Purpose

This document provides for the smooth, efficient operation of the Lockheed Martin Golf Association (LMGA) and consistent competitive play.  It is separate from the Constitution to be more quickly and easily modified.  It explains the LMGA structure, how the organization runs, and the LMGA rules of play.  Control of the contents of this document is the responsibility of the Executive Committee. The "Rules Committee" reviews it annually and proposed changes are submitted to the Executive Committee for ratification. Association members are encouraged to submit any rule change ideas to the Rules Committee or Executive Committee for consideration. The official LMGA Operating Rules are maintained on the official LMGA website (http://home.tds-eagan.lmco.com/golf/org/oprules.htm) and are available to all members. Printed copies can be made with any internet browser. Top

I. LMGA Structure

The LMGA is directed by annually elected officers who form the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee organizes Association events such as the Open House, Captains Dinner,  competitions, election, and season ending Awards Banquet.  The Association consists of leagues, each having a League Representative on the Executive Committee who is responsible for overseeing the competition for that league.   Each league can have from four to ten teams in it and each team can have from six to fourteen members.  These teams compete weekly to determine a league champion and runner up that receive awards.  Golfers may join  teams from different leagues or be an "At Large" member if they are interested only in playing tournaments.  Special tournaments are scheduled monthly during the summer months and a special match play tournament  runs all season.  

A. Executive Committee

The Executive Committee of the Lockheed Martin Golf Association is the body established for the primary purposes of:

1. Administering Association activities (refer to Executive Committee Guidelines in Appendix A for details).
2. Legislating changes to the Constitution.
3. Ratifying changes to these book of Operating Rules for the Lockheed Martin Golf Association.

The Executive Committee should meet:
    1. Prior to the Captain's Banquet to organize the Association and prepare for the upcoming season,
    2. At the Captain's Banquet (mid-April) to:

1. Present detailed plans for the upcoming season,
2. Present proposed Constitutional changes for a vote of the captains, and
3. Entertain proposals from the captains.

   3. Periodically during the season to handle problems, recommended changes to Association operations, etc., and
   4. After the season to organize and plan the Fall banquet and select a nominating committee for next year's Executive Committee officers. Top

B. LMGA Handicapping System

One differential shall be recorded for each completed 9-hole score in Association play. Two differentials, one for each 9-hole score in the order they were played when possible, will be recorded for each completed 18-hole score in stroke play tournaments. A link (in a yellow box) on the LMGA home page brings up the official  handicap spreadsheet  \\Depot\Public\LMGA\allhcp.xls.  Handicaps are updated each weekend using USGA formulas except that where USGA uses the best 10 of the last 20 18-hole rounds played, LMGA uses the best 6 of the last 12 9-hole rounds played in LMGA competition.  Scores used for handicapping are limited by the USGA Equitable Stroke Control rule.  

1. Equitable Stroke Control Rule

Equitable Stroke Control (ESC) was instituted by the USGA and MGA to control artificial handicap inflation (better known as "sandbagging"). ESC does not affect gross or net scores. For determining a fairer handicap, ESC provides that a golfer's maximum score per hole is limited by their current course handicap according to the following table. In the event that the actual score is greater than the ESC score, the ESC score will be used for computing the score for handicapping purposes.  Each player is RESPONSIBLE for adjusting their score appropriately prior to submission  for handicapping.

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2. Handicap Adjustment 

The USGA handicap system includes a "Handicap Adjustment" (HA) to equalize play between a man and a woman or between two golfers playing against each other from different tees.  The HA equals the difference between the two course ratings, rounded to the nearest stroke. It is added to the handicap of the player who plays the higher rated course. 

3. Handicap Determination

a. 9-Hole Handicap Calculations - Handicap Indices are updated each weekend  during the golf season using the LMGA variation of the USGA method.  The following table shows the number of 9-hole differentials used to calculate a members handicap index. 

b. Whenever needed an 18-hole Handicap Index is computed by multiplying the published 9-hole index by 2. (e.g., 9-hole index of 11.7 * 2 = 23.4 18-hole index).

