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Here are the words for some of the different physical features which can be found on earth. These are divided into those found on mountains or hills, in the jungle, at sea, or in other places. The earth's features.
1. Sea and Oceans. Water covers more of the earth than land. Here are some of the words which are associated with the world's seas and oceans. The seabed is the bottom of an ocean or the sea.Coral is a large area of very hard, pink material. It is made from the bones which come from very small sea animals.Reefs are large areas of coral which are under the sea.Tidal waves are very large waves, up to 100 metres, which travel across oceans.Marine life is a phrase given to all things, plant and animal, which live in the sea.An estuary is the place where rivers flow into the sea.Estuaries are also called the mouths of rivers.A fishing fleet is a group of several boats which go out fishing together.Deep sea diving is the act of swimming down to very great depths of the sea.On the seabed you might find shipwrecks which are the remains of ships which have sunk.A lighthouse is a tall, thin building with a very bright light on the top. The light warns ships of dangers in the sea.A sandbar is a long, thin area of sand which rises out of the sea. These are dangerous for ships.A whirlpool is an area of sea which spins around very fast and can suck ships under the water.The tides are the daily movements of the sea out of and into the shore. These are caused by the pull of the moon.The sea current is the movement of the sea.Oil spills are large areas of oil on the sea caused by damage to tankers. Oil spills kill birds and sea-life.The shipping lanes are areas in busy seas which define where ships can go.
2. Woods, Forests and Jungles. The woods, forests and jungles are areas of trees on our planet. The trees help clean the earth's air and are very important to the planet. The wide range of animals, trees, plants and insects in a rainforest is called bio-diversity.The trunk is the main part of a tree. It grows vertically out of the ground.Branches are the parts of trees which grow out horizontally from the trunk.Evergreen trees are common in jungles. They never lose their leaves.The rainforest is a hot, sticky area of jungle. There are important rainforests in Brazil.Indians is the general name for the peoples who live in jungles. Indians live in different tribes. Forest fires often break out in hot areas. These fires damage large areas of forest.Cannibals are people who are said to eat other people. They often live in jungles.Pigmies are very, very, short people who live in African jungles.
3. Hills and mountains. High areas of ground are called hills and very high ground are mountains. Here are some of the words connected to hills and mountains. Caves are large openings, like tunnels, into hills or mountains. Animals and humans can live in caves.The tops of mountains are called the peaks or the summit.Cliffs are vertical surfaces on the sides of mountains.The foothills are an area at the bottom of mountains between the flat and the high ground.Volcanoes are types of mountains which are the places where the hot rock from inside the earth comes to the surface. Volcanoes erupt and lava flows out of them.Waterfalls are places in rivers where there are steep drops. Niagara Falls is the most famous waterfall in the world.A valley is a low area between two hills. Valleys often have rivers flowing through them.The height of mountains is measured in altitude.Chair-lifts carry people up and down mountains. People sit on the chair-lift seats and are carried.
4. Other places and features on the earth. Here are a variety of other types of physical features which are found in different parts of the world. The desert is a large area of sand. Deserts have very little rainfall.An oasis is a small area of water in the middle of a desert.Sand dunes are high areas of sand. They are found either in deserts or near the sea.Marshes are areas of wet land.Swamps are found in hot countries. They are a mixture of river and land.Plains are large areas of flat land.Grasslands are large, flat areas of land which have high grass on them.The bush is used to describe areas of land in the USA which are not used for farming.Arable land is that which is used to grow crops.Read these sentences and drag the missing place into the correct space. The Titanic is a famous shipwreck in the Atlantic Ocean. The Great Barrier Reef is off the Eastern coast of Australia. Angel Falls is a waterfall in Venezuela. K2 is a mountain in Pakistan. A large area of Brazil is tropical rainforest. Vesuvius is a famous volcano near Naples in Italy. The Atacama desert is in Northern Chile. There are many swamps with alligators in Florida. On July 17, 1998 in Papua, New Guinea a tidal wave killed more than 2,500 people. Pigmies live in the Ndoki Forest, in the Congo, in Africa. Look at the list of physical features at the bottom. Decide which of the categories each feature best fits into. Drag the feature into the correct category. Features which are wet tides, currents, sandbars, whirlpools, estuaries, seabed, oil spills
Features with a connection to height caves, summits, cliffs, peaks
Features found on flat land grasslands, arable land, bush
Features connected to trees branches, trunks, evergreens, forest fires Read these sentences about different physical features on the earth and type in the missing word. The only place where camels can drink in a desert is an oasis. Skiers use chair-lifts to carry them to the ski-slopes. People who eat other people are called cannibals. In busy seas, tankers need to keep in the correct shipping lane otherwise there will be a collision. Many people drown because the current drags them out to sea. If we are describing how high a mountain is, we talk about its altitude. Destruction of the rainforests is causing global warming. Lava flows out of erupting volcanoes. The type of tree which never loses its leaves is an evergreen tree. Lighthouses use a powerful light to warn ships of dangers in the seas. bones (n)our bones are hard, white material inside our bodies. break out (phrasal verb)here, to start. camels (n)large, yellow animals with humps. collision (n)a collision is when two things knock into each other. define (v)if you define something, you give a clear and exact description of it. destruction (n)the process of destroying something. drop (n)here, a fall or a vertical surface. drown (v)to die in water. flows (v)moves in a direction. mixture (n)when two or more things have been put together. For example, a mixture of eggs, milk and butter is used to make omelettes. remains (n)what is left over. ski -slopes (phrase)the places on a mountain where people ski. sticky (adj)wet and can join things together. suck (v)to pl in one direction. sunk (v)past participle of 'sink'. tankers (n)very large ships used to carry oil. warns (v)tells someone of a possible danger. |
