Grammar - Pronoun
Pronoun
Personal pronouns
Nalheárlu has III persons in singular and IV persons in plural. The IVthperson always expresses an action performed by the Ancestors.
| singular | plural | |
| I | hu | lhu |
| II | ru | rlu * |
| III | cku | klu (lu) |
| IV | - | su |
The personal pronouns are used as personal verb endings.The IIIth person plural's towo variants are completely equal in most cases; klu is more precise and personal than lu, and they make a difference between two meanings of the verb rhi.
* ! When used as a verb ending, rlu is sometimes pronounced as [dlu] due to the phonetical inconvenience, e.g nalárirlu [na'laridlu]
Object pronouns
| singular | plural | |
| I | ho (he) | lho (lhe) |
| II | ro (re) | rlo (rle) |
| III | cko (cke) | lo (le) |
| IV | - | so (se) |
The use of ending -o or -e, if strictly, depends on whether it's a direct object (-o) or an indirect (-e). However, it doesn't make a great difference, actually, the native speakers don't always distnguish between them clearly themselves. Sometimes it just depends on how it sounds, and sometimes the whole ending is completely omitted if the next word begins with the same vowel, or simply with any vowel. The only fact is that these forms are widely used.
Notes
"Nobody" is expressed by the negative form of the verb in IVth person. If the Ancestors don't do something, it is obviuos that nobody does. There is no "somebody" or "anybody" in Nalheárlu, it's the Ancestors that do it.
Possessive pronouns are the same as personal, though in emoted speech they are usually ended with -ó instead of -u.
Emoted possessive pronouns
| singular | plural | |
| I | hó | lhó |
| II | ró | rló |
| III | ckó | ló |
| IV | - | só |
Both the object pronouns, placed before the related verb, and the possessive pronouns, placed before the related nouns, influence phonetically the first movable consonant of the next word (if it begins with one).
Thus,
pahárw [pa'hary] clothes
hu-pahárw [huba'hary]my clothes
keníhu [ke'nihu] I love
ro-keníhu [roge'nihu] I love you
Definitor
An important issue in Nalheárlu is the Definitor. It is the particle -bái that has approximately the meaning of a definite article or words like, this, exact, exactly, namely and so on. It is used after every word you would like to underline as exact.
ká-lal-bái-kà rhícku heráe reláiru pwrláick lala is it the exact animal you've seen yesterday?
Indefinitor
The opposite to Definitor is the Indefinitor, the particle -màr that gives the meaning of any, no matter which, and so on.
The rules of use are the same as these of the Definitor.
- ká-lal-bái-kà rhícku heráe reláiru pwrláick lala Is it the exact animal you've seen yesterday?
- kwrhícku, lal-bái kwrhícku, mu-lal-màr rhícku. No, it isn't, it's some other animal.