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Aluminium (Al)

Antimony (Sb)

Barium (Ba)

Bismuth (Bi)

Cadnium (Cd)

Calcium (Ca)

Carbon (C)

Chromium (Cr)

Cobalt (Co)

Copper (Cu)

Gold (Au)

Iron (Fe)

Lead (Pb)

Magnesium (Mg)

Manganese (Mn)

Molybdenum (Mo)

Nickle (Ni)

Platnum (Pt)

Radium (Ra)

Silicon (Si)

Silver (Ag)

Tin (Sn)

Titanium (Ti)

Uranium (U)

Zinc (Zn)

Zirconium (Zr)

GEOGRAPHY

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Highest Mountains:

Largest Lakes

Longest Rivers:

Deepest Ocean

• The average ocean depth exceeds 3,659m.

MOON

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The only natural satellite of Earth, it displays only 59% of its surface to a terrestrial observer. This is due to the period of axial rotation being equal to that of orbit, a "captured rotation".

The hidden side was first scanned by the Russian sattellite Lunik III in October 1959.

MORSE CODE

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PLANETS

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Distance from Sun (millions of kilometres)- 57.6

Diameter (km.)- 4,800

Time in days to orbit Sun- 88

Distance from Sun (millions of kilometres)- 107.5

Diameter (km.)- 12.240

Time in days to orbit Sun- 225

Distance from Sun (millions of kilometres)- 148.6

Diameter (km.)- 12,680

Time in days to orbit Sun- 3651/4

Polar diameter- 12,638 km; Equatorial diameter- 12,681 km

Distance from Sun (millions of kilometres)- 226.4

Diameter (km.)- 6,720

Time in days to orbit Sun- 687

Distance from Sun (millions of kilometres)- 773.3

Diameter (km.)- 141,920

Time in days to orbit Sun- 4,333

Distance from Sun (millions of kilometres)- 1417.8

Diameter (km.)- 120,000

Time in days to orbit Sun- 10,759

Distance from Sun (millions of kilometres)- 2852.5

Diameter (km.)- 49,440

Time in days to orbit Sun- 30,687

Distance from Sun (millions of kilometres)- 4469.6

Diameter (km.)- 52,800

Time in days to orbit Sun- 60,127

Distance from Sun (millions of kilometres)- 5865.6

Diameter (km.)- 6400

Time in days to orbit Sun- 90,400

ROMAN NUMERALS

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• I- One
• V- Five
• X- Ten
• L- Fifty
• C- One Hundred
• D- Five Hundred
• M- One Thousand

All other numbers are composed of repetitions or combinations of these basic characters.

When a character is followed by one of lesser or equal value, the values are added.

When a character is preceded by one of a lesser value, the smaller is subtracted from the larger.

Eg.

• IV- 4
• XII- 12
• XLIV- 44
• CCCLXXIX- 379
• MCDX- 1410
• MCMLXVIII- 1968

SEA TERMS

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Aft: Towards the stern

Athwartships: Across the ship

Avast: Hold fast

Beam: Width of a ship at widest point

Bows: The rounded fore-end of a ship

Draught: The height of the waterline above the lowest point of a ship

Forecastle (foc'sle): The for end of the upper deck between the bows

Fore and Aft: relative to the ends of the ship

Forward: towards the bows

Hove to: remaining stationary, to avoid damage

Knot: One nautical mile an hour

Port: left; to the left

Starboard: right; to the right

Stem: the extreme end of the fore part of the ship

Stern: the extreme end of the after part of the ship

SHIPS' WATCHES

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Afternoon Watch from noon to 4 p.m.

First Dog Watch from 4 to 6 p.m.

Last Dog Watch from 6 to 8 p.m.

First Watch from 8 to midnight

Middle Watch from midnight to 4 a.m.

Morning Watch from 4 to 8 a.m.

Forenoon Watch from 8 to noon.

SPECTRUM

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Light passing through a prism may be divided up into different colours.

This is due to the slight differences in refraction of each wavelength, or band of colour. The shortest visible light is violet, while the longest is red.

The commonly known colours of the rainbow as the effect is naturally observed are: