English alternative orthography

This is a proposed orthography that is meant to be used for writing of English. It is now in a very early stage of development, so some changes may occur to it in the future as the creator see fit. For any questions please use the email link below.

Ðé Éngglish alternativ orþografi
The English alternative orthography

Devised by: Michael Fustumum (michaelpeterfustumum(at)gmail.com)

# Proposed letter Letter's name IPA Examples in current orthography Examples in proposed orthography

1

A a
(lax) á [(læks) eɪ]
[æ]
trap, cat, acid trap, kat, asid

ae [ɛə] aerial, aeroplane aerial, aeroplán

ai [eɪ] daisy, laid, veil, eight daisi, laid, vail, ait

al [æl] alp, pal, dial alp, pal, díal

all [æl] shall, allow shall, allú

arV, arrV [ær] barrow, marry, arrive barrow, marri, arrív

-ar, arC [ɑː(r)] bar, car, start bar, kar, start

[ɑː] is an allophone of [æ] when it is followed by r in some cases, so it is written “ar” in native words and some loanwords, not “âr”, due to originally they are pronounced short a.

au [ɔː] aura, cause, slaughter aura, kauz, slauter

aw [ɔː] awe, flaw, talk, hawk aw, flaw, tawk, hawk

awl [ɔːl] bald bawld

awll [ɔːl] all, fall, small awll, fawll, smawll

ay [eɪ] day, essay, obey day, essay, obay

2 Â â braud/long á [brɔːd/lɒŋ eɪ], â [ɑː] [ɑː] father, ah, sample fâðer, âh, sâmpel

[ɑː] has splitted from short a becoming a long phoneme, so it must be written a with a circumflex representing long a.

âm [ɑːm] alm, calm, palm âm, kâm, pâm

âr [ɑː(r)] bazaar, avatar, Kandahar bazâr, avatâr, Kandahâr

Although "ar" can represent [ɑːr] in some words, it is written "âr" in loanwords whose original pronunciation is long a.

3 Á á tens á [tɛns eɪ] [eɪ] face, make, square, scarce fás, mák, sqár, skárs

ái [eɪɪ] dais, laic, mosaic, papain dáis, láik, mosáik, papáin

áo [eɪɒ, eɪɔː, eɪə] kaon, chaos, aorta, aorist káon, káos, áorta, áorist

áò [eɪoʊ] baobab báòbab

ár [ɛə(r)] area, care, scarce área, káre, skárs

4
B b

bé [biː]

[b]
buy, cab, rabbit buy, kab, rabbit

bh [b] bhaji, Bhutan bhâji, Bhótân

Only in loanwords to transcribe [bʱ].

b·h [bh] abhor ab·hor

5
C c

cé [t͡ʃiː], sé [siː]
[t͡ʃ] China, catch, choice Cína, katc, cois

Etymologically [t͡ʃ] must be written ć or ḱ, because it comes from the palatization of [k], but c is proposed for saving writing. Not to use [k] and [s].

ch [t͡ʃ] Chhattisgarh Chattésgadh

Only in loanwords to transcribe [t͡ʃʰ].

6 D d dé [diː] [d] dive, cad, do dív, kad, dó

dh [d] dhow dhú

Only in loanwords to transcribe [dʱ].

d·h [dh] adhere, adhesive, madhouse adhér, adhésiv, madhús

dy [d͡ʒ] soldier sòldyer

7 Ð ð eð [ɛð] [ð] the, breathe, father ðé, bréð, fâðer

[ð] is a phoneme, so it must have an own letter which must be ð and it is used in Middle Ages.

8
E e
(lax) é [(læks) iː]
[ɛ]
dress, men, error, merry dress, men, error, merri

Final e, which is silent, although is etymologically correct, must not be written because it is not written in some words which used to be, it is written in other words which was never pronounced and to saving in writing.

