Vol. 10, issue 2 (Jul-Dec 2000)

Abstracts

• Ioannis Meladiotis (Laboratoire de Géologie, Departement du génie civil, Université Aristote de Thessaloniki, GR-540 06 Thessaloniki, Grèce): «Phénomènes de salinité des nappes aquifères exploitables de la région Sindos-Kalochori de la Préfecture de Thessalonique (Grèce)». Mining & Metallurgical Annals, vol. 10, issue 2, Jul-Dec 2000, pp. 19-32.

(RÉSUMÉ) Les nappes souterraines successives qui se localisent dans les sédiments quaternaires du pays plat occidental de la Préfecture de Thessalonique entre les rivières Axios et Gallikos, jouent un rôle considérable pour le développement économique et l’évolution démographique de la région, car elles sont les seules ressources d’eau qu’on peut exploiter pour alimenter en eau potable les communes précitées et la ville de Thessalonique mais aussi pour les besoins industriels.

Aujourd’hui, l’exploitation des nappes ci-dessus couvre le 25% des besoins journaliers en eau potable de la région urbaine de Thessalonique.

La perforation des nappes en eau saumâtre et la salinité de l’eau d’une dizaine de fo-rages d’exploitation nous ont mené de faire des recherches sur le terrain et au laboratoire pour déterminer à l’espace la distribution des polluants chimiques d’origine naturelle de l’eau exploitable.

D’après la recherche dans la région Sindos-Kalochori, on a déterminé quatre zones au sud et a l’ouest de Sindos et au nord de Kalochori, dont les teneurs en chlorures des eaux souterraines varient entre 400 et 3000 mg/L. (Article en grec.) © Mining & Metallurgical Annals, Hellenic Society of Mining & Metallurgical Engineers, 2000.

• Stylianos Tampouris, Nymphodora Papassiopi (National Technical University of Athens, Laboratory of Metallurgy, GR-157 80 Zografos, Attica, Greece): "Clean up of contaminated soils using soil washing and soil flushing techniques." Mining & Metallurgical Annals, vol. 10, issue 2, Jul-Dec 2000, pp. 33-52.

Soil contamination has been recognised as a worldwide problem, during the last decades of the 20th century. Since the beginning of the ’80s, the industrially developed countries have made a great effort to develop cost-effective soil decontamination technologies and have initiated the gradual rehabilitation of highly contaminated areas.
The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the soil washing and soil flushing techniques, which have attained significant industrial development in the European countries and recently in North America. These techniques are based on the use of appropriate aqueous solutions, which are mixed with or injected to the soil in order to obtain the removal of contaminants. The term soil washing is used when the soil is excavated and treated ex-situ in a fixed or mobile treatment facility. Soil flushing is applied in-situ, by passing the aqueous solution through the contaminated soil, using an injection or infiltration process. For these two techniques, the main principle, the successive treatment stages and the applicability, with respect to pollutants form and soil type, are briefly described and indicative cost data are provided. Emphasis is given in the industrial experience and characteristic case histories of full-scale applications are presented, in order to illustrate the real possibilities and limitations of the above techniques. (Article in Greek.) © Mining & Metallurgical Annals, Hellenic Society of Mining & Metallurgical Engineers, 2000.

• Nymphodora Papassiopi, Stylianos Tampouris (National Technical University of Athens, Laboratory of Metallurgy, GR-157 80 Zografos, Attica, Greece): "Clean up of contaminated soils using electroreclamation techniques." Mining & Metallurgical Annals, vol. 10, issue 2, Jul-Dec 2000, pp. 53-64.
 
Electroreclamation techniques are included amongst the innovative soil cleanup methods, which can be applied in-situ and have achieved a pre-commercial level of development during the last decade. They are based on the application of an electric field between electrodes, placed inside the contaminated soil, and have been successfully applied for the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants in demo-scale field tests. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the current development level of the electrokinetic techniques. The principle of the method is briefly discussed and emphasis is given in the practical experience from large scale demonstration projects. Characteristic case studies are presented and available performance and cost data are summarised. (Article in Greek.) © Mining & Metallurgical Annals, Hellenic Society of Mining & Metallurgical Engineers, 2000.
• Pandora Psyllaki (Laboratoire de Recherches sur la Réactivité des Solids, UMR 5613 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France): "Microstructure and properties of Ti/TiN ultra-thin films." Mining & Metallurgical Annals, vol. 10, issue 2, Jul-Dec 2000, pp. 65-78.

Ultra-thin hard coatings, with low friction coefficient, elaborated by physical or chemical vapour deposition techniques, are used to increase the wear lifetime of cutting edges. In industrial scale, the nitride films - especially the TiN ones - find wide appllications. However, in cases of cyclic loading, the low fatigue resistance of the TiN leads to the unexpected cracking of the film. In order to ameliorate the performance of TiN films, the possibility of realising multi-layered films of the type: metal/ceramic was investigated, during the past 10 years. Until now, the relevant research is, mainly, focused, on the influence of the deposition parameters on the microstructure and the intrinsic stresses of these films, whilst only a small amount of scientific work is referred to the mechanical characteristics of these films and to their behaviour under mechanical loading. The aim of the present study is to indicate the extreme importance of this type of ultra-thin films for the protection of small-size objects, since the positive role of multi-layered or gradient microstructures is well known, in the case of materials that are used for large-size constructions. © Mining & Metallurgical Annals, Hellenic Society of Mining & Metallurgical Engineers, 2000.
 
• Konstantinos G. Tsakalakis (National Technical University of Athens, Dept. of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, GR-157 80 Zografos, Attica, Greece): "The important role of the Greek cement and concrete industry, and new trends towards the environmentally friendly production and use of cement and concrete." Mining & Metallurgical Annals, vol. 10, issue 2, Jul-Dec 2000, pp. 79-92.

Cement and its main product the concrete are considered among the most important building materials around the world. Cement consumption and production are closely related to construction activity and therefore to the general economic activity.

The main objective of this article is to show through economic considerations, not only the important role of the Greek cement industry, but also its very significant relation to the mining activity sector (raw materials and aggregates extractive industry). It is thus shown that the revenues from the cement products contribute highly to the gross domestic product.

Another objective is to present the new trends in the cement industry aiming to the environmental control in the whole production process (cement and concrete production and use). Since cement industry is a highly energy intensive process, energy consumption is the biggest environmental concern with cement and concrete production.
The very high temperatures prevailing in a cement kiln can help towards the reduction of our hazardous waste problems. These wastes are burned in the kiln producing energy for the cement industry. This practice contributes also to the reduction of greenhouse gases (CO_2, NO_x, etc.) emissions in the atmosphere. © Mining & Metallurgical Annals, Hellenic Society of Mining & Metallurgical Engineers, 2000.

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