NANOSOLAR
UPDATED DECEMBER 10, 2005
Konarka: Giant Leap With Nano-based Solar Power
NANO-PROPRIETARY
Silicon nanoparticles embedded in polymer matrix
United States Patent Application 20040126582
Ng, Kwok; et al.,
July 1, 2004

Abstract
An organic polymer is used to disperse nanoparticles, such as silicon nanoparticles. The polymer
matrix separates the silicon nanoparticles from each other, thus preventing them from aggregating
to form clusters. The resulting silicon nanoparticles can then photoluminescence at the desired wavelengths.
Such a polymer matrix with evenly dispersed silicon nanoparticles can also be used within a solar cell to
increase the efficiency of such solar cell.


The above NNPP development could make a good fit/connection/working relationship/partnership with
Hydrogen Solar of the UK!
HYDROGEN SOLAR
Nanotech aids green hydrogen production
WO 01/02624 TANDEM CELL FOR WATER CLEAVAGE BY VISIBLE LIGHT
WO 02/09876 PHOTOCATALYTIC FILM OF IRON OXIDE,
ELECTRODE WITH SUCH A PHOTOCATALYTIC FILM,
METHOD OF PRODUCING SUCH FILMS,
PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WITH THE ELECTRODE AND
PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM WITH THE CELL,
FOR THE CLEAVAGE OF WATER INTO HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN
SI solar articles/KonarkaSolar-Cell Rollout Breakthroughs in nanotech are making it possible to churn out
cheap, flexible solar cells by the meter. Soon your cell phone may be powered by the sun./Day in the sun:
Christoph Brabec, Siemens�s plastic-solar-cell leader
MIT URL
Silicon-based photodetector is sensitive to ultraviolet light/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign/
The researchers have applied for a patent.
University of Toronto, Ted Sargent
Nanotechnologists' new plastic can see in the dark
"Our calculations show that, with further improvements in efficiency, combining infrared and
visible photovoltaics could allow up to 30 per cent of the sun's radiant energy to be harnessed,
compared to six per cent in today's best plastic solar cells."
Link to article
Link to second article
Link to ZD Net article
Link to Business Week article
Link to Nature Materials abstract
Link to Selected Biographical Information and Media Clippings
Boston College - Physics Team Sees Potential for 'Perfect' Solar Cell
Boston College physicists have teamed on a microscopic antenna that captures visible light in
much the same way that radio antennas capture radio waves.
They say the device, an array of carbon nanotubes one-70th of a human hair in length, may
significantly advance the conversion of solar energy into electricity, and allow cable hookups
thousands of times speedier than current broadband.
"An ultimate aim is the perfect solar cell that can convert light into electricity," at a much
higher rate of efficiency than conventional solar cells, said Prof. Kris Kempa (Physics), a lead
author of an article describing the invention in the Sept. 27 issue of Applied Physics Letters.
Link to article
Link to article with more details

Link to Applied Physics Letters
Georgia Tech - Carbon Nanotube Structures - Solar Power for Soldiers
Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) scientists have demonstrated an ability to precisely
grow "towers" composed of carbon nanotubes atop silicon wafers. The work could be the basis
for more efficient solar power for soldiers in the field.
Link to article
Nanosolar Inc. - Breakthrough in solar photovoltaics
A Palo Alto (California ) start-up, named Nanosolar Inc., founded in 2002,
claims that it has developed a commercial scale technology that can deliver
solar electricity at 5 cents per kilowatt-hour.
Link to article

United States Patent Application 20040250848 
Kind Code  A1 
Sager, Brian M. ;   et al.  December 16, 2004 
NANO-ARCHITECTED/ASSEMBLED SOLAR ELECTRICITY CELL
Abstract
Nano-architected/assembled solar cells and methods for their manufacture are disclosed.
The solar cells comprise oriented arrays of nanostructures wherein two or more different
materials are regularly arrayed and wherein the presence of two different materials
alternates. The two or more materials have different electron affinities. The two materials
may be in the form of matrixed arrays of nanostructures. The presence of the two different
materials may alternate within distances of between about 1 nm and about 100 nm. An
orientation can be imposed on the array, e.g. through solution deposition surfactant temptation
or other methods.
Inventors: Sager, Brian M.; (Palo Alto, CA) ; Roscheisen, Martin R.; (San Francisco, CA)