ea [ɛə] yeah yeah

ei [eɪ] veil, weight, heinous veil, weit, heinous

eo [ɛə] ceorl seorl

erV, errV [ɛr] error, merry, derrick error, merri, derrikk

-er, erC [ɜː(r)] her, kerb, referral her, kerb, referral

eu [juː, jʊə] deuce, feudal, euro, neural deus, feudal, euro, neural

ew [juː] dew, ewe dew, ew

ey [eɪ] obey obey

9 É é tens é [tɛns iː] [iː] fleece, sea, near, freer flés, sé, nér, frér

éa [iːə, ɪə] idea, urea, real, clear ídéa, úréa, réal, kléar

éá [iːeɪ] create kréát

éi [iːɪ] albeit, being, cysteine, deist albéit, béing, sistéin, déist

éí [iaɪ] deice déís

éo [iːɒ, iːə] eon, geology, peon, theory éon, jéoloji, péon, þéori

éò [iːoʊ] creole, geode, leonine, video kréòle, jéòde, léònin, vidéò

ér [ɪə(r)] here, series, stereo hér, séris, stéréò

éu [iːə] nucleus, museum núkléus, múséum

éy [iː] key, monkey, curtsey kéy, monkéy, kurtséy

10 F f ef [ɛf] [f] fan, caff, phi, laugh fan, kaff, fí, laf

11 G g gé [giː], jé [d͡ʒiː] [g] great, bag, goal grát, bag, gòl

gh [g] ghost, Ghana ghòst, Ghâna

Only to transcribe [gʱ] or [ɣ].

g·h [gh] leghorn, pigheaded leg·horn, pig·hedid

gw [gw] language, lingual, sanguine langgwij, linggwal, sanggwin

gz [gz] example, exist, exotic igzâmpel, igzist, igzotik

12
H h
há [heɪ], ác [eɪt͡ʃ]
[h]
high, ahead, house hí, ahed, hús

13 Ƕ ƕ hwair [hwɛə] [hw] wheel, who, whale ƕél, ƕó, ƕál

[hw] is so frequent that must have an own letter which must be ƕ and it is used in Middle Ages. [ks] and [kw] have own letters and they are less frequent.

14
I i

(lax) í [(læks) aɪ]

[ɪ]
kit, bin, lid kit, bin, lid

ie [iə, ɪə] ambient, alien, cashier, rapier ambient, alien, kashier, rápier

ié [iː, iiː] field, siege, skied, medieval fiéld, siéj, skiéd, mediéval

irV, irrV [ɪr] mirror, Sirius, spirit mirror, Sirius, spirit

-ir, irC [ɜː(r)] fir, bird, stirrer fir, bird, stirrer

iw [juː] cute, mule, huge kiwt, miwl, hiwj

[juː] must be written "iw", because it comes from [iw].

iwr [jʊ(ə)(r)] purity, cure piwriti, kiwr

(c/j/l/r/s/y/z)iw [uː] June, rule, fluent Jiwn, riwl, fliwent

(c/j/l/r/s/y/z)iwr [ʊ(ə)(r)] sure, lure, rural siwr, liwr, riwral

15 Í í tens í [tɛns aɪ] [aɪ] ride, pie, hire, higher ríd, pí, hír, híer

íe [aɪə, aɪɛ] client, diet, science, biennial klíent, díet, ssíens, bíennial

íi [aɪɪ] trying tríing

ír [aɪə(r)] hire, firing, enquiry hír, fíring, enqíri

íy [aɪ] eye, aye, dye íy, íy, díy

16
J j
já [d͡ʒeɪ]
[d͡ʒ]
giant, badge, jam jíant, badj, jam

Etymologically [d͡ʒ] must be written ǵ, because it comes from the palatization of [g], but j is proposed for saving writing.

jh [d͡ʒ] Jharkhand Jhârkhand

Only in loanwords to transcribe [d͡ʒʱ].

17
K k

ká [keɪ]

[k]
sky, crack, chord skí, krakk, kord

kh [k] Khmer, Kazakh, khaki Khmer, Kazakh, khâki

Only in loanwords to transcribe [kʰ]. Not to use to transcribe khi although it is originally pronunced [kʰ], it must be transcribed k, becuase when Greek loanwords containing this letter were adapted, it was already pronounced [k].

kh [x] chutzpah, ugh, loch khůtspah, ůkh, lokh

“Kh” can be pronounced optionnaly [x] in these words.

k·h [kh] steakhouse sták·hús

kk [k] luck, rock, ticket lukk, rokk, tikket

18
L l

el [ɛl]

[l]
lie, sly, gal lí, slí, gal

19
M m

em [ɛm]

[m]
my, smile, cam mí, smíl, kam

20
N n

en [ɛn]

