Mary Williams
Essay 2
October 26, 2001

   David Crystal wrote that  "Borrowing is to introduce a word or some other linguistic feature from one language or dialect into another"( 449). English borrowed many words from different languages. Celtic language had little influence on the English language.  There are only about twenty-four words in the English language that were borrowed from the Celtic language. David Crystal gave this list of words that English borrowed from Celtic: " crag, cumb 'deep valley', binn 'bin', carr 'rock', dunn 'grey, dun', brock 'badger', and torr 'peak'(8).  Latin had a major influence on English language. Many of the words that English borrowed from Latin had to do with, "plants, animals, food and drink, and household items"(Crystal,8).  Some examples of Latin words that were borrowed are, "pise 'pea', plante 'plant', win 'wine', cyse 'cheese', catte 'cat', cetel 'kettle', disc 'dish', and candel 'candle'"(25).  Scandinavian language also had an effect on English languages.  They brought a lot of general words into the English language. Almost 1,000 of the general words became common in Standard English.  Many of the borrowed words appeared in the 12th century.  Some examples of the words that English borrowed from Scandinavian are, "skirt, sky, skin, both, same, get, give, they, them, and their"(Crystal, 25).

Hosted by www.Geocities.ws

1