[0046] In one example, among others, of the dip-coating process, a substrate
is first coated with ethoxy polysiloxane surfactants in an ethanol solution. Upon
removal from the dipping solution, the ethanol evaporates within 60-120 seconds.
As evaporation proceeds, the molecules with a siloxane-surfactant micelle rearrange
themselves to minimize their collective energy level. This process continues as the
molecules further rearrange their nanoscale organization into highly regular
liquid-crystalline mesophases.
The resulting mesoporous films contain a high and
tunable density of regular pores spaced in 5 nm repeating patterns, with pore diameters
of 5 nm.
Such a process may achieve variability in pore diameter of less than 2%.
The resulting nanoscale architecture is highly reproducible, and can be permanently
fixed by heating. The resulting nanoscale architecture is extremely stable and
mechanically robust.
Link to patent filing
NNPP - Solar R&D
Nanotexturing for improving photovoltaic cells
Polymer nanoparticle composites for solar cells

Lynn Loo - UT(Austin) - Polymer Chips - Imprint Technology - Solar Cells
These are polymer chips, otherwise known as plastic. A particularly promising technology, 
...... a young Assistant Professor at the Institute of Materials at the University of Austin.
Link to PDF file
Sandia/Georgia Tech/Shelnutt/Wang/Splitting Water/Porphyrin Nanotubes
The key to making water-splitting nanodevices is the discovery by Zhongchun Wang of
nanotubes composed entirely of porphyrins. Wang is a postdoctoral fellow at the University
of Georgia working in Shelnutt�s Sandia research group.
Shelnutt says the nanodevice could efficiently use the entire visible and ultraviolet parts of
the solar spectrum absorbed by the tubes to produce hydrogen, one of the Holy Grails of chemistry.
These nanotube devices could be suspended in a solution and used for photocatalytic solar hydrogen
production.
Link to Sandia article
Link to RB message
Highly Efficient Multiple Exciton Generation in Colloidal PbSe and
PbS Quantum Dots
Randy J. Ellingson, Matthew C. Beard, Justin C. Johnson, Pingrong Yu,
Olga I. Micic, Arthur J. Nozik, Andrew Shabaev, and Alexander L. Efros

"We have shown that solar cells based on quantum dots theoretically could convert more than
65 percent of the sun's energy into electricity, approximately doubling the efficiency of solar cells,"
Nozik said. The best cells today convert about 33 percent of the sun's energy into electricity.
Link to article
Link to Nano Letter
NANERGY (ObjectSoft/GEMZ Corp)
About Nano-PV Films and Nanotechnology

The products being developed, which will be acquired as part of this transaction, are believed
to be the first to use PVNanofilm(TM), which combines thin films and nanotechnology so they
can also work indoors in most lighting situations. PVNanofilms have elements below 1000 and
even below 100 nanometers. The National Science Foundation (NSF) defines nanotechnology as
consisting of components and elements 1000 nanometers and under. (1 nanometer is one billions
of a meter or 10 Angstroms.
Link

�PV Nanofilms� for Consumer Applications
The Company is proposing to use a novel technology developed by TSDC for the PV consumer
applications. These �PV nanofilms� have the characteristics on a flexible substrate combining high
efficiency with low light level sensitivity. Amorphous silicon has such low light level sensitivity;
it operates down to one-thousandths of AN-1 light intensity. The PV nanofilms on a flexible substrate
have this low light level sensitivity, but at an efficiency twice that of amorphous silicon and greater.
R&D Efforts
GEMZ Corp. realizes that to overcome the challenges in this program, it must partner with a
technology company that can assemble a world class, multidisciplinary team to carry out the work.
TSDC has done this by bringing together experts in carbon nanotubes, batteries, and electrodes.
The experts come from both within Nanergy, in the US and in Hungary, and from two world-class
scientific organizations in Hungary, the University of Szeged, and the Research Institute for
Technical Physics and Materials Science.
Link
GE Global Research Develops 'Ideal' Carbon Nanotube Diode
The discovery of a photovoltaic effect in our nanotube device could lead to exciting breakthroughs
in solar cells that make them more efficient and a more viable alternative in the mainstream
energy market.
Link to article 1
Link to article 2
Link to APL abstract
University of Texas, Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization
CNT Sheets, Nanotech researchers report big breakthrough
In lab tests, the sheets demonstrated solar cell capabilities, using sunlight to produce electricity.
Link to article
Link to Science abstract 1
Link to Science abstract 2
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