[n]
nigh, snide, can ní, sníd, kan

ng [ŋ] sang, singer, hangar sang, singer, hangar

[ŋ] must be written ng, due to it comes from [ng].

ngg [ŋg] finger, longer, English fingger, longger, Éngglish

n·g [ng] congrats, engage kon·grats, in·gáj

nk [ŋk] ink, anchor, encourage ink, ankor, inkurij

n·k [nk] incline, mankind in·klín, man·kínd

21 O o (lax) ò/ó [(læks) oʊ/uː] [ɒ] lot, pod, moral, forage lot, pod, moral, foráj

oi [ɔɪ] boing, moist, coin, boil boing, moist, koin, boil

orV, orrV [ɒr] moral, forage, borrow moral, foráj, borrow

-or, orC [ɔː(r)] born, for, north born, for, norþ

ou [oʊ] soul, dough, boulder soul, dou, boulder

ow [oʊ] own, yellow, show own, yellow, show

oy [ɔɪ] boy, toy, soybean boy, toy, soybén

22 Ò ò òpen ò/ó [oʊpən oʊ/uː] [oʊ] goat, code, force gòt, kòd, fòrs

It must be written o with grave accent to represent an original open o.

òa [oʊə, oʊæ] boa, inchoate, coaxial, ogdoad bòa, inkòat, còaxial, ogdòad

òá [oʊeɪ] oasis, cloaca òásis, klòáka

òe [oʊɛ, oʊə, oʊɜ] poem, goer, orthoepy, còerce pòem, gòer, orþòepi, kòers

òi [oʊɪ] going, egoist, heroin, stoic gòing, egòist, heròin, stòik

-òr, òrC [ɔə(r)] door, four, boar dòr, fòr, bòr

23 Ó ó tens ò/ó [tɛns oʊ/uː] [uː] food, boor, tourist fód, bór, tórist

óa [uːə] doable dóabel

ói [uːɪ] doing dóing

-ór, órC [ʊə(r)] poor, moor, tour pór, mór, tór

24
P p

pé [piː]

[p]
pie, spy, cap pí, spí, kap

ph [p] Phnom Penh, Imphal Phnom Peny, Imphâl

Only in loanwords to transcribe [pʰ]. Not to use [f], although phi is originally pronunced [pʰ], it must be transcribed f, becuase when Greek loanwords containing this letter were adapted, it was already pronounced [f].

p·h [ph] chophouse cop·hús

25 Q q kú [kaʊ], qé [kwiː], kiw [kjuː] [kw] queen, quick, quote qén, qikk, qòt

[kw] became frequent because of the introduction of Latin loanwords, so it must have an own letter. Only q can represent a consonant cluster like x, so it does not have to be followed by u or w. It is not to used to transcribe [q], which must be k.

26 R r ar [ɑr] [r] rye, try, very rí, trí, veri

rh [rh] perhaps perhaps

“Rh” in Greek loanwords must be written r, because when English adapted these words, it was already pronounced [r].

27
S s

es [ɛs]

[s]
sigh, mass, song sí, mass, song

sh [ʃ] she, shy, cash shé, shí, kash

[ʃ] must be written sh, due to it comes from [sh].

s·h [sh] mishap, a*sho*e mis·hap, a*s·hò*

si [sɪ] messianic messianik

sy [ʃ] pension, mission, ration pensyon, missyon, rasyon

28
T t

té [tiː]

[t]
tie, sty, cat, atom tí, stí, kat, atom

th [t] Thai Thí

Only in loanwords to transcribe [tʰ]. Not to use [θ].

t·h [th] out·house út·hús

tþ [tθ] eighth eitþ

ty [t͡ʃ] question, Christian, suggestion qestyon, Kristyan, sugjestyon

29 U u (lax) ú/iw [(læks) aʊ/juː] [ʌ] strut, bud, nurse, hurry strut, bud, nurs, hurri

urV, urrV [ʌr] hurry, flourish, curry hurri, flurish, kurri

-ur, urC [ɜː(r)] turn, occur, curdle turn, okkur, kurdel

uw [aʊ] vowel vuwel

uy [aɪ] buy, guy buy, guy

30 Ů ů klòs ú/iw [kloʊs aʊ/juː] [ʊ] full, push, foot fůll, půsh, fůt

[ʊ] must be written u with ring to represent a rounded u, due to like [ʌ], [ʊ] has splitted from [u], but it is mantained rounded.

