The linguistic stock and culture of the Indians of the Riverways has been ever changing and continued over thousands of years. The flow from north to south was slowed for periods as clans found habitat to feed their needs and occupied it to build villages. Some turned to farming and crafts and became less warlike but more numerous. If the number became large enough they were called tribes. Often tribes united under councils for mutual protection. Some more savage and restless clans moved around the outer edge of the council area and caused wars between tribes but if the council area was invaded from another tribe all would unite to repel the invader.
The culture to occupy the Riverways area was the Caddoian but as has happened since man has established homes and villages some other group was to drive them out of their area. This time it was the Peptrie (small) Osage and Arkyae tribes. These tribes allied to Grande (large) Osage were part of the "Siouin dialect" that developed from the "Algonkin linguistic" stock and were members of the "Dakota Council." They gradually pushed the Caddoes from the Riverways downriver to the bottomlands of the lower Riverways where they built cities and developed crafts and farming. They fought many wars over their early homeland as there were many fruits, berries, nuts and game in the Riverways. They were to remain in their bottomland locations till the arrival of the white man.