4. Establishing a Handicap  

Members become established once they have a minimum of three actual scores recorded in the LMGA Handicap System.  Golfers are not eligible to win some prizes in competition until they become established.

a) New members may establish a LMGA handicap index by submitting their USGA number (only rounds no more than 2 years old will be accepted) or their differentials (no older than 2 years) as recorded by any other organized golf association or club approved by the LMGA handicapper.   A minimum of three rounds is required to be established..

b) New members without rounds from another golf Association or club must play at least one 9-hole round in the current season and submit the scorecard to the handicapper for entry into the system to get a starting handicap index prior to their first round played in competition. The LMGA may also arrange pre-season golf outings for new members where the scores are entered into system and count towards establishing handicap. 
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C. League Membership & League Limits

* Maximum Handicap method limits the handicap which a golfer can use in a league. This affects handicap strokes given and individual net score calculation.
** Maximum Given Handicap Strokes method limits the handicap strokes given by one golfer to another in match play.
*** The "At Large" league includes golfers who are only interested in playing in the special tournaments.

1. League Membership -  A yearly registration fee  ((as set by the Executive Committee) is paid to  become a "regular member" of a team.   The LMGA Weekly Handicap Sheet contains the official team rosters for all teams in the Association.

2. Women Members - At sign up time, women decide whether to play from the white tees or the red tees for the entire season.  Their choice applies to all LMGA play.  Top

D. LMGA Intranet Website (HOME/GOLF)

All information relating to the weekly operation of the LMGA will be made available on the LMGA web.  This includes the league schedules, rosters, standings, results, tournament information, operating rules, Association officers, and golf Association news. Top

E. LMGA External Website 

For the benefit of LMGA members without access to the internal LMGA website, the LMGA external website ((http://www.geocities.com/ms2tsgolf) will provide as much pertinant information relating to the weekly operation of the LMGA as possible.  This includes the league schedule, standings, results, and tournament information. Top

II. STRUCTURE OF PLAY

A. Weekly League Competition

1.0 Team Match

a. The team match consists of two teams of four in accordance with the league schedule. Opponents play match play (hole by hole) against each other using their handicaps for the given course.  A minimum of two regular team members per team is required in order to form a match.  Fewer than two results in a forfeit.

b. Team members are matched against opponents by Handicap Index (HI). Lowest HI versus lowest HI, second lowest versus second lowest, etc. Handicap Indices and course handicaps are furnished by the League Representative to reflect scores shot through the previous week.  Handicap Adjustments are made after the pairings have been determined.

c. If two or more team members' Handicap Index are the same, the captain or acting captain decides who will play in which position.

d. The two lowest handicap members go out as partners in a foursome as do the two highest handicap members, unless the two team captains (or their representatives) mutually agree to some other arrangement.

e. Honors are determined on the first tee by a coin-flip.

f. All rounds shall be played using USGA stroke play rules.  League Competition

2.0 League Scoring System

a. Ten points are possible for each team match and determined as follows:

1. Two points are awarded for a win in each team member's individual match play match. (Total 8 points). Halved matches are awarded one point to each opponent. (See Rule 2 of the Rules of Golf.)

2. Two points are awarded for the team with the most total holes won.  This is calculated by adding the individual holes won for all team members. If blinds are involved, refer to section 4.0.e.

b. Typically, the league representative will provide a book at the golf course with current handicaps and LMGA score sheets.  They should be filled out completely by a participant from each team and signed as the official record of the match.  Usually someone is designated to return the book to the league rep the following day.  Otherwise, the winning team's representative shall be responsible to report the results of the matches, with total team points scored, to the League Representative by the next working day. The results shall be compiled and the total points scored by each team shall be kept current on a week-to-week basis. League Competition

3.0 Substitutes

a. Any Association member except a member of the opposing team may substitute for a team member.  The substitutes handicap will be limited to the ranges set by the league. 

b. No more than two substitutes per team are permitted for any match.

c. During the last two scheduled matches of each half, any substitute must have recorded at least six Lockheed Martin Golf Association rounds during the current and preceding seasons. 