ůr [ʊ(r)] courier, guru, langur kůrier, gůró, langgůr

ůy [wiː] uyghur ůyghůr

31 Ú ú tens ú/iw [tɛns aʊ/juː] [aʊ] out, loud, bough, hour út, lúd, bú, úr

úr [aʊər] flour, tower, shower flúr, túr, shúr

32 V v vé [viː] [v] vie, have, heavy ví, hav, hevi

33 W w wé [wiː], dobel-ú/iw [dɒbəl aʊ/juː] [w] wale, swine, wear wál, swín, wer

wr [(w)r] wrong, wrist, write wrong, wrist, wrít

34 X x ex [ɛks] [ks] box, six, taxi box, six, taxi

x- [z] xylophone, xenon, xenophobia xílofòn, xenon, xenofòbia

[ks] became frequent because of the introduction of Latin and Greek loanwords, so it must have an own letter.

35
Y y
yé [jiː], wí [waɪ]
[j]
yes, young, you yes, yung, yiw

Etymologically [j] must be written j, because this letter is originally used to represent this sounds, but j is used for [d͡ʒ] and y can represent [j], due to it was already represented this sound. Not to use [ɪ] or [aɪ].

36 Z z zed [zɛd], zé [ziː] [z] zoo, size, crazy zó, síz, krázi

zh [ʒ] zhoosh, Izhvesk zhůsh, Izhvesk

[ʒ] is used in native words as an allophone of [z] and in French loanwords which is written in French orthogrpahy, so zh is used only in other loanwords to transcribe this sound.

zi [zɪ] easier, enthusiasm, physiologic ézier, inþiwziasem, fiziolojik

zy [ʒ] vision, occasion, illusion vizyon, okkázyon, illiwzyon

37
Þ þ

þorn [θɔːrn]

[θ]
thigh, thin, math þí, þin, maþ

[θ] is a phoneme, so it must have an own letter which must be þ and it is used in Middle Ages. It must not written th, because it does not come from [tʰ]. Theta must be transcribed þ in Greek loanwords, although it is originally pronounced [tʰ], it is pronunced [θ] in English.

[ə] and other reduced vowels must have no letter, due to they are allophones of other vowels.
Foreign words and names maintain their original spelling because of etymology, so they don't represent the pronunciation in English.
SIlent letters must be kept if they are for etymological and phonotactically can not be pronounced except e for reasons explained above and must be not written if they can be phonotactically pronounced, due to if they would be written they could make confusion.
Stress are not written for saving on writing, although there are words whose pronunciations differ just in stress, they are a few and they can be distinguished by the context.
Although this would remove heteronyms, it would make more ones. For example: “tó” (to or too), “red” (red or read), “sít” (sight, site or cite). However these heteronyms can be distinguished by the context.

Text example
Lord's Prayer

Úr Fâðer, Ƕó art in heven, Hallowd bé Ðí Nám. Ðí Kingdom kum. Ðí Will bé dun, on erþ as it iz in Heven. Giv us ðis day úr dayli bred. And forgiv us úr trespasses, as wé forgiv ðòz ƕó trespass against us. And léd us not intó temptásyon, but diliver us from évil. Ámen.

Hail Mary

Hail Mari, Fůll ov Grás, Ðé Lord is wiþ ðé. Blessd art ðú amung wimin, and blessd iz ðé friwt ov ðí wómb, Jézus. Holi Mari, Moðer ov God, pray for us sinners nú, and at ðé úr ov deþ. Ámen.

First article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Awll hiwman béings ar born fré and éqal in digniti and ríts. Ðey ar endúd wiþ rézon and konssiens and shůd akt tówards wun anoðer in á spirit of bruðerhůd.

The North Wind and the Sun

Ðé Norþ Wind and ðé Sun wer dispiwting ƕic waz ðé stronger, ƕen a traveler kám along wrappd in á warm clòk. Ðey agréd ðat ðé wun ƕó first sukséded in máking ðé traveler ták his clòk off shůd bé konsiderd stronger ðan ðé oðer. Ðen ðé Norþ Wind blew as hard as hé kůd, but ðé mòr hé blew ðé mòr clòsli did ðé traveler fòld his klòk arúnd him; and at last ðé Norþ Wind gáv up ðé attempt. Ðen ðé Sun shínd út warmli, and immediátli ðé traveler tůk off his klòk. And sò ðé Norþ Wind waz oblíjd tó konfess ðat ðé Sun waz ðé stronger ov ðé twó.

