ʖhosa/Xhosa
The Xhosa alternative orthography
Devised by: Michael Fustumum (michaelpeterfustumum(at)gmail.com)
# | Proposed letter | Current letter | IPA |
1 |
A a |
a |
[a] |
2 |
B b |
bh |
[b̥ʱ] |
3 |
Ɓ ɓ | b | [ɓ] |
4 |
C c |
ths | [tsʰ] |
5 |
Cʼ cʼ | ts | [tsʼ] |
6 | Č č | tsh | [tʃʰ] |
7 |
Čʼ čʼ | thsh | [tʃʼ] |
8 |
D d | d | [d̠̥ʱ] |
9 | Ď ď | dy | [d̠̥ʲʱ] |
10 |
E e |
e |
[ɛ~e] |
11 |
F f |
f |
[f] |
12 | G g | g | [ɡ̊ʱ] |
13 | Ǧ ǧ | gr | [ɣ̈] |
14 |
H h |
h |
[h] |
15 |
I i |
i |
[i] |
16* |
J j |
dz |
[d̥zʱ] |
17 | J̌ ǰ | j | [d̥ʒʱ] |
18 |
K k |
kh |
[kʰ] |
19 |
Kʼ kʼ | k | [kʼ] |
20 | Ǩ ǩ | rh | [x] |
21 | Kǩ kǩ | kr | [kxʼ] |
22 |
L l |
l |
[l] |
23 |
Ľ ľ | lh | [l̤] |
24 | Ł ł | hl | [ɬ] |
25 |
Ļ ļ | dl | [ɮ̈] |
26 |
M m |
m |
[m] |
27 |
M̌ m̌ | mh | [m̤] |
28 |
N n |
n |
[n] |
29 | Ň ň | nh | [n̤] |
30 | Ñ ñ | ny | [nʲ] |
31 | Ñ̌ ñ̌ | nyh | [n̤ʲ] |
32 | Ŋ ŋ | ng | [ŋ] |
33* | Ŋ̌ ŋ̌ | ngh | [ŋ̈] |
34 | O o | o | [ɔ~o] |
35 |
P p |
ph |
[pʰ] |
36 | Pʼ pʼ | p | [pʼ] |
37 |
Q q |
q |
[kǃ] |
38 | Qh qh | qh | [kǃʰ] |
39 | Qx qx | gq | [ɡ̊ǃʱ] |
40 | Ŋq ŋq | nq | [ŋǃ] |
41 | Ŋqh ŋqh | nkq | [ŋǃˀ] |
42 | Ŋqx ŋqx | ngq | [ŋǃʱ] |
43* |
R r |
r |
[r] |
44 | Ř ř | r | [r̤] |
45 |
S s |
s |
[s] |
46 |
Š š |
sh |
[ʃ] |
47 |
T t |
th |
[tʰ] |
48 | Tʼ tʼ | t | [tʼ] |
49 | Ť ť | tyh |
[t̠ʲʰ] |
50 | Ťʼ ťʼ | ty | [t̠ʲʼ] |
51 | U u | u | [u] |
52 | V v | v | [v̤] |
53 | W w | w | [w] |
54 | W̌ w̌ | wh | [w̤] |
55 |
X x |
hh |
[ɦ] |
56 | Y y | y | [j] |
57 | Y̌ y̌ | yh | [j̈] |
58 | Z z | z | [z̤] |
59* | Ž ž | zh | [ʒ̈] |
60 | ʇ ʇ | c | [kǀ] |
61 | ʇh ʇh | ch | [kǀʰ] |
62 | ʇx ʇx | gc | [ɡ̊ǀʱ] |
63 | Ŋʇ ŋʇ | nc | [ŋǀ] |
64 | Ŋʇh ŋʇh | nkc | [ŋǀˀ] |
65 | Ŋʇx ŋʇx | ngc | [ŋǀʱ] |
66 | ʖ ʖ | x | [kǁ] |
67 | ʖh ʖh | xh | [kǁʰ] |
68 | ʖx ʖx | gx | [ɡ̊ǁʱ] |
69 | Ŋʖ ŋʖ | nx | [ŋǁ] |
70 | Ŋʖh ŋʖh | nkx | [ŋǁˀ] |
71 | Ŋʖx ŋʖx | ngx | [ŋǁʱ] |
*These letters are only used in loanwords. |
Text example
First article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Ɓoŋkʼe aɓantʼu ɓazalwa ɓekululekʼile ɓeliŋana ŋesidima naŋokʼweemfanelo. Ɓoŋkʼe aɓantʼu ɓanesipiwo sesazela nesizatu sokʼwenza isenzo oŋatanda ukuɓa senziwe kumzalwane wako.