CARBOHYDRATES

 

Carbohydrate- sugars and starches; they are the first source of energy for humans and animals.  They contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.  They are shaped in rings.

 

****SUGARS END IN “OSE”****

 

TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES:

 

Monosaccharide- simplest carbohydrate; simple sugar (examples: glucose, fructose, galactose)

 

Disaccharide- two simple sugars combined to form a double sugar (example: maltose)

 

Polysaccharide- several simple sugars that are joined together.

 

WAY TO MAKE A DISACCHARIDE:

 

Dehydration Synthesis- the combining of small molecules to form a large molecule by the removal of water in the presence of enzymes.

                        enzymes

example: glucose + glucose----------------------à maltose

                        removal of water

 

Dehydration= removal of water

Synthesis= building large molecules from small molecules

 

TO BREAK UP A DISACCHARIDE:

 

Hydrolysis- the breaking down of large molecules into smaller molecules by adding water and enzymes

Enzymes

example: maltose-----------------à glucose + glucose

adding water

 

hydro= water

lysis= break apart