Tanulmányok:
A lista végén újabb címek találhatók! (4 német + 1 francia) - 2008. április 11.
Bruce J Berman,
Ethnicity, Patronage and the African State: The Politics of Uncivil Nationalism
In: African Affairs, Vol. 97, No. 388. (Jul., 1998), pp. 305-341.
Recent research has revealed that modern African ethnicity is a social construction of the colonial period through the reactions of pre-colonial societies to the social, economic, cultural and political forces of colonialism. Ethnicity is the product of a continuing historical process, always simultaneously old and new, grounded in the past and perpetually in creation. Colonial states were grounded in the alliances with local 'Big Men', incorporating ethnically-defined administrative units linked to the local population by incorporation of pre-colonial patron-client relations. This was reinforced by European assumptions of neatly bounded and culturally homogeneous 'tribes' and a bureaucratic preoccupation with demarcating, classifying and counting subject populations, as well as by the activities of missionaries and anthropologists.
African ethnic invention emerged through internal struggles over moral economy and political legitimacy tied to the definition of ethnic communities--moral ethnicity; and external conflicts over differential access to the resources of modernity and economic accumulation--political tribalism. Ethnicities were, in particular, the creations of elites seeking the basis for a conservative modernization. The colonial legacy of bureaucratic authoritarianism, pervasive patron-client relations, and a complex ethnic dialectic of assimilation, fragmentation and competition has persisted in post-colonial societies. Patron-client networks remain the fundamental state-society linkage in circumstances of social crisis and uncertainty and have extended to the very centre of the state.
This accounts for the personalistic, materialistic and opportunistic character of African politics. Such networks also penetrate institutions of civil society and liberal democracy, undermining programmes of socio-economic and political reform.
Bonnie Campbell,
L'Ajustement en Afrique: L'experience de la Cote d'Ivoire
In: Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Etudes Africaines, Vol. 29, No. 2. (1995), pp. 290-302. sample
Yvan Droz,
Genese d'une "ethnie": le cas des Kikuyus du Kenya central
In: Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Etudes Africaines, Vol. 32, No. 2. (1998), pp. 261-284. sample
Following an overview of the historiography on the origins and social reproduction of local populations in central Kenya, and on the Kikuyu in particular, this article analyses how the British colonial administration constructed concepts of "tribe" and "ethnicity" and the way that local groups then reappropriated them. The deconstruction of these ethnological concepts prompted Anglo-Saxon anthropology to develop the notion of ethnicity. The author then analyses the subsequent development of a catalogue of identities ("registre identitaire") among the Kikuyu and the way that it has shaped their society in the twentieth century.
Finally, the conclusion emphasizes how this ethnic register has led to political polarization in contemporary Kenya and its consequences.
Myriam Gervais,
Les Enjeux politiques des ajustements structurels au Niger, 1983-1990
In: Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Etudes Africaines, Vol. 26, No. 2. (1992), pp. 226-249.
The review of structural adjustment measures in Niger from 1983 to 1990 reveals that, in fact, the State has tried to evade IMF and World Bank imposed conditions. A detailed examination of the reforms implemented through the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP) shows how state power holders attempted to obstruct changes to existing patterns of resource allocation. Government behaviour toward SAP implementation underscores the issues and internal interests at stake and shows, in practice, how political choices have consisted in deciding on which social groups would fall the greater proportion of adjustment costs. This article stresses the political consequences of policy choices over compliance or non-compliance with SAP. The Nigerian case illustrates the government's capacity to resist when faced with measures that could compromise its control over resource allocation. The article concludes that political dimensions must be considered in evaluating structural adjustment programmes.
Ilunga Kabongo,
Le marecage ou le Zaire des annees 1990
In: Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Etudes Africaines, Vol. 33, No. 2/3, Special Issue: French-Speaking Central Africa: Political Dynamics of Identities and Representations. (1999), pp. 410-431.
In 1985, in the previous special issue of the Canadian Journal of African Studies on Congo-Kinshasa, the author analyzed the situation in Zaire in the early 1980s, which he saw as marked above all by economic crisis. Here, in attempting to show the structural causes of the absolute paralysis of economic and political life in Congo today, he underscores the instability of domestic political life: the dictator has built instability into a system, and that system has poisoned the entire society.
