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Reported Speech الكلام الغير مباشر How to report what people say. When we report what people say we make these changes to their real words. عندما نَذْكرُ ما ناسَ يَقُولونَ بأنّنا نَقُومُ بهذه
التغييراتِ إلى كلماتِهم الحقيقيةِ. 1. Pronouns الضمائر These change because a different person is speaking e.g., هذه يَتغيّرُ لأن a شخص مختلف يَتكلّمُ ومثال على
ذلكُ: - , Real words = I like football.Reported speech = He says he likes football.
2. Tenses الأزمنة If you use a past tense verb to report the speech e.g., "said", "told", then the tenses of the verbs change as well. These are the rules. See the examples below. إذا تَستعملُ a فعل متوتر ماضي للإبْلاغ عن الخطابَ ومثال على ذلكَ: -، "قالَ"، "مُخبَر"، ثمّ tenses لتغييرِ الأفعالَ أيضاً. هذه القواعدَ. شاهدْ الأمثلةَ تحت. Real words Reported Speech تحويلات الازمنة Present Simple مضارع بسيط Past Simple ماضي بسيط Present Continuous مضارع مستمر Past Continuousماضي مستمر Past Simple ماضي بسيط Past Perfect ماضي تام Present Perfect مضارع تام Past Perfect ماضي تام will would For example: I live in Paris. John said he lived in Paris.I don't like beer. John said he didn't like beer.I am working tonight. John said he was working tonight.I went home at 12. John said he had gone home at 12.I have lost the game. John said he had lost the game.
3. Verbs that do not change 3. الأفعال التي لا تَتغيّرُ These verbs do not change when they are reported: Past Perfect and all modal verbs.
How to report what people ask.كيف يتحول إلي كلام غير مباشر 1. The pronoun and tense changes are the same as for reported speech. 1. إنّ الضميرَ والتغييراتَ المتوترةَ تماماً مثل
للخطاب التقريري. 2. The word order changes to the same as the order in a statement e.g., 2. يَتغيّرُ ترتيبُ الكلمات إلى تماماً مثل الطلب
في a بيان ومثال على ذلك: - , Question - "Why did you leave him?"Reported question - He asked why he had left him.
3. The question mark is left out of reported questions. 3. إنّ علامةَ الإستفهام تُحْذَفُ مِنْ الأسئلةِ
المُخْبَرة عَنْهاِ. 4. In Yes / No type questions the reported question begins with 'if' or 'whether' e.g., 4. في نعم / لا نوعَ يَستجوبُ السؤالَ المُخْبَر
عَنْهُ يَبْدأُ به 'إذا' أَو 'سواء' ومثال على ذلكِ: - , Question - "Were the people who called French?"Reported question - He asked if the people who called had been French.
How to report requests and commands. كَيفَ يُبلغُ عن الطلباتِ والأوامرِ. 1. We use the verbs ' tell' for commands and 'ask' for requests.1. نَستعملُ الأفعالَ 'تُخبرُ' للأوامرِ و'تَسْألَ'
للطلباتِ. 2. Other reporting verbs are used to give a summary of what people have said so verbs like, 'advise', 'reply', 'beg', 'answer', 'urge', etc. 2. أفعال الذِكْر الأخرى تُستَعملُ لإعْطاء a خلاصة
الذي قالَ الناسَ لذا أفعالَ مثل، 'يَنْصحُ'، 'إجابة'، 'يَستجدى'، 'جواب'، 'حافز'،
الخ. 3. The word order which is used when you are reporting questions and requests is: 3. إنّ ترتيبَ الكلمات الذي يُستَعملُ متى أنت تُبلغُ
عن الأسئلةِ والطلباتِ: asked / told + subject + to + verb e.g.,"Come on!" He told her to come on."Fill in this form, please" The receptionist asked him to fill"إملأْ هذا الشكلِ، رجاءً "موظف
الإستقبال يَطْلبُ مِنْه المَلْئ in the form Read these rules for reporting speech. Click on all the rules which are correct. إقرأْ هذه القواعدِ لتَقديم تقرير الخطابِ. النقرة على
كُلّ القواعد التي صحيحة. Pronouns do not change in reported speech. The word order of reporting questions and requests is: asked / told + person + to + verb. The Present Simple in direct speech changes to Past Simple in reported speech. When you report what people ask the word order changes to the same as the order in a statement. The Present Continuous in direct speech changes to Past Continuous in reported speech. The Present Perfect in direct speech changes to Past Perfect in reported speech. The Past Perfect and all modal verbs do not change in reported speech.
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