League Competition

4.0 Missing Players or Playing against the Blind

a. At least two regular team members must participate to avoid forfeiting the match.  If a full complement of four team members and substitutes cannot be fielded, the team utilizes one or two "blinds" as required.

b. The opposing captain (or acting captain) shall determine the opponent(s) for the blind(s). If both teams are short players, the blinds are paired against each other. The remaining players are matched by handicap indices as described in II- A-2.0- b. If one team has only two players, those players and their proper opponent must play in separate groups disregarding handicapping order if necessary.  If a player hasn't arrived by the scheduled tee time, but is expected see the Late Arrival section.

c. A golfer playing against the blind uses their published handicap disregarding any league handicap limit and is awarded one point for playing. To win a hole, the golfer needs a net score better than par.   If the golfer ties the number of holes won (e.g. 3 and 3) or wins more holes than they lose, they win the second point.     

d. A Blind cannot win match points.

e. Determine team points as follows:

1. The team with fewer players totals the holes won by all its players.  A Forfeiting team automatically gets 0 total holes won and 0 points. 
2. The team with more players totals the holes won by their most successful n players (where n is the number of players on the opposing team).

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5.0 Incomplete Rounds

5.1 Late Arrival

a. If a team member is expected to be late, the match should be arranged and started as if the member was present.

b. If the late member arrives prior to their proper group beginning the fourth hole, their competition begins on the next tee; i.e., 2nd, 3rd or 4th. The late member becomes ineligible to win league prizes.  For Match Play competition, the opponent of a late player plays the blind for 1-3 holes including the holes won to determine the individual match results.  Holes lost to a blind are not counted. At the conclusion of the match, the late member should make an attempt to go back and complete the round for handicap purposes.   Refer to section 5.3 for determining net score.  If the round cannot be completed or the member elects not to complete the missed holes, refer to section 5.3 for determining gross, ESC, and net scores to use for any unplayed holes.

c. If a late player does not begin competition with their proper group on or before the fourth tee, then match eligibility is forfeited and the opponent shall continue to play the blind as per II-A -4. In this case, the late arrival may play with the group, but no score shall be turned in for handicapping nor have any effect on the outcome of the match. League Competition

5.2 Early Withdrawal

a. A team member who elects to withdraw from a match after completing at least five holes is an early withdrawal. This decision can only be made between holes, not in the middle of a hole. For Match Play competition, the opponent playing the withdrawing member shall play a blind for the remainder of the round. Refer to section 5.3 for determining scores to use for any unplayed holes.

b. A team member who elects to withdraw from a round before having completed at least half the holes shall be deemed to have forfeited the round. For match play points, the opponent playing the withdrawing member shall count the holes completed and shall play the blind for the remainder of the round. For determination of the team points, the score shall be as if the withdrawing member constituted a blind. (See paragraph II-A-4-e.) League Competition

5.3 Determining Score for Unplayed Holes in League Competition

a. Late arrivals and early withdrawals may have unplayed holes for which a score must be determined using these calculations.  

b. Gross score for an unplayed hole shall be determined such that the net score is one stroke greater than their opponent's net score for the hole (i.e. = opponents net score + 1 - your handicap for the hole. This amounts to a one net stroke penalty per hole missed.

c. ESC score for any unplayed hole is determined by the players handicap for that hole (i.e. = par + your handicap for the hole).  This amounts to using the players expected score.

d. A golfer who does not play all of the holes is ineligible to win league prizes for that round.

5.4 Early Match Termination due to Weather or Darkness

a. Opposing teams may agree to terminate play as a result of weather or darkness. As long as at least five holes have been completed, the match is considered complete at that point, pending the approval of the league representative. Match points are determined from the results of the completed holes. Each golfer takes a score equal to par + their handicap for the un-played holes to determine a gross score for the match which will be used for handicap calculations. Early termination rounds are not eligible for special awards such as the weekly low net or season low score awards. League Competition

5.5 Incomplete Hole or Conceded Hole

Once a hole is started, a golfer is expected to complete it. If a golfer "picks up" in the middle of a hole or the hole is conceded, it will be deemed an incomplete hole and the following will occur:

a. The golfer concedes the hole and both players are given a score in accordance with 5.5.b. It is suggested that a player not concede a hole or pick up until their opponent has reached the green.

b. The golfers record their most likely score for the hole. This is based on how many strokes have been taken at the time of the pick up/consolation plus the strokes they estimate (most likely) it would take to complete the hole. (USGA rule 4-1) For handicap purposes the maximum score is limited by ESC rules. League Competition

6.0 Forfeiture by Team

a. If a team cannot field at least two regular team members, it forfeits the match.

b. The members of the non-forfeiting team must play in order to avoid a forfeit themselves. Match play points are awarded per paragraph 4.c. Both net points shall be awarded to the non-forfeiting team. The forfeiting team is not eligible to win any points. Should both teams forfeit, no points are awarded. Points are liable for forfeit when any team or any player fails to play a match at the scheduled time, or fails to complete a match once begun, except when such failure is due to inclement weather or extenuating circumstances (as determined at the course by the opposing team captains or their representatives). Two forfeits within a season will require Executive Committee review to determine if in the best interest of the Association:

1. The team shall be removed from further competition.
2. The captain shall be barred from being a team captain or Executive committee member for the following season.
3. Individual team members shall be barred from any further competition that season.