Martin Kalulambi Pongo
Memoire de la violence: du Congo des rebellions au Zaire des pillages
In: Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Etudes Africaines, Vol. 33, No. 2/3, Special Issue: French-Speaking Central Africa: Political Dynamics of Identities and Representations. (1999), pp. 549-570.
The author looks into the chain of political violence, as well as into political discourse about past violence, experienced by ordinary Congolese from Independence up to the present. According to him, every major outburst of political violence underwent a discursive recuperation by Congolese/Zairian politicians and produced its own social memory.
The Zairian state political culture of violence, blended with people's experience of every day violence (economic and social), explains the generalisation of violence during the 1990s civil wars and lootings of all major and medium-sized cities.
Martin Kilson
African Political Change and the Modernisation Process
In: The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 1, No. 4. (Dec., 1963), pp. 425-440.
(elkelt)
Roman Loimeier; Stefan Reichmuth
Zur Dynamik religiös-politischer Netzwerke in muslimischen Gesellschaften
In: Die Welt des Islams, New Ser., Vol. 36, Issue 2. (Jul., 1996), pp. 145-185. sample
Nyunda ya Rubango
Le Congo et l'Afrique face aux enjeux et aux paradoxes de la francophonie
In: Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines, Vol. 33, No. 2/3,Special Issue: French-Speaking Central Africa: Political Dynamics of Identities and Representations. (1999), pp. 571-583.
In his analyses of the institutions and policies of the Francophonie (French speaking states commonwealth), the author looks closely into the role of African states and gives special attention to the Zaire/Congo involvement. He stresses political aspects of the Francophonie in both French and African state politics. He demonstrates how the presentation of Zaire as the second French-speaking nation of the world, based on the fact that French is the language of public administration, was manipulated. The author concludes with a few observations about Laurent-Desire Kabila's ambiguous attitute toward the Francophonie.
Bruno Sarrasin
Les Couts sociaux de l'ajustement structurel en Afrique subsaharienne: Evolution des critiques externes et des réponses de la Banque Mondiale
In: Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines, Vol. 31, No. 3. (1997), pp. 517-553.
Since their inception in the 1980s, the social costs of structural adjustment programmes or the negative impacts that these measures have had on the poor, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, have provoked much controversy. Indeed, from 1980 to 1995, several critics have denounced the purely economic focus of the structural adjustment programmes developed by the World Bank. They argue that the neoliberal model underlying these measures did not help in the fight against poverty in which the Bank claims to be engaged. In responding to these critics, the Bank has not altered the a priori concepts underlying the structural adjustment programs. A case study of Ghana shows that the Bank's attempts to reconcile the objectives of structural adjustment and the struggle against poverty without fundamental changes to its neoliberal model of development are inevitably doomed to fail.
Emmanuel Terray
Sociétés segmentaires, chefferies, Etats: acquis et problemes
In: Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines, Vol. 19, No. 1. (1985), pp. 106-115. sample
David J. Francis,
Peacekeeping in Africa.
In: Major powers and peacekeeping : perspectives, priorities and the challenges of military intervention / edited by Rachel E. Utley. Aldershot, England ; Burlington, VT : Ashgate, c2006. 101-118.o.
(elkelt)
Robert Astroff and David Meren,
Short-Term Gain, Long-Term Pain : An Assessment of United Nations Chapter VII Activities in Central Africa
In: Twisting arms and flexing muscles : humanitarian intervention and peacebuilding in perspective / edited by Natalie Mychajlyszyn and Timothy M. Shaw. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, c2005. 53-74.o.
(elkelt)
Daniel Bach,
The Global Politics of Regionalism: Africa.
In: Global Politics of Regionalism : Theory and Practice / ed. By Mary Farrell, Bjorn Hettne, and Luk Van Langenhove. London ; Ann Arbor, MI : Pluto Press, 2005. 171-186.o.
(elkelt)
Volker Matthies,
Subsahara-Afrika - vom Schauplatz des Ost-West-Konflikts zur peripheren Katastrophenregion?
