms
• Psychosexual stages: oral, anal, phallic, genital, latent
• Carl Jung and the Collective Unconscious
• Emphasis of the Humanistic perspective
• Carl Rogers
• Unconditional positive regard
• Traits
• Trait Theory
• The “Big Five’
• Reciprocal Determinism
• Internal locus of control v. External locus of control
• Learned Helplessness

Disorders

• Mental health workers label behavior psychologically disordered when they judge it:
• Atypical, Maladaptive, Disturbing, Unjustifiable
• The bio-psycho-social perspective assumes that which of the following three factors interact to produce psychological disorders?
• DSM
• Anxiety Disorders
• Panic disorder
• Phobic disorder
• Generalized anxiety disorder
• OCD
• Obsession
• compulsion
• PTSD
• Learning and anxiety disorders
• Major Depressive Disorder
• dysthymic disorder
• Bipolar disorder
• Brain activity during depression
• Dissociative Disorders
• Dissociative Fugue
• Dissociative Amnesia
• Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Somatoform Disorders
• Schizophrenia
• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Types of Schizophrenia
• Paranoid
• Catatonic
• Disorganized
• Undifferentiated