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How to use the
Passive.
المبني للمجهول
The
passive
is very common in English. It is often used to describe processes like how
things are made, and in news reports.
Passive sentences
are used when we are more interested in the action than in what or who did
the action e.g.,
نستخدم جمل المبني للمجهول عندما
يكون تركيزنا علي الحدث أو الفعل اكثر من الشخص الفاعل
A gun
was fired.
Grapes
are grown
in France.
The
passive
is used when:
نستخدم المبني للمجهول عندما
1. The person performing the verb is
NOT
important to the meaning e.g.,
يكون الشخص الذي قام بالفعل
ليس مهما لمعني الجملة
Computer chips
are made
in Korea.
Bacon and eggs
are eaten
in the UK.
2. You do not know who does something e.g.,
عندما لا تعرف من الفاعل
My handbag
was stolen
in the disco.
My car
was scratched
last night.
3. The action is done by many people or no-one
e.g.,
عندما
يتم الحدث بواسطة اشخاص عديدين أو لا احد
E-mail
is being used
everywhere.
The sun
is gone
at 5pm in winter.
4. There is a very good reason for
NOT
saying who did the action e.g.,
عندما يكون هناك سببا مهما لعدم القول من هو الذي فعل
الحدث
My homework
has been
lost.
Your cup
has been broken.
5. The thing or the person which is the subject of
the action is placed at the start e.g.,
عندما يكون الشئ او الشخص
الفاعل للحدث موضوع في البداية
This car
was made
in Finland.
Many people
were killed
in the riots.
6. To express the doer of the action use
by
e.g.,
نعبر عن الفاعل للحدث بعدها
by كلمة
A gun
was fired
by
Lee Harvey Oswald.
Oranges
are grown
there by
my father.
How to make the Passive.
كيف نكون المبني للمجهول
1. The
Passive
is made with a form of 'to
be' +
past participle
e.g.,
ثم
التصريف الثالث للفعل ( be ) يتكون المبني للمجهول باستخدام تصريف فعل
The shop
is
closed
at 6pm.
The game
was
won
on penalties.
2. Most
past participles
are made with the
verb
+
ed
- but many are irregular e.g.,
و لكن هناك الكثير من
الأفعال الشاذةed معظم افعال التصريف الثالث تتكون باستخدام الفعل مضافا له
send -
sent,
go - gone,
teach - taught.
3. It is the form of
to be which changes the tense of
the Passive
verb. These are the
Passive tenses:
هي التي تغير زمن الفعل
في المبني للمجهول be إن تركيبة و تصريف فعل
a) Present Simple Passive
المبني للمجهول في زمن
المضارع البسيط
| am |
|
|
| is |
+ |
التصريف الثالث للفعل
( past
participle ) |
| are
|
|
|
A web page
is written
with html.
Football
is played
at Wembley.
Gramster
isn't written
with html.
Web pages
are written
with html.
Web pages
are used
by 50% of the world.
Books
aren't used
by students anymore.
b) Present Continuous Passive
المبني للمجهول في زمن
المضارع المستمر
| am |
|
|
| is |
being |
التصريف الثالث للفعل (
past participle ) |
| are |
|
|
The web
is being expanded
at 1% a day.
How fast
is
the web being expanded?
The web
isn't being expanded
very fast.
Lives
are being lost
every day to Aids.
How fast
are
lives being lost
to Aids?
People
aren't being saved
from Aids.
c) Past Simple Passive
المبني للمجهول في زمن الماضي
البسيط
| was |
التصريف الثالث للفعل (
past participle ) |
| were |
The web
was invented
by Tim Berners-Lee.
Who
was
the web invented
by?
The web
wasn't invented
by Bill Gates.
Many people
were killed
in the riots.
How
were
the people killed?
Soldiers
weren't killed
in the riots.
d) Past Continuous Passive
المبني للمجهول في زمن الماضي
المستمر
| was |
التصريف الثالث للفعل (
past participle ) |
| were |
In 1942 London
was being bombed
every night.
When was London
being bombed?
London
wasn't being bombed
in 1946.
People
were being sold
as slaves last century.
When
were
people being sold
as slaves?
People
weren't being sold
as slaves by 1920.
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