In: Die Welt der 90er Jahre : das Ende der Illusionen / Mir A. Ferdowsi (Hg.) ; mit Beiträgen von Ernst-Otto Czempiel [et al.]. Bonn : J. H. W. Dietz Nachfolger, c1994, 199-214.o.
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Rasheed Draman,
Conflict prevention in Africa : Establishing conditions and institutions conducive to durable peace.
In: Conflict prevention : path to peace or grand illusion? / edited by David Carment and Albrecht Schnabel.
Tokyo : United Nations University Press, c2003., 233-253.o.
(elkelt)
Lospinoso, Mariannita, Dal villaggio alla citta. Nuove strategie di vita in Senegal
20, Antropologia urbana. Progettare e abitare: le contraddizioni dell'urban planning
Oct., 1989, pp57-62
AB : In the urban and rural areas of Senegal traditional groups and societies are now developing new dynamics on the basis of ancestral institutions, norms and values. Agricultural labour, carriage services, trading and informal activities, social ascent in urban context, are organized on families or groups strategies, based on traditional obligations, in order to deal with struggle for life, taking all the opportunities offered by the social and economical development.
Casciarri, Barbara, Essere 'arab tra gli Ahamda del Sudan centrale: Riflessioni sulla 'identita nomade' tra Africa e Medio-Oriente
S2 : Societa pastorali d'Africa e d'Asia
NO : 40, Societa pastorali d'Africa e d'Asia
DA : Oct., 1999
PP : 117-134
AB : This article focuses on the notion of 'arab, as conceived among the Ahomda pastoralist society of Central Sudan. Although a widely-accepted translation makes the term synonymous of "pastoral-nomad", the concept's emic (and sometimes ethic) definition includes features (e.g. politics, kinship and marriage systems, religion) that beyond the primary factors based on economics and mobility. Studies of the construction of an 'arab identity in Sudan show this to be (in its opposition to the non-nomad pole) a historical product, subject to possible redefinition and shift among both human groups interpreted through contrastive categories and positive/negative values. Nonetheless, the comparative level of analogous identities in the Muslim Arab world leads us to account for the possibility of a "reconstruction" from new foundations (neither simply deterministic nor historical) of the recently deconstructed categories of nomad and/or pastoral peoples.
European Public Opinion and Aid to Africa: Is There a Link?
Olsen, Gorm Rye
The Journal of Modern African Studies
VO : 39
NO : 4
DA : Dec., 2001
PP : 645-674
(elkelt)
TI : Colonial Style and Post-Colonial Ethnic Conflict in Africa
AU : Blanton, Robert; Mason, T. David; Athow, Brian
SO : Journal of Peace Research
VO : 38
NO : 4
DA : Jul., 2001
PP : 473-491
(elkelt)
TI : "A Palimpsest of Contradictions": Ethnicity, Class, and Politics
in Africa
AU : Berman, Bruce J.
SO : The International Journal of African Historical Studies
VO : 37
NO : 1
DA : 2004
TI : Reflections on Thabo Mbekis African Renaissance
AU : Bongmba, Elias K.
SO : Journal of Southern African Studies
VO : 30
NO : 2
DA : Jun., 2004
PP : 291-316
In this article, I analyse Thabo Mbeki 's call for an African Renaissance, and argue that, as a general response to the crisis in Africa, the African Renaissance should be debated within a broader intellectual tradition of renewal. I argue that Mbeki's call is timely because he calls for the liberalisation of African states and their economies; the institution of values that must replace corruption and incompetence; as well as seeking the peaceful resolution of conflicts, and encouraging an Africa-centred engagement that will promote trade and sustainable development. I further argue that the African Renaissance is an imperative because it demands a post-nationalist agenda that takes the African region seriously, calls for the revitalisation of Africa's cultural ideals, and promotes a new political culture. In the final section of the article, I argue that the Renaissance is an imperative because of the precarious socio-economic situation in Africa. South African President Thabo Mbeki has made the African Renaissance a key component of his governing ideology. In this article, I review Mbeki's call for an African Renaissance and the various reactions to his proposals and I argue that the renaissance imperative, as outlined by Mbeki, is crucial for reconfiguring the human condition in Africa. I reflect as an African who now lives and works in academia in an American university. This article is part of a larger project that analyses responses to the African crisis.
