| Roberts, Joey Mr. Haskell World History 8 March 2005 ESLR 1, 2 and 4 Russian Revolution Study Guide Chapter 28 1. Soviet: councils or workers and soldiers. In Petrograd and other Russian cities in March 1917 soviets were set up. 2. Command Economy: government officials made all basic economic decisions. The Soviet Union under Stalin�s Five Year Plan developed a command economy bring all economic activity under government control. 3. Collective: large farm owned and operated by peasants as a group. On collectives peasants were allowed to keep their houses and personal belongings but all animals and implements were to be turned over to the collective. 4. Kulak: wealthy peasant. Stalin sough to destroy the Kulaks because they rebelled by destroying farms and thus hurting the economy, these kulaks were sent to labor camps where thousands died or were killed. 5. Totalitarian State: form of government in which a one party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens. Stalin turned the Soviet Union into this using secret police and other types of enforcement to control the people. 6. Socialist Realism: form or artwork or writing that was used to boost socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light. Stalin forced artists and writers under his rule to portray hope in the socialist future. 7. Lenin: Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov aka Lenin was born in 1870 to a middle class family. When he came back from exile in Switzerland through Germany Lenin quickly rose to power with the Bolsheviks at his side. 8. Osip Mandelstam: Mandelstam was a Jewish poet who wrote a satirical poem verse about Stalin. He was imprisoned, tortured, and exiled for this under the censorship laws, and fearing for his wife he wrote an �Ode to Stalin�. 9. Nicholas II: After the revolution of 1905 Nicholas had failed to solve Russia�s basic problems. Discontent finally sparked revolutions and in March of 1917 the first of two revolutions would topple the Romanov dynasty. 10. Gregory Rasputin: Rasputin was an illiterate Siberian peasant who was not an actual monk and was in fact worldly. No one believed his powers more than Alexandra the czarina, members of the Duma saw this and a group of 5 plotted to kill him. He died not of poison or gunshots, but drowning in a river. 11. Joseph Stalin: Lenin�s sudden death in 1924 set off a power struggle among the top Soviet Communist leaders. Born to a poor Georgian family, he grew involved in the revolution and joined the Bolshevik underground only to rise to power as a behind the scenes man. 12. Stalin�s 5 Year Plan: Stalin�s five year plan was proposed in 1928. Its purpose was to build heavy industry, improve transportation, and increase farm output to protect against past defeats Stalin said came as a result of economic backwardness. 13. Socialist Realism: The goal of socialist realism was to boost socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive outlook. The artists overall message had to promote hope, using themes like workers, but most of all Stalin. 14. Totalitarian State: form of government in which a one party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens. Stalin turned the Soviet Union into this form of government to control every aspect of the country. 15. Anna Akhmatova: Anna was one of Russia�s great poets who fell out of favor because her poetry did not reflect communist ideas. She wrote �Requiem� in which she described trying to visit her 20 year old imprisoned son. 16. V.I. Lenin: Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov aka Lenin was born in 1870 to a middle class family. When he came back from exile in Switzerland through Germany Lenin quickly rose to power with the Bolsheviks at his side. 17. Mikhail Sholokhov: Russian writer who described the civil war in his book And Quiet Flows the Don. He won the 1965 Nobel Prize for literature. 18. Joseph Stalin: Lenin�s sudden death in 1924 set off a power struggle among the top Soviet Communist leaders. Born to a poor Georgian family, he grew involved in the revolution and joined the Bolshevik underground only to rise to power as a behind the scenes man. 19. Leon Trotsky: Trotsky was a Russian Revolution leader who was a leader of the Bolshevik Revolution. He was later expelled from the Communist Party and banished for his opposition to the authoritarianism of Stalin and his emphasis on world revolution in his writings. Trotsky was murdered at the hands of Stalin while in exile in Mexico. 20. Socialist Revolution: Socialist revolutionaries set up soviets. At first the soviets worked democratically within the government, but before long, the Bolsheviks took charge led by Lenin. 21. Bolshevik Revolution: The Bolsheviks were an elite group to lead the revolution and set up a dictatorship of the proletariat. Though this group was made up of a small majority of the socialists, Lenin, the leader, gave them the name Bolsheviks which means majority. 22. Lenin�s New Economic Policy: Under Lenin�s economic policy every aspect of the economy would be controlled by the government. This total control of the economy was called a totalitarian state in which quotas were expected to be met on penalty of punishment. 23. Stalin: Stalin means man of steel. He was just that, with a cold, unbreakable heart when it came to politics. 24. Stalin�s 5 Year Plan: Stalin�s five year plan was proposed in 1928. Its purpose was to build heavy industry, improve transportation, and increase farm output to protect against past defeats Stalin said came as a result of economic backwardness. 25. The Arts under Stalin: The arts were strictly controlled during Stalin�s rule. Stalin thought that art, poetry etc should reflect Soviet life in a positive manner and if it didn�t there was a heavy penalty. 26. List three causes of the 1917 revolution in Russia: One cause of the 1917 Russian Revolution was disasters on the battlefield from WWI. Another cause was food shortages due in part to WWI. Finally, fuel shortages on the home front all led to the downfall of the monarchy. |