Cell membrane- controls movement into and out of the
cell. Separates the cell from its surrounding environment.
Selectively permeable- allows
some substances to pass freely through the membrane while others can pass
through to a slight extent or not at all.
***2 layers***
cytoplasm- watery fluid within the cell. All the
cell’s organelle’s are suspended in the cytoplasm. (like jello)
Nucleus- the “brain” of the cell. It is the
control center of the cell. It is the largest organelle. It contains the cell’s
genetic info in the form of chromosomes.
(chromosomes are rodlike
structures in cells that undergoes division and contains hereditary info about
the organism.)
Nulceolus-
small organelle within the nucleus that functions by forming ribosomes.
Ribosomes- small dense organelles that make proteins.
Find them on the rough ER and floating in the cytoplasm.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-
acts as a pathway, a system of channels for the transport of materials through
the cell.
1) Rough ER- where proteins are made
2) Smooth ER- acts as a pathway throughout the
cytoplasm.
Mitochondria (site of aerobic respiration).- “powerhouse” of the cell.
Contains the enzyme that is necessary to allow the
cell to perform certain aspects of cellular respiration. They release the
energy in food molecules for use by the cell. They have their own DNA. The
ruffled inner membrane is called CRISTAE.
Cellular respiration- the
process by which the energy of food is released by the mitochondria and
elsewhere in the cell.
Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
Golgi body- stacks of flattened membrane
sacs. Act as processing, packaging, and storage centers for the products
released from the cell. It works with the ER to modify proteins and transport
them to different parts of the cell.
Lysosome- is like the cell’s stomach or immune
system. Small saclike
organelles that contain STRONG digestive enzymes. Break down worn out organelles. Help the
body’s defense against disease.
Centriole- functions in the process of cell
division (mitosis & meiosis). 9 sets of 3 arrangements of
the protein fibers.
PLANT ONLY:
Cell Wall- acts as a mechanical SUPPORT
and PROTECTION for the cell. Made of cellulose (complex
carbohydrate).
Vacuoles- Large vacuole/central vacuole. Fluid filled organelle. Acts as a storage
site for certain cell products. It contains water (H2O), enzymes and
other substances. It serves to store food molecules, non-
removable wastes or secretion products.
*******IMPORTANT*********
Chloroplast- contains
pigment called chlorophyll (makes plants green). IT IS WHERE PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCURS!!!!!