VOCABULARY Unit 1 VOCABULARY * UNITARY GOVERNMENT * FEDERAL GOVERNMENT * CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT * EXECUTIVE BRANCH * LEGISLATIVE BRANCH * JUDICIAL BRANCH UNITARY GOVERNMENT * UNITARY GOVERNMENT: * POWER OF THE GOVERNMENT IS HELD BY CENTRAL AGENCY – ONE OR A SMALL GROUP OF PEOPLE. * MOST GOVERNMENT’S IN THE WORLD ARE UNITARY. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT * FEDERAL GOVERNMENT: * POWER OF THE GOVERNMENT IS DIVIDED BETWEEN CENTRAL AND REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS. * A DOCUMENT LEGALLY SEPERATES THIS DIVISION OF POWER AND CAN’T BE CHANGED * BOTH LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT EST. LAWS, OFFICIALS, AGENCIES, ETC. CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT * CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT: * A CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT IS AN ALLIANCE OF INDEPENDENT COUNTRIES (STATES). * CENTRAL GOVERNMENT HAS LIMITED POWER AND IS VERY WEAK. * REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS CONTROL ALL OF THE POWER – LOOK AFTER THEMSELVES. EXECUTIVE BRANCH * AGENCY IN CHARGE OF RATIFYING LAWS * ENFORCING LAWS * HOLDING DIPLOMATIC MEETINGS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES * RECOGNIZED AS THE “HEAD OF STATE” LEGISLATIVE BRANCH * AGENCY IN CHARGE OF CREATING LAWS * CONTROLS THE MONEY AND ITS ALLOCATION FOR THE GOVERNMENT * REPRESENTS THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE * TYPICALLY AN ELECTED BODY OF OFFICIALS * BICAMERAL – TWO HOUSES * UNICAMERAL – ONE HOUSE VOCABULARY * JUDICAL BRANCH * POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY JUDICIAL BRANCH * AGENCY IN CHARGE OF INTERPRETING THE LAWS CREATED * TYPICALLY CONSISTS OF JUDGES * JUDGES PRESIDE OVER CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURT CASE ISSUES POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY * GOVERNMENT CAN EXIST ONLY WITH THE CONSENT OF THE PEOPLE. * IT IS THE PEOPLE WHO HOLD THE POWER; NOT THE GOVERNMENT VOCABULARY * CONSTITUTION * LIMITED GOVERNMENT * SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY CONSTITUTION * A DOCUMENT THAT ESTABLISHES THE RULES, ACTIONS, LIMITS FOR CONDUCTING A GOVERNMENT. * MAY BE WRITTEN OR UNWRITTEN LIMITED GOVERNMENT * GOVERNMENT IS LIMITED IN WHAT IT CAN DO * EACH INDIVIDUAL HAS CERTAIN RIGHTS THAT GOVERNMENT CAN’T TAKE AWAY SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY * GOVERNMENT HAS A DUTY TO PROTECT ITS PEOPLE AND PROVIDE FOR THEM. * MOST IMPORTANT RIGHTS: LIFE, LIBERTY, PROPERTY * IF THE GOVERNMENT BREAKS THIS CONTRACT OR VIOLATES THESE RIGHTS, THE PEOPLE MAY OVERTHROW THE GOVERNMENT. * DEVELOPED BY JOHN LOCKE AND THOMAN HOBBES. VOCABULARY * MERCANTILISM * ROYAL CHARTER * PROPRIETARY CHARTER MERCANTILISM * ECONOMIC SYSTEM * ALL TRADE IS DONE WITHIN THE EMPIRE INCLUDING COLONIES * IT IS ILLEGAL TO TRADE OUTSIDE OF THE EMPIRE. * MONEY TRADED WITH COUNTRIES OUTSIDE OF THE EMPIRE IS LOST. * BEING KICKED OUT OF THE EMPIRE MEANS UNABLE TO TRADE WITH ANYONE AND MONEY BECOMES WORTHLESS ROYAL CHARTER * SUBJECT TO DIRECT CONTROL OF THE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT * THE KING APPOINTS THE GOVERNOR * KING APPOINTS THE COUNSIL (LEGISLATIVE BRANCH) FOR THE COLONY * THE COUNSIL SUPPLIED JUDGES APPOINTED BY THE KING PROPRIETARY CHARTER * SUBJECT TO DIRECT CONTROL OF THE OWNER * THE OWNER APPOINTS THE GOVERNOR * OWNER APPOINTS THE COUNSIL (LEGISLATIVE BRANCH) FOR THE COLONY * THE COUNSIL SUPPLIED JUDGES APPOINTED BY THE OWNER VOCABULARY * SUPPLY AND DEMAND * SCARCITY * COST OF LIVING ADJUSTMENT SUPPY AND DEMAND * SUPPLY – THE AMOUNT OF GOODS AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE * DEMAND – THE AMOUNT OF “NEED” FOR SPECIFIC GOODS * “D” IS HIGH AND “S” IS LOW = HIGH PRICES * “D” IS LOW AND “S” IS HIGH = LOWER PRICES SCARCITY * WHEN THE AMOUNT OR TYPE OF GOOD PEOPLE NEED IS IN SHORT SUPPLY. * IF “D” IS HIGH AND “S” IS SCARCE = HIGHER PRICES COST OF LIVING ADJUSTMENT * C.O.L.A. * INCREASE IN SALARY BY EMPLOYER WHEN THE COST FOR RENT, FOOD, GAS, OTHER NECESSARY GOODS GOES UP.