It reflects my sympathies and appreciation of the call for a renewal of values and individual and social practices that shape public life. In analysing and endorsing Mbeki's call for a Renaissance, I do not imply that this is the only approach to solving Africa's problems. While I believe the time has come for a Renaissance, I do not seek in this article to turn Mbeki into a political messiah. I only concur with his call for a Renaissance in Africa.
TI : Peasants and Rural Social Protest in Africa
AU : Isaacman, Allen
SO : African Studies Review
VO : 33
NO : 2
DA : Sep., 1990
PP : 1-120
TI : States at War: Confronting Conflict in Africa
AU : Newbury, Catharine
SO : African Studies Review
VO : 45
NO : 1
DA : Apr., 2002
PP : 1-20
(elkelt)
TI : Security in Southern Africa: After Apartheid, beyond Realism
AU : Booth, Ken; Vale, Peter
SO : International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs
1944-)
VO : 71
NO : 2
DA : Apr., 1995
PP : 285-304
(elkelt)
TI : A Few Considerations on Democracy in Africa
AU : Chabal, Patrick
SO : International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs
1944-)
VO : 74
NO : 2
DA : Apr., 1998
PP : 289-303
(elkelt)
Economic Reform in a Democratizing Africa
AU : van de Walle, Nicolas
SO : Comparative Politics
VO : 32
NO : 1
DA : Oct., 1999
PP : 21-41
(elkelt)
TI : Regional Integration in Post-Apartheid Southern Africa: The Case
of Renegotiating the Southern African Customs Union
AU : Gibb, Richard
SO : Journal of Southern African Studies
VO : 23
NO : 1
DA : Mar., 1997
PP : 67-86
Regional economic cooperation and integration throughout southern
Africa is experiencing a fundamental realignment in the post-apartheid
era. This paper examines what is widely regarded as one of the most effectively functioning trade arrangements in Africa: the Southern African
Customs Union (SACU) between Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland
(BLNS) and South Africa. It is shown that the Customs Union is extremely important for South Africa and crucial for the BLNS countries. Since
the late 1970s, however, the member states of SACU have been dissatisfied with its functioning and performance. In the context of the present renegotiations, the current paper examines some of the key features of the Union and the positions of BLNS and South Africa. It is argued that SACU cannot be understood in regional terms alone. Multilateralism and international regionalism, although associated with different modes of international regulation, have an important influence on the nature and evolution of trading arrangements in the sub-continent.
TI : The Management of Border Disputes in African Regional Sub-Systems:
Comparing West Africa and the Horn of Africa
AU : Kornprobst, Markus
SO : The Journal of Modern African Studies
VO : 40
NO : 3
DA : Sep., 2002
PP : 369-393
AB : In Africa, the management of border disputes varies from
sub-region to sub-region. Most puzzling is the difference between West Africa
and the Horn of Africa. In the latter, border disputes are much more
likely to escalate into war than in the former. Seeking to solve this
puzzle, this study focuses on the territorial integrity norm. It departs
from existing accounts of this norm in two ways: first, it does not choose
the region but the sub-region as the level of analysis. Second, it
does not isolate the territorial integrity norm from its social context
but analyses the interplay of the norm with the social structure in which
it is embedded. It concludes that the territorial integrity norm in
West Africa is part of a social structure different from that in the Horn
of Africa. It is this difference that explains the different patterns
of conflict management in the two sub-regions.
TI : Strategic Rivalries, Protracted Conflict, and Crisis Escalation
AU : Colaresi, Michael; Thompson, William R.
SO : Journal of Peace Research
VO : 39
NO : 3
DA : May, 2002
PP : 263-287
(elkelt)
Decentralisation through the Lens of the Failed State. By: McAllister, Georgina.
Civil Wars, Summer2002, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p122, 18p
Deals with the emergence of decentralization as a strategy for so-called failed states. Analysis of the African experience of state formation and nation building; Origins of state; Implications of failed states.
Refugees and Security in the Great Lakes Region of Africa. By: Mills, Kurt; Norton, Richard J..
Civil Wars, Spring2002, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p1, 26p
Examines how the Rwandan refugee crisis created in the wake of the 1994 genocide created a security threat at many different levels. Brief history of Rwanda; Reasons the Hutu fled the Rwandan Patriotic Front; Possible responses to the security crisis in the Great Lakes.
The privatization of Security: Modern Conflict, Globalization and Weak States. By: Taulbee, James Larry.
Civil Wars, Summer2002, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p1, 24p
Deals with the emergence of private companies that provide defense services as a firmly entrenched feature of contemporary international politics. Social conditions that were attributed to the emergence; Details on the case of Africa; Comparison between private military companies and private security companies; Recommendations.
Civil War in the Post-Colonial World, 1946-92. By: A. Henderson, Errol; Singer, J. David.
Journal of Peace Research, May2000, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p275, 25p, 1 chart
Presents a study which analyzed the extent to which political, economic and cultural factors are associated with civil wars in the post-colonial states of Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Propositions on the political, economic, and cultural factors that give rise to civil wars; Evaluation of the propositions using logistics regression analyses; Findings and discussion on the implications for research and policy.
Civil War in Sudan: The Paradox of Human Rights and National Sovereignty. By: Mayotte, Judy.
Journal of International Affairs, Winter94, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p497, 28p;
(elkelt)
The cold war comes to Africa: Cordier and the 1960 Congo crisis. By: Collins, Carole J.L..
Journal of International Affairs, Summer93, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p243, 27p;
Presents the winning essay of Carole J.L. Collins on the `Journal of International Affairs' tenth annual Spring Cordier Essay Competition. Essay criticizing Dean Andrew W. Cordier's role in the overthrow of Congolese nationalist leader Patrice Lumumba during the 1961 United Nations (U.N.) intervention in the Belgian Congo crisis; Views of U.N. mediation; Reflections of U.N. mediation.
State Building and Democratization in Sub-Saharan Africa Forwards, Backwards, or Together? By: Bratton, Michael; Chang, Eric C. C..
Comparative Political Studies, Nov2006, Vol. 39 Issue 9, p1059-1083, 25p, 2 charts;
Across sub-Saharan Africa. new democracies emerge only in the context of relatively effective states. Using aggregate indicators of democracy and governance plus new public opinion data, the authors show which aspects of state building are most important. The scope of state infrastructure and the delivery of welfare services have little impact on democratization. But the establishment of a rule of law--as experienced through improvements in personal security and the popular perception that leaders respect the constitution--is critical to building democracy. But because the legitimacy of the state is itself a reciprocal product of democratization, studies of African states and regimes, presently separated, should be connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Public Policy Failure or Historical Debacle? A Study of Eritrea's Relations With Ethiopia Since 1991. By: Villicana, Rom�n L�pez; Venkataraman, M..
Review of Policy Research, Mar2006, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p549-571, 24p, 1 chart, 1 diagram; DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2006.00215.x;
(elkelt)
Transnational organized crime in West Africa: the additional challenge. By: MAZZITELLI, ANTONIO L..
International Affairs, Nov2007, Vol. 83 Issue 6, p1071-1090, 20p; DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00674.x;
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SADC's Uncommon Approach to Common Security, 1992�2003*. By: Nathan, Laurie.
Journal of Southern African Studies, Sep2006, Vol. 32 Issue 3, p605-622, 18p; DOI: 10.1080/03057070600830755;
(elkelt)
Új címek innen
Die Athiopische Verfassung-Ein modernes Modell fur eine traditionelle Kultur in Afrika
Author(s): Scholler, H .
Journal Title: Verfassung Und Recht in Ubersee 2007; 40 (2)
Page: 159-175
Zwischen Universalismus und Partikularismus: Demokratie in Afrika
Author(s): Hartmann, C .
Journal Title: Verfassung Und Recht in Ubersee 2007; 40 (4)
Page: 408-422
Die Enteignungen in Simbabwe aus v�lkerrechtlicher Sicht
Author(s): Peterhoff, Wolf
Journal Title: Verfassung Und Recht in Ubersee 2005; 38 (4)
Page: 453-465
Friedensprozess und Verfassungsentwicklung im Sudan
Author(s): Elliