This is a very basic explantion of music theory. I will cover the major and minor keys and chords. All music theory is based around the major scale. A scale is a combinatino of whole and half steps. A major scale would be w-w-h-w-w-w-h-h. So if we started on C the scale would be C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C A major chord would be constructed of the 1st 3rd and 5th notes on the scale. A minor Would be 1st flattened 3rd and a major 5th. These basic rules apply to the key itself. This basic theory was applied mainly on to the stringed instruments beacuse of the ability to play multiple notes at once. This is about as much as I can say without going to greatly indepth hear are some terms and then some links if you wish to further study music theory.
monophonic-A score with a sinlge line singing the melody
polyphonic- A score with more than one line singing both parts in unison.
mondy- A score with multiply line singing different parts.
Hexachord-A cord consiting of the root and 5th(perfect fifth, later known as power chord)
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