In the event of two forfeits, the results of previous matches by that team shall be canceled and the winner of the league shall be the team with the best percentage of points won. If the team is removed during the second half of the season, only the results from that half are canceled. League Competition

7.0 Cancellation of Match

a. A scheduled Association match can only be canceled by the League Representative or under the following conditions:

1. Course closed as unplayable.

2. Threat of severe thunderstorms or dangerous lightning. Under no circumstance shall play begin or continue when visible lightning has been sighted. 

b. If two opposing team captains or their representatives decide to cancel a match and reschedule it and if they play on any course other than the regularly scheduled course, those teams are only eligible for the low foursome net golf ball prizes for that night. League Competition

8.0 Makeup and Pre-played Matches

Makeup and pre-played matches shall be played in accordance with arrangements made by mutual agreement of the team captains or their representatives. All makeup matches must be scheduled within two weeks after postponement to avoid both teams forfeiting the match. Rescheduled matches may be played at the teams' own choice of course and time. However the League Representative must be notified in advance and pre-approve the course for competition. Makeup matches must be completed with results to the League Representative within three weeks of the originally scheduled match. The Rules Committee shall determine the distribution of all contested points and their decision shall be final. League Competition

9.0 League Play-off

a. PARTICIPATION: A league play-off between the winners of the first and second half determines the league champion.  If a team wins both halves, it is declared the league champion and then the second place teams from each half play-off for second place.  The winners of each half shall be determined by the highest percentage of points won in that half. Ties for the half will be broken by a special play-off between the two teams using final play-off format. 

b. LOCATION: The time and place of the play-off should be agreed on by the opposing team captains. If agreement cannot be reached, the League Representative shall set the time and place.

c. TEAM SIZE: Team captains are encouraged to schedule as many players as possible, but a minimum of four members from each team must participate. The maximum number of participants per team is limited to the roster size of the smallest participating team.  Up to two extra members from either team may participate in the playoff as an unpaired golfer who plays against the blind for the two “team points” and for “team net score” but not for match points. 

d. FORMAT:  The play-off format follows the normal Association scoring system using two points per individual match and two points for team total holes won.  When one team has more participants, the “team total holes won” points will be determined using the best “n” holes won scores and the “team net score” will be determined using the best “n” individual net scores (where “n” is the number of paired matches played).  Because “team net score” is a playoff tie breaker, all participants must complete each hole and hole all putts. 

In case of a tie:
          Tie breaker 1. The team winning the most match points wins.
          Tie breaker 2. If still tied, the team with the lowest “team net score” wins
          Tie breaker 3. If still tied, the team with the most total points in head to head competition during the regular season wins.
          Tie breaker 4. If a tie still exists, flip a coin to determine who wins. 

A different format may be used if the participating team captains and their league representative can all agree on a scoring method that includes how to break all ties.   

e. SCORES:  Scores of participants will be included in the handicap database if standard league playing rules have been followed and are eligible for weekly or season league prizes.   League Competition | Top of Page

10.0  Protest Process

Protest of individual or team match results are initiated by signing and giving a brief description of the protest on the official LMGA score sheet.  The League Representative will rule on all protests within each league with the exception of a protest that involves their team, in this case the protest will be presented to the LMGA President and Vice President for a ruling).  A decision may be appealed to the Rules Committee if it seems incorrect or unfair for a ruling by the Rules Committee chairman and if necessary, elevated to the Executive Committee for a final ruling.

