A. What is personality?
Characteristics
that make you unique
B. Internal and external determinants
C. Why is personality important in sport psychology?
D.
Approaches to personality
1. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) developed both a theory of
personality and methods for treating abnormal behaviors
1) the emphasis was on biologically-based drives and instincts
2) the emphasis was on early childhood experiences as
determinants of adult behavior
3) the emphasis was on
the irrational and unconscious
4) organization of
personality
a.
id—seeks to gratify
primary drives and urges (“I need);
b.
ego—rational part
that seeks to gratify needs within societal demands, the ability to plan and
compromise;
c.
the superego—the moral
and absolute standards as interpreted by parents through introjection, the part that restrains and says “no”
Question: What would an athlete be like if one of
these parts of personality were dominant over others? Do you know anyone like this?
1. Assumes that
major traits determine personality
1.
Basic concepts
a.
behaviors are learned through environmental interactions
b.
no attention to role of past experience or unconscious
causes
c.
attention given to observable and measurable behaviors
d.
1.
Assumes that behavior is determined by social environment
a. modeling and observational learning;
b. what makes an
effective “model?”: similarity, competence, warmth, control of resources
Interactional
Approach (B is a function of traits and environment)
1. Measuring traits and states. Assignment: Design a
measure of traits and states.
2. Situation specific measures. Specific to sports contexts.
F. Who can and should use psychological
measures?
1. Error in tests.
2.
Tests can’t be used for team selection.
3. Confidentiality.
4. Objective and projective tests.
G. Positive mental health and sport performance
1. “iceberg profile”
2. Type A behavior
3. Self-concept
4. Focusing and visualization
Question: What types of cognitive strategies have you used?