Home

#	Proposed letter	Letter's name	IPA	Examples in current orthography	Examples in proposed orthography
1	A a	(lax) á [(læks) eɪ]	[æ]	trap, cat, acid	trap, kat, asid
	ae		[ɛə]	aerial, aeroplane	aerial, aeroplán
	ai		[eɪ]	daisy, laid, veil, eight	daisi, laid, vail, ait
	al		[æl]	alp, pal, dial	alp, pal, díal
	all		[æl]	shall, allow	shall, allú
	arV, arrV		[ær]	barrow, marry, arrive	barrow, marri, arrív
	-ar, arC		[ɑː(r)]	bar, car, start	bar, kar, start
[ɑː] is an allophone of [æ] when it is followed by r in some cases, so it is written “ar” in native words and some loanwords, not “âr”, due to originally they are pronounced short a.
	au		[ɔː]	aura, cause, slaughter	aura, kauz, slauter
	aw		[ɔː]	awe, flaw, talk, hawk	aw, flaw, tawk, hawk
	awl		[ɔːl]	bald	bawld
	awll		[ɔːl]	all, fall, small	awll, fawll, smawll
	ay		[eɪ]	day, essay, obey	day, essay, obay
2	Â â	braud/long á [brɔːd/lɒŋ eɪ], â [ɑː]	[ɑː]	father, ah, sample	fâðer, âh, sâmpel
[ɑː] has splitted from short a becoming a long phoneme, so it must be written a with a circumflex representing long a.
	âm		[ɑːm]	alm, calm, palm	âm, kâm, pâm
	âr		[ɑː(r)]	bazaar, avatar, Kandahar	bazâr, avatâr, Kandahâr
Although "ar" can represent [ɑːr] in some words, it is written "âr" in loanwords whose original pronunciation is long a.
3	Á á	tens á [tɛns eɪ]	[eɪ]	face, make, square, scarce	fás, mák, sqár, skárs
	ái		[eɪɪ]	dais, laic, mosaic, papain	dáis, láik, mosáik, papáin
	áo		[eɪɒ, eɪɔː, eɪə]	kaon, chaos, aorta, aorist	káon, káos, áorta, áorist
	áò		[eɪoʊ]	baobab	báòbab
	ár		[ɛə(r)]	area, care, scarce	área, káre, skárs
4	B b	bé [biː]	[b]	buy, cab, rabbit	buy, kab, rabbit
	bh		[b]	bhaji, Bhutan	bhâji, Bhótân
Only in loanwords to transcribe [bʱ].
	b·h		[bh]	abhor	ab·hor
5	C c	cé [t͡ʃiː], sé [siː]	[t͡ʃ]	China, catch, choice	Cína, katc, cois
Etymologically [t͡ʃ] must be written ć or ḱ, because it comes from the palatization of [k], but c is proposed for saving writing. Not to use [k] and [s].
	ch		[t͡ʃ]	Chhattisgarh	Chattésgadh
Only in loanwords to transcribe [t͡ʃʰ].
6	D d	dé [diː]	[d]	dive, cad, do	dív, kad, dó
	dh		[d]	dhow	dhú
Only in loanwords to transcribe [dʱ].
	d·h		[dh]	adhere, adhesive, madhouse	adhér, adhésiv, madhús
	dy		[d͡ʒ]	soldier	sòldyer
7	Ð ð	eð [ɛð]	[ð]	the, breathe, father	ðé, bréð, fâðer
[ð] is a phoneme, so it must have an own letter which must be ð and it is used in Middle Ages.
8	E e	(lax) é [(læks) iː]	[ɛ]	dress, men, error, merry	dress, men, error, merri
Final e, which is silent, although is etymologically correct, must not be written because it is not written in some words which used to be, it is written in other words which was never pronounced and to saving in writing.
	ea		[ɛə]	yeah	yeah
	ei		[eɪ]	veil, weight, heinous	veil, weit, heinous
	eo		[ɛə]	ceorl	seorl
	erV, errV		[ɛr]	error, merry, derrick	error, merri, derrikk
	-er, erC		[ɜː(r)]	her, kerb, referral	her, kerb, referral
	eu		[juː, jʊə]	deuce, feudal, euro, neural	deus, feudal, euro, neural
	ew		[juː]	dew, ewe	dew, ew
	ey		[eɪ]	obey	obey
9	É é	tens é [tɛns iː]	[iː]	fleece, sea, near, freer	flés, sé, nér, frér
	éa		[iːə, ɪə]	idea, urea, real, clear	ídéa, úréa, réal, kléar
	éá		[iːeɪ]	create	kréát
	éi		[iːɪ]	albeit, being, cysteine, deist	albéit, béing, sistéin, déist
	éí		[iaɪ]	deice	déís
	éo		[iːɒ, iːə]	eon, geology, peon, theory	éon, jéoloji, péon, þéori
	éò		[iːoʊ]	creole, geode, leonine, video	kréòle, jéòde, léònin, vidéò
	ér		[ɪə(r)]	here, series, stereo	hér, séris, stéréò
	éu		[iːə]	nucleus, museum	núkléus, múséum
	éy		[iː]	key, monkey, curtsey	kéy, monkéy, kurtséy
10	F f	ef [ɛf]	[f]	fan, caff, phi, laugh	fan, kaff, fí, laf
11	G g	gé [giː], jé [d͡ʒiː]	[g]	great, bag, goal	grát, bag, gòl
	gh		[g]	ghost, Ghana	ghòst, Ghâna
Only to transcribe [gʱ] or [ɣ].
	g·h		[gh]	leghorn, pigheaded	leg·horn, pig·hedid
	gw		[gw]	language, lingual, sanguine	langgwij, linggwal, sanggwin
	gz		[gz]	example, exist, exotic	igzâmpel, igzist, igzotik
12	H h	há [heɪ], ác [eɪt͡ʃ]	[h]	high, ahead, house	hí, ahed, hús
13	Ƕ ƕ	hwair [hwɛə]	[hw]	wheel, who, whale	ƕél, ƕó, ƕál
[hw] is so frequent that must have an own letter which must be ƕ and it is used in Middle Ages. [ks] and [kw] have own letters and they are less frequent.
14	I i	(lax) í [(læks) aɪ]	[ɪ]	kit, bin, lid	kit, bin, lid
	ie		[iə, ɪə]	ambient, alien, cashier, rapier	ambient, alien, kashier, rápier
	ié		[iː, iiː]	field, siege, skied, medieval	fiéld, siéj, skiéd, mediéval
	irV, irrV		[ɪr]	mirror, Sirius, spirit	mirror, Sirius, spirit
	-ir, irC		[ɜː(r)]	fir, bird, stirrer	fir, bird, stirrer
	iw		[juː]	cute, mule, huge	kiwt, miwl, hiwj
[juː] must be written "iw", because it comes from [iw].
	iwr		[jʊ(ə)(r)]	purity, cure	piwriti, kiwr
	(c/j/l/r/s/y/z)iw		[uː]	June, rule, fluent	Jiwn, riwl, fliwent
	(c/j/l/r/s/y/z)iwr		[ʊ(ə)(r)]	sure, lure, rural	siwr, liwr, riwral
15	Í í	tens í [tɛns aɪ]	[aɪ]	ride, pie, hire, higher	ríd, pí, hír, híer
	íe		[aɪə, aɪɛ]	client, diet, science, biennial	klíent, díet, ssíens, bíennial
	íi		[aɪɪ]	trying	tríing
	ír		[aɪə(r)]	hire, firing, enquiry	hír, fíring, enqíri
	íy		[aɪ]	eye, aye, dye	íy, íy, díy
16	J j	já [d͡ʒeɪ]	[d͡ʒ]	giant, badge, jam	jíant, badj, jam
Etymologically [d͡ʒ] must be written ǵ, because it comes from the palatization of [g], but j is proposed for saving writing.
	jh		[d͡ʒ]	Jharkhand	Jhârkhand
Only in loanwords to transcribe [d͡ʒʱ].
17	K k	ká [keɪ]	[k]	sky, crack, chord	skí, krakk, kord
	kh		[k]	Khmer, Kazakh, khaki	Khmer, Kazakh, khâki
Only in loanwords to transcribe [kʰ]. Not to use to transcribe khi although it is originally pronunced [kʰ], it must be transcribed k, becuase when Greek loanwords containing this letter were adapted, it was already pronounced [k].
	kh		[x]	chutzpah, ugh, loch	khůtspah, ůkh, lokh
“Kh” can be pronounced optionnaly [x] in these words.
	k·h		[kh]	steakhouse	sták·hús
	kk		[k]	luck, rock, ticket	lukk, rokk, tikket