B. Tournaments

The LMGA Tournament Director is responsible for procuring courses and administering a series of special tournaments during the course of the year. The number and format are at the discretion of the Tournament Director, who will publish the format, starting times, entry fee, prize list, etc., for each tournament. Preference should be given to courses different from those used for weekly Association play. Where the same course is used, interface with the course should be done by league representatives. Some of the types of tournaments suggested are:

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C. Match Play Tournament

The Match Play tournament is a season long single elimination (except a consolation bracket for first round losers that assures everyone of at least two matches).  Rounds must be completed each month (first round by end of May, second round by end of June, etc).  Matches are scheduled (time, place, and length) by mutual agreement of the two opponents and are not restricted to LMGL courses.  Matches can be 9 holes or 18 holes (if mutual agreement). LMGL handicaps and match play rules apply.  If matches are not completed on schedule, a coin flip will be used to determine winner.  Match Play  progress/results will be available on the Golf web.

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III. PRIZES/TROPHIES

Prizes shall be awarded as approved by the Executive Committee. Awards cost may be supplemented using LMTS contributions.

A. Eligibility

All established members of the Lockheed Martin Golf Association in "good standing" are eligible for prizes. "Good standing" shall be attained by having paid all current dues.  

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B. League  Prizes

Substitutes outside their registered league and non-established members cannot win league prizes other than golf balls.

* A player must be 1) registered in and 2) have completed at least three rounds in that league during the season to be awarded a year-end league prize. In the event of a tie for low season gross, low season net, or most-improved player, all players involved will be awarded a trophy.

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C. Tournament Prizes

All established members of the Lockheed Martin Golf Association in "good standing" are eligible for tournament prizes. "Good standing" shall be attained by having paid all current dues and the tournament entry fee.  Awarding of tournament prizes to other participants is at the discretion of the tournament directors.

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IV. RULES OF PLAY

The rules of play for all Lockheed Martin Golf Association events shall be "The Rules of Golf" as approved by the United States Golf Association and the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland. The rules for the then-current calendar year shall be those which apply. "Stroke Play"  rules are used monthly tournaments and "Match Play" rules as defined in the Rules of Golf are used for weekly Leauge play, play-offs, and  LMGA Match Play Tournament.

In order to speed play in Lockheed Martin Golf Association team events, as well as special and one-day tournaments, the following special rules shall apply:

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Appendix A - Guidelines for the Executive Committee

The following chronological guidelines for the Executive Committee (EC) and specific job descriptions for its members are in accordance with the Lockheed Martin Golf Association Constitution and intended to assist the EC to achieve a smooth operation of the Association from year to year.  A Microsoft Project plan is available on the LMGA Golf web which shows the yearly sequence of tasks and events carried out by the LMGA officers..

1.0 The President will formulate the newly elected members of the Executive Committee by 1 March.

2.0 The EC will structure the Lockheed Martin Golf Association by dividing its total membership into leagues to ensure competition within each league, equal opportunities for participation for all players, and consideration of the geographical distribution of Lockheed Martin work locations and courses in the Twin Cities area. Refer to the Association league structure table in this document.

3.0 The EC will select courses for the team competition to best suit the selected Association structure and obtain the desired dates for play and specific tee times.

4.0 The Treasurer and President will develop and negotiate a Association budget with the Lockheed Martin Employee Services Office by the requested date.

5.0 The EC will set fees for participating in various Association events:

1. Yearly Association Fee @ $10 
2. Each League @ $10 

6.0 The President will offer membership to the Lockheed Martin Golf Association in a general distribution memo to Lockheed Martin (or its predecessors) employees, former employees, and retirees.

NOTE : Members may join up to three different teams, but not more than one team in a league.

7.0 The Handicapper will collect membership fees for players and formulate teams for competition.

8.0 The EC will establish team competition, special tournaments, and other events.

9.0 League Reps will develop detailed schedules for team competition considering specific courses, days of the week, national and company holidays, tournaments, tee times, opponents, etc., (templates found in the appendix may be of assistance). The schedule shall be split into halves. The winning team of a particular league in the first half will engage the winning team of the second half of that same league in a play-off to determine the winner of that same league. Each League Representative will coordinate these schedules directly with the golf courses to ensure availability of the desired, reserved tee times at the various courses selected. Additionally, the President will coordinate with Lockheed Martin Employee Services and the LMGA Treasurer to ensure Association reservation fees are paid in a timely manner. Click here for sample Round Robin Schedules.

10.0 The appointed Rules Committee chairman shall select Rules Committee members. Three to seven members are recommended as follows:

l Chairman (appointed by the president
l Current Association President
l Current Association Vice President
l Up to four knowledgeable appointees from the general Association membership.

Knowledge of the Rules of Golf and long-term participation in the Association shall be sought to add consistency to the Rules Committee's actions. All appointees to the Rules Committee must be approved by a majority vote of the Executive Committee.

11.0 The President will formally kick-off the season's activities at the April Captain's Banquet where League Representatives will provide league schedules and the Handicapper will provide league rosters for every team. A representative from each team must be invited.

12.0 The Treasurer will procure prizes to be awarded during the weekly team competition (e.g., one golf ball to the low net player in each foursome).

13.0 The Treasurer will maintain the security of Association funds and keep detailed financial records for examination by the Executive Committee, the company, and the general membership.

14.0 The Handicapper will utilize existing computer programs to calculate 9-hole handicap indexes and course handicaps weekly for all Association members and maintain Association standings. Ensure that the 9-hole handicap indexes are computed according to the guidelines in sections I.C-I.D of this document.

15.0 The President will form a Nominating Committee during the season to put together a slate of officers and conduct an election prior to the Awards Banquet. The election results will be announced at the Awards Banquet.

16.0 The President will organize a banquet to be held at the end of the season in mid-October:

Reserve a facility
Coordinate services
Conduct the program

17.0 The Treasurer will pay salaried officers (see salary schedule under 15.0 of this appendix), prize winning players, all Association accounts payable, and maintain a small reserve to ensure an active bank account between seasons.

18.0 The Database Administrator will close out the current season's database, provide year end summaries, and prepare the system for the start of the following golf season.

19.0 The President will appoint in the Fall an auditor who will review the LMGA financial records after the Treasurer closes out the current season.  Any discrepancies will be reported immediately to the President.  Otherwise the auditor will report that the financial records are in good shape at the Captain's Dinner in the Spring.

Specific Job Descriptions for the Executive Committee

1.0 The President shall take responsibility for specific guideline numbers 1,6,11,15,16, 19.

2.0 The Vice President shall:

1) Prepare to become the LMGA president in the following year
2) Make arrangements for prizes at the Fall Banquet
3) Assist the President as required

3.0 The Treasurer shall take responsibility for specific guideline numbers 4,5,12,13,16,17.

4.0 The Handicapper shall take responsibility for specific guideline numbers 2,11,13,14,17.

1) shall educate League Representatives as to the procedure for entry of the scores.

5.0 The League Representatives shall take responsibility for specific guideline numbers 2,3,8,9,11.

6.0 The Tournament Director shall take responsibility for specific guideline number 8.

1) Determine the number and format of Association tournaments to be held during the season.
2) Schedule the tournament dates with course management.
3) Send tournament announcements to Association membership, and collect fees as appropriate.
4) Record tournament scores and award prizes.
5) Assure applicable tournament scores are entered into the handicapping system on the next work day following the tournament.

7.0 The Rules Committee Chairman will take responsibility for specific guideline number 10.

6.0 The Database Administrator shall take responsibility for specific guideline number 18.

1) Maintain the golf program, correcting logic errors and/or debug/upgrade the program as needed.
2) Assist the Handicapper in extraordinary problems encountered in the operation of the golf program.
3) Assist the Handicapper in the initial setup of the golf program database at the beginning of the golf season.
4) Educate the Handicapper in the operation and the handling of the golf program and its associated databases.
5) Maintain and update the LMGA Golf Intranet Website.
6) The golf program must reside on a computer system at Lockheed Martin Corporation. This system must provide reasonable accessibility to authorized LMGA members.

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Appendix B - Collection of Prepaid Green Fees

For courses used by the LMGA which require prepaid fees as a condition for allowing our team competition on their facility, the following procedures are recommended:

Each team captain is responsible to provide to the appropriate respective League Representative the full amount of green fees, for his/her team, not later than noon, two days prior to each regularly scheduled team competition. The League Representative is then responsible to prepay these fees to the course prior to team play.

While each team may collect and account for their fees in a way of their own choosing, the Executive Committee recommends the following:

Prior to play, all players should contribute to a "kitty" held by the captain, an amount sufficient to cover the team's first night fees. Thereafter, each scheduled team member should be responsible for pre-paying fees (to the captain) prior to each night of play. In order to control financial accountability when player substitutions are involved, it is recommended that full responsibility to the captain should rest with the scheduled player.

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Last updated: February 29, 2008.