IDIOMA INTERMEDIO INTENSIVO

MOIRA SOTO

C.I. 8674742

Reading techniques for translations.

Scanning is a technique you often use when looking up a word in the telephone book or dictionary. You search for key words or ideas. In most cases, you know what you're looking for, so you're concentrating on finding a particular answer. Scanning involves moving your eyes quickly down the page seeking specific words and phrases. Scanning is also used when you first find a resource to determine whether it will answer your questions. Once you've scanned the document, you might go back and skim it.

When scanning, look for the author's use of organizers such as numbers, letters, steps, or the words, first, second, or next. Look for words that are bold faced, italics, or in a different font size, style, or colour. Sometimes the author will put key ideas in the margin.

Hints and tips for better scanning.

1. Don't try to read every word. Instead let your eyes move quickly across the page until you find what you are looking for.
2. Use clues on the page, such as headings and titles, to help you.

3. In a dictionary or phone book, use the 'header' words to help you scan. You can find these in bold type at the top of each page.

4. If you are reading for study, start by thinking up or writing down some questions that you want to answer. Doing this can focus your mind and help you find the facts or information that you need more easily.

5. Many texts use A-Z order. These include everyday materials such as the phone book and indexes to books and catalogues.

6. There are many ways to practise scanning skills. Try looking up a favourite recipe in the index of a cookbook, search for a plumber in your local Yellow Pages, or scan web pages on the Internet to find specific information.

Exercises

ANSWERS:

1. They start late November.

True
To sort and deliver parcels in the Reading area
People aged between 16 and 65 years.
Early, late or night shifts
It is occasional and it is based on good communications skills and the ability to work as part of a team.

7. False

£ 5.10 per hour

9. False

10. Elaine Grey

11. True

[email protected]
Yes, there is.
False
No, I do not.

Beauty with Botox

Botox injections are one of the most popular cosmetic treatments in the world. Celebrities like Madonna, Kylie Minogue and Liz Hurley are rumoured to be keeping the wrinkles at bay this way.
Sir Cliff Richard admitted to having had the treatment and now it is an increasingly popular choice for ordinary women looking for a quick way to look younger.

What is Botox?

Botox is made from 'botulinum toxin', a poison produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. This bacterium causes botulism - a severe form of food poisoning. In small quantities, however, Botox merely interrupts nerve impulses to muscles in the face.

Botox first began to be used in 1980 to treat many muscle disorders such as lazy eye, eye ticks and uncontrolled blinking. Cosmetic treatments were pioneered by dermatological surgeons in 1987. In small doses, Botox works by paralysing the muscles of the face which are used in frowning and raising the eyebrows. When these muscles relax, the fine lines and wrinkles smooth out. Unfortunately, when it is overdone, Botox treatment can leave the face with a lack of expression. This is reputed to have caused a problem for some actors.

Armpit attack

Botox is reportedly a favourite with Oscar nominees who don't want to work up a sweat on the red carpet. Some stars have injections in their armpits to paralyse the sweat glands there. This way they can receive their awards knowing they don't have sweaty patches under their arms and hand back their couture outfits unstained.

How long does it last?

Injections take effect about three to seven days after treatment and the effect lasts three or four months. A treatment costs roughly £200. With repeated treatments, atrophy or thinning of the muscles occurs, which produces longer lasting results. Botox may be unsuitable for use around the mouth as the muscles there are important for facial expressions and eating.

Side effects

Soreness or mild bruising can occur around the injection site. In rare instances patients may experience a droopy eyebrow or eyelid. Headaches can also occur. Since it is still a relatively new treatment, any possible side effects of long-term use are still unknown. Botox should only be administered by experienced and well-trained doctors or nurses. A high dose could cause poisoning, or an exaggerated effect.

Botox and Bollinger

Botox parties are causing concern amongst practitioners. People are receiving treatments whilst sipping champagne. The American Academy of Dermatology has warned against this practice. Alcohol and Botox do not mix well.

Not only can booze intensify bruising but it can also wash the toxin away from the target muscle.

Choose the right answer.

1: How do Botox injections in the armpits stop some celebrities from sweating at the Oscars?

The Botox causes the armpit muscles to relax.
The Botox develops into thin protective layers of gel.
The Botox paralyses the sweat glands.
The Botox tightens the skin in the armpits.

2: What is another phrase / word meaning 'thinning of the muscles'?

Clostridium botulinum
atrophy
botulinum toxin
Bollinger

3: Which of the following is NOT a possible side effect of using Botox?

headaches
blurred vision
droopy eyebrow
mild bruising

4: Which medical body has warned people against mixing Botox with alcohol?

The American Medical Association
The American Institute of Cosmetic Surgery
The American and Canadian Joint Medical Council
The American Academy of Dermatology

5: What is botulism?

a severe form of food poisoning
a severe form of blood poisoning
a severe form of liver damage
a severe form of dermatitis

6: Which of the following is a condition NOT initially intended to be treated using Botox?

lazy eye
eye ticks
puffy eyes
uncontrolled blinking

7: According to the article, which of the following celebrities is rumoured to have used Botox?

Jerry Hall
Judy Finnigan
Liz Hurley
Barbara Windsor

8: Actors can have problems if they have used too much Botox because:

Botox can leave the face with a lack of expression.
Botox can cause the mouth to droop.
Botox can lead to a speech impediment.
Botox can lead to a nervous tick.

9: For how long does the effect of using Botox last?

two to three months
three or four months
at least 6 months
nearly a year

10: Which bacterium produces the poison, botulinum toxin?

Clostridium botulinum
Clostride botulius
Botulinum clostridius
Botulinum clostridium

Look at the following Bus timetable for scanning

Choose the right answer.

1: At what time does the 08.42 bus from Murrayfield Drive arrive at Trenton Hospital on a Thursday?

08.59
09.02
09.22
11.02

2: At what time does the 10.49 bus from Trenton Parade arrive at Gately Road on a Monday?

11.10
12.10
12.15
11.55

3: If you need to be in the town centre by 11am on a Saturday morning, which bus do you need to catch from Tilfield Park?

07.58
10.04
10.00
11.59

4: If you need to be in the town centre by 10.30am on a Wednesday morning, which bus do you need to catch from Trenton Hospital?

11.02
08.02
08.10
09.02

5: If you want to arrive at The Broadwalk by 15.30 on a Tuesday, which bus do you need to catch from St. Clement's Church?

14.55
13.55
13.59
14.59

6: If you miss the 17.00 bus from Tilfield Park on a Friday, what time is the next bus?

17.03
17.12
18.03
18.07

7: If you miss the 08.10 bus from Gately Road on a Monday, when does the next bus arrive?

08.15
09.15
11.10
08.22

8: If you need to arrive at Trenton Hospital by 17.15 on a Sunday, which bus do you need to catch from Murrayfield Drive?

13.41
15.43
16.43
16.01

9: How long does the 11.42 bus journey take from Murrayfield Drive to Trenton Hospital on a Saturday?

19 minutes
20 minutes
21 minutes
22 minutes

10: If you need to be at Tilfield Park by 09.00 on a Thursday, which bus do you need to catch from Trenton Parade?

07.48
08.42
08.49
08.55