18	L l	el [ɛl]	[l]	lie, sly, gal	lí, slí, gal
19	M m	em [ɛm]	[m]	my, smile, cam	mí, smíl, kam
20	N n	en [ɛn]	[n]	nigh, snide, can	ní, sníd, kan
	ng		[ŋ]	sang, singer, hangar	sang, singer, hangar
[ŋ] must be written ng, due to it comes from [ng].
	ngg		[ŋg]	finger, longer, English	fingger, longger, Éngglish
	n·g		[ng]	congrats, engage	kon·grats, in·gáj
	nk		[ŋk]	ink, anchor, encourage	ink, ankor, inkurij
	n·k		[nk]	incline, mankind	in·klín, man·kínd
21	O o	(lax) ò/ó [(læks) oʊ/uː]	[ɒ]	lot, pod, moral, forage	lot, pod, moral, foráj
	oi		[ɔɪ]	boing, moist, coin, boil	boing, moist, koin, boil
	orV, orrV		[ɒr]	moral, forage, borrow	moral, foráj, borrow
	-or, orC		[ɔː(r)]	born, for, north	born, for, norþ
	ou		[oʊ]	soul, dough, boulder	soul, dou, boulder
	ow		[oʊ]	own, yellow, show	own, yellow, show
	oy		[ɔɪ]	boy, toy, soybean	boy, toy, soybén
22	Ò ò	òpen ò/ó [oʊpən oʊ/uː]	[oʊ]	goat, code, force	gòt, kòd, fòrs
It must be written o with grave accent to represent an original open o.
	òa		[oʊə, oʊæ]	boa, inchoate, coaxial, ogdoad	bòa, inkòat, còaxial, ogdòad
	òá		[oʊeɪ]	oasis, cloaca	òásis, klòáka
	òe		[oʊɛ, oʊə, oʊɜ]	poem, goer, orthoepy, còerce	pòem, gòer, orþòepi, kòers
	òi		[oʊɪ]	going, egoist, heroin, stoic	gòing, egòist, heròin, stòik
	-òr, òrC		[ɔə(r)]	door, four, boar	dòr, fòr, bòr
23	Ó ó	tens ò/ó [tɛns oʊ/uː]	[uː]	food, boor, tourist	fód, bór, tórist
	óa		[uːə]	doable	dóabel
	ói		[uːɪ]	doing	dóing
	-ór, órC		[ʊə(r)]	poor, moor, tour	pór, mór, tór
24	P p	pé [piː]	[p]	pie, spy, cap	pí, spí, kap
	ph		[p]	Phnom Penh, Imphal	Phnom Peny, Imphâl
Only in loanwords to transcribe [pʰ]. Not to use [f], although phi is originally pronunced [pʰ], it must be transcribed f, becuase when Greek loanwords containing this letter were adapted, it was already pronounced [f].
	p·h		[ph]	chophouse	cop·hús
25	Q q	kú [kaʊ], qé [kwiː], kiw [kjuː]	[kw]	queen, quick, quote	qén, qikk, qòt
[kw] became frequent because of the introduction of Latin loanwords, so it must have an own letter. Only q can represent a consonant cluster like x, so it does not have to be followed by u or w. It is not to used to transcribe [q], which must be k.
26	R r	ar [ɑr]	[r]	rye, try, very	rí, trí, veri
	rh		[rh]	perhaps	perhaps
“Rh” in Greek loanwords must be written r, because when English adapted these words, it was already pronounced [r].
27	S s	es [ɛs]	[s]	sigh, mass, song	sí, mass, song
	sh		[ʃ]	she, shy, cash	shé, shí, kash
[ʃ] must be written sh, due to it comes from [sh].
	s·h		[sh]	mishap, ashoe	mis·hap, a*s·hò*
	si		[sɪ]	messianic	messianik
	sy		[ʃ]	pension, mission, ration	pensyon, missyon, rasyon
28	T t	té [tiː]	[t]	tie, sty, cat, atom	tí, stí, kat, atom
	th		[t]	Thai	Thí
Only in loanwords to transcribe [tʰ]. Not to use [θ].
	t·h		[th]	out·house	út·hús
	tþ		[tθ]	eighth	eitþ
	ty		[t͡ʃ]	question, Christian, suggestion	qestyon, Kristyan, sugjestyon
29	U u	(lax) ú/iw [(læks) aʊ/juː]	[ʌ]	strut, bud, nurse, hurry	strut, bud, nurs, hurri
	urV, urrV		[ʌr]	hurry, flourish, curry	hurri, flurish, kurri
	-ur, urC		[ɜː(r)]	turn, occur, curdle	turn, okkur, kurdel
	uw		[aʊ]	vowel	vuwel
	uy		[aɪ]	buy, guy	buy, guy
30	Ů ů	klòs ú/iw [kloʊs aʊ/juː]	[ʊ]	full, push, foot	fůll, půsh, fůt
[ʊ] must be written u with ring to represent a rounded u, due to like [ʌ], [ʊ] has splitted from [u], but it is mantained rounded.
	ůr		[ʊ(r)]	courier, guru, langur	kůrier, gůró, langgůr
	ůy		[wiː]	uyghur	ůyghůr
31	Ú ú	tens ú/iw [tɛns aʊ/juː]	[aʊ]	out, loud, bough, hour	út, lúd, bú, úr
	úr		[aʊər]	flour, tower, shower	flúr, túr, shúr
32	V v	vé [viː]	[v]	vie, have, heavy	ví, hav, hevi
33	W w	wé [wiː], dobel-ú/iw [dɒbəl aʊ/juː]	[w]	wale, swine, wear	wál, swín, wer
	wr		[(w)r]	wrong, wrist, write	wrong, wrist, wrít
34	X x	ex [ɛks]	[ks]	box, six, taxi	box, six, taxi
	x-		[z]	xylophone, xenon, xenophobia	xílofòn, xenon, xenofòbia
[ks] became frequent because of the introduction of Latin and Greek loanwords, so it must have an own letter.
35	Y y	yé [jiː], wí [waɪ]	[j]	yes, young, you	yes, yung, yiw
Etymologically [j] must be written j, because this letter is originally used to represent this sounds, but j is used for [d͡ʒ] and y can represent [j], due to it was already represented this sound. Not to use [ɪ] or [aɪ].
36	Z z	zed [zɛd], zé [ziː]	[z]	zoo, size, crazy	zó, síz, krázi
	zh		[ʒ]	zhoosh, Izhvesk	zhůsh, Izhvesk
[ʒ] is used in native words as an allophone of [z] and in French loanwords which is written in French orthogrpahy, so zh is used only in other loanwords to transcribe this sound.
	zi		[zɪ]	easier, enthusiasm, physiologic	ézier, inþiwziasem, fiziolojik
	zy		[ʒ]	vision, occasion, illusion	vizyon, okkázyon, illiwzyon
37	Þ þ	þorn [θɔːrn]	[θ]	thigh, thin, math	þí, þin, maþ
[θ] is a phoneme, so it must have an own letter which must be þ and it is used in Middle Ages. It must not written th, because it does not come from [tʰ]. Theta must be transcribed þ in Greek loanwords, although it is originally pronounced [tʰ], it is pronunced [θ] in English.
[ə] and other reduced vowels must have no letter, due to they are allophones of other vowels. Foreign words and names maintain their original spelling because of etymology, so they don't represent the pronunciation in English. SIlent letters must be kept if they are for etymological and phonotactically can not be pronounced except e for reasons explained above and must be not written if they can be phonotactically pronounced, due to if they would be written they could make confusion. Stress are not written for saving on writing, although there are words whose pronunciations differ just in stress, they are a few and they can be distinguished by the context. Although this would remove heteronyms, it would make more ones. For example: “tó” (to or too), “red” (red or read), “sít” (sight, site or cite). However these heteronyms can be distinguished by the context.