ʖhosa/Xhosa
The Xhosa alternative orthography
Devised by: Michael Fustumum (michaelpeterfustumum(at)gmail.com)
| # | Proposed letter | Current letter | IPA |
|
1 |
A a |
a |
[a] |
|
2 |
B b |
bh |
[b̥ʱ] |
|
3 |
Ɓ ɓ | b | [ɓ] |
|
4 |
C c |
ths | [tsʰ] |
|
5 |
Cʼ cʼ | ts | [tsʼ] |
| 6 | Č č | tsh | [tʃʰ] |
|
7 |
Čʼ čʼ | thsh | [tʃʼ] |
|
8 |
D d | d | [d̠̥ʱ] |
| 9 | Ď ď | dy | [d̠̥ʲʱ] |
|
10 |
E e |
e |
[ɛ~e] |
|
11 |
F f |
f |
[f] |
| 12 | G g | g | [ɡ̊ʱ] |
| 13 | Ǧ ǧ | gr | [ɣ̈] |
|
14 |
H h |
h |
[h] |
|
15 |
I i |
i |
[i] |
| 16* |
J j |
dz |
[d̥zʱ] |
| 17 | J̌ ǰ | j | [d̥ʒʱ] |
| 18 |
K k |
kh |
[kʰ] |
|
19 |
Kʼ kʼ | k | [kʼ] |
| 20 | Ǩ ǩ | rh | [x] |
| 21 | Kǩ kǩ | kr | [kxʼ] |
| 22 |
L l |
l |
[l] |
|
23 |
Ľ ľ | lh | [l̤] |
| 24 | Ł ł | hl | [ɬ] |
|
25 |
Ļ ļ | dl | [ɮ̈] |
|
26 |
M m |
m |
[m] |
|
27 |
M̌ m̌ | mh | [m̤] |
|
28 |
N n |
n |
[n] |
| 29 | Ň ň | nh | [n̤] |
| 30 | Ñ ñ | ny | [nʲ] |
| 31 | Ñ̌ ñ̌ | nyh | [n̤ʲ] |
| 32 | Ŋ ŋ | ng | [ŋ] |
| 33* | Ŋ̌ ŋ̌ | ngh | [ŋ̈] |
| 34 | O o | o | [ɔ~o] |
| 35 |
P p |
ph |
[pʰ] |
| 36 | Pʼ pʼ | p | [pʼ] |
| 37 |
Q q |
q |
[kǃ] |
| 38 | Qh qh | qh | [kǃʰ] |
| 39 | Qx qx | gq | [ɡ̊ǃʱ] |
| 40 | Ŋq ŋq | nq | [ŋǃ] |
| 41 | Ŋqh ŋqh | nkq | [ŋǃˀ] |
| 42 | Ŋqx ŋqx | ngq | [ŋǃʱ] |
| 43* |
R r |
r |
[r] |
| 44 | Ř ř | r | [r̤] |
| 45 |
S s |
s |
[s] |
| 46 |
Š š |
sh |
[ʃ] |
| 47 |
T t |
th |
[tʰ] |
| 48 | Tʼ tʼ | t | [tʼ] |
| 49 | Ť ť | tyh |
[t̠ʲʰ] |
| 50 | Ťʼ ťʼ | ty | [t̠ʲʼ] |
| 51 | U u | u | [u] |
| 52 | V v | v | [v̤] |
| 53 | W w | w | [w] |
| 54 | W̌ w̌ | wh | [w̤] |
| 55 |
X x |
hh |
[ɦ] |
| 56 | Y y | y | [j] |
| 57 | Y̌ y̌ | yh | [j̈] |
| 58 | Z z | z | [z̤] |
| 59* | Ž ž | zh | [ʒ̈] |
| 60 | ʇ ʇ | c | [kǀ] |
| 61 | ʇh ʇh | ch | [kǀʰ] |
| 62 | ʇx ʇx | gc | [ɡ̊ǀʱ] |
| 63 | Ŋʇ ŋʇ | nc | [ŋǀ] |
| 64 | Ŋʇh ŋʇh | nkc | [ŋǀˀ] |
| 65 | Ŋʇx ŋʇx | ngc | [ŋǀʱ] |
| 66 | ʖ ʖ | x | [kǁ] |
| 67 | ʖh ʖh | xh | [kǁʰ] |
| 68 | ʖx ʖx | gx | [ɡ̊ǁʱ] |
| 69 | Ŋʖ ŋʖ | nx | [ŋǁ] |
| 70 | Ŋʖh ŋʖh | nkx | [ŋǁˀ] |
| 71 | Ŋʖx ŋʖx | ngx | [ŋǁʱ] |
| *These letters are only used in loanwords. | |||
Text example
First article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Ɓoŋkʼe aɓantʼu ɓazalwa ɓekululekʼile ɓeliŋana ŋesidima naŋokʼweemfanelo. Ɓoŋkʼe aɓantʼu ɓanesipiwo sesazela nesizatu sokʼwenza isenzo oŋatanda ukuɓa senziwe kumzalwane wako.