Earth’s Crust Practice Test
Grade 7
Name: ______________________________ Date: ___________________
1) Match the words with their definition
|
Chemical weathering |
|
A type of weathering that occurs because of living things |
|
Mechanical weathering |
|
Decaying plant and animal material in the soil |
|
Biological weathering |
|
A process used by farmers to prevent the loss of nutrients. It involves planting a different plant in a field each year. |
|
Zero tillage |
|
A type of weathering that occurs when rocks collide |
|
Crop rotation |
|
A type of farming where fields are not ploughed each year. |
|
|
|
A type of weathering that occurs because of chemicals in water. |
|
Humus |
|
Rock that is mined because it contains a valuable mineral. |
2) For each example, label what type of weathering is taking place.
a) Tree roots from a tree growing on the side of a cliff causes rocks to break off __________________
b) Smooth rocks found on a beach ______________________________
c) A paved driveway is cracked because of the roots from a nearby tree ______________________
d) The weathering of an old statue because of acid rain ____________________________
e) A red brick house is sand blasted to make the bricks look new ________________________
3) On the diagram below, label the levels of the earth.
4) Why is the inner core of the earth solid, even though it is so hot?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5) What two metals are found in large quantities in the centre of the earth? Explain why.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6) Why isn’t it possible to identify all minerals by colour? Use an example.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7) a) A large mineral deposit is discovered just outside of Markdale. The deposit is deep underground. What 2 methods of mining could be used to mine the deposit?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b) Pick one method listed in question 7a. Describe that type of mining in detail.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8) How do mine operators ensure that tailings ponds are environmentally safe? Include a diagram of a tailings pond in your answer.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9) Water is an agent of both mechanical and chemical weathering. Explain.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10) a) What four components must soil have in order for plants to grow?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b) What component of fertile soil makes it a dark brown or black colour? Why is this component so important for plant growth?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
11) Some plants, such as cacti, must live in environments where there is little water in the soil. What kind of soil mixture do these plants need? Explain why.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
12) Explain how the use of heavy machinery causes problems with the soil.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
13) A farmer comes to you and asks you how to reduce erosion on his/her field. What two suggestions would you give?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14) In the table below, list the three types of sedimentary rocks. Briefly describe each type.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15) In many parts of the world, there are large areas of sedimentary rock that extend for hundreds of kilometres. What does this tell you about the ancient history of these areas?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
16) Draw a series of diagrams that shows how layers of sediment in a lake turn to rock over time.