p. 33
December 1,2000 36 million people around the world w/ AIDS
HIV causes AIDS.
Every 15 seconds – someone is infected w/ AIDS (240 people per hour)
HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) p.35
p. 34
definition Pathogens – germs that cause a disease
Found
In the air
On hands
On drinking glasses & eating utensils
On objects like pencils and phones
Definition
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)
A disease or diseases passed from person to person through sexual contact (intercourse or intimate sexual contact)
Pathogens found in body fluids and passed during intimate sexual contact when the moist membranes touch other moist membranes
People have a greater chance of getting a disease if they have sexual contact with more that one person.
Most cases of these diseases are found in people between
the ages of 15 & 25.
People of any age can get an STD!
p. 35
Definitions KNOW THESE
AIDS is defined as having a T-cell count of less than 200 p.38
HIV weakens the body’s natural system of defense against
pathogens – our immune system
T-cell - white blood cell that helps other white blood cells fight pathogens by signaling for them to release antibodies into the blood stream.
Antibody - protein produced by the immune system that attaches to and disarms a pathogen
Teenagers think that they are:
Immortal
Invulnerable
Infertile
p. 36
How HIV weakens the Immune System
1. HIV enters the body.
2. HIV enters the bloodstreams and attaches to and then enters the T-cell and
other white blood cells.
3. HIV becomes part of the cell’s genetic code.
4. HIV directs the cell to make thousands of new viruses. When the new
viruses break out of the cell, they destroy the cell.
HIV does NOT survive in the environment (air, on skin or on surfaces).
NOT SPREAD by touching, hugging, or even by normal, closed mouth kissing.
ONLY WAY TO BECOME INFECTED with HIV is to receive into the body certain body fluids, such as blood or genital secretions, from an infected person.
p. 37 The Effects
of HIV
Doctors can test the blood for antibodies to see if a person is infected w/HIV.
People with HIV are INFECTED FOR THE REST OF THEIR LIVES.
Even if
they do not have the AIDS disease – they can give the virus to others.
Infected with the HIV virus
No outward signs or symptoms for 6 months to 10+ years but can spread the disease
Symptomatic HIV Infection p. 38
Definition: The period in which
an HIV-infected person has symptoms associated with AIDS but before
opportunistic diseases or deficient T-cell count occur.
First symptoms of the illness
Loses weight
Feels tired
Swollen glands
Night sweats
Fever
Diarrhea
Symptoms can last 3 wks. or longer – go away – reappear
Just like the FLU
Have to tell your MD that you are
sexually active
Even if you use protection
AIDS
T-cell count below 200
Opportunistic
Diseases
Description: attack AIDS patients whose weakened immune
systems cannot fight them off.
Two common opportunistic diseases:
Kaposi’s sarcoma – rare skin cancer
PCP – rare form of pneumonia
DEATH – usually occurs within five years
P. 39
1. Intimate Sexual Contact
includes intimate sexual contact
in which a person’s sex organs touch or enter the openings of another persons body
2. Injecting Drugs
using needles or syringes that another infected person has used even sharing needles for piercing or tattoos
stuck by contaminated needle
3. Mother to Baby
placenta to the baby
passing through the vagina during birth
Health care workers can be infected
Stuck by contaminated needle
Blood gets into their eyes or open cuts or scratches
Being bitten by a contaminated person that the skin is broken
p. 40
Abstinence
Mutual monogamy having one partner for life
Avoid
injecting drugs
TESTING & TREATMENT for HIV Infection and AIDS
Blood tested
1. ELISA test
2. WESTERN blot test
if one of the above is positive then the other test is given to confirm
The combination of these two tests is very accurate.
p. 41
People who have AIDS need to take care of themselves
Live in clean surroundings
Eat balanced meals
Exercise if possible
Keep a positive mental attitude
AIDS patients need a lot of care and understanding from family and friends
THE IMPACT of AIDS on SOCIETY
New Jersey as of JUNE 1999
Bergen County
AIDS cases 1689
HIV infected 434
State TOTALS
AIDS cases 38,549
HIV infected 14,546
FOUR COMMON SEXUAL TRANSMITTED DISEASES p. 42-44
Chlamydia
Males – urinary organs may be badly damaged
Risk for HIV if exposed
§ Cured with antibiotics
Genital
Herpes
§ Gets blisters on the penis, around the vagina or in the genital areas
Blisters appear anywhere from 2 – 20 days after sexual contact
Painful and fill with fluid, then burst, form scabs and finally heal
§ Spread by direct skin to skin contact
§ Repeated flare ups –usually when they are tired or emotionally upset
§ NO CURE
§ When sores are present – increased risk for HIV exposure
§ Can harm an unborn baby as it passes down the mother’s birth canal – MD’s will usually do a C-section – but almost have of these babies die. PREGNANT WOMAN has to tell her doctor that she has Genital Herpes in order to provide the best medical care for her baby.
NOTE: Herpes without the work genital could be a fever blister or even chicken pox which are part of the Herpes family but a virus causes these.
Gonorrhea
§ Infects the urethra and the cervix of women, the urethra of men, and other parts of the body
§ Similar symptoms as Chlamydia
Pus like fluid coming out of the penis or vagina
Pain or tingling during urination
§ Untreated – causes scar tissue (can leave both men & women sterile)
§ Gets into the blood stream – damage the joints, liver, and skin
§ Lead to PID in women
§ Antibiotics can cure if gotten once it is detected
§ Lack of immediate care may cause DEATH
§ First stage
Chancre at the site where the bacteria entered the body
Tip of the penis
Opening of the vagina
This is a sore that usually causes no pain
Appears about 3 weeks after sexual contact / will go away in about 2 weeks, with or without treatment.
THE DISEASE IS STILL IN THE BODY
§ Second stage
“FLU” like symptoms
mild fever
swollen glands
sore throat
rash
achy joints
occurs within 6 to 20 weeks of the first stage
§ Third stage
May not appear for 3 to 20 years or more
Tissues and organs are destroyed, causing
Blindness
Mental illness
Heart disease
Death
IF TREATED BEFORE THE THIRD STAGE, syphilis can be cured with penicillin or other antibiotics.
§
A person can have more than one STD at the same time
§
Can catch the disease again after being cured
§
STD’s are becoming more difficult to treat because
they are becoming RESISTANT to the medicines that are used to cure them.
§
Some STD’s are not yet curable at all.
Genital Warts - females should have annual PAP test to check for cervical cancer
as there are five strains associated with this STD.
Vaginitis – “cottage cheese” discharge
Can be cured with a drug but all partners must be treated
Males usually show no signs but can be spreading the STD
Yeast infection – foul smelling same treatment as for vaginitis
NOTE: some women are susceptible to yeast infections because of their diet
They can use OTCs to cure but it becomes an STD if they have intimate sexual contact before curing the infection.
Passes in blood contact (which is why we wear gloves & must do special blood clean ups in school)
Liver damage
Can be fatal
p. 45
PREVENTION OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
Abstinence
Mutual monogamy
COMMON WARNING SIGNS OF STDs
§
Pus-like fluid coming from the penis or vagina
§
Itching, burning, rash or pain around the penis or
vagina
§
Blisters, sores or growths in the genital area
§
Need to urinate frequently
§
Pain with urination
§
Bad smelling odor from genitals
§
Swollen glands and fever
Early medical treatment of STD prevents permanent damage
like sterility, disease, or death and helps your chances of being cured.
Definitions – copy your own list from your book
Need to know these for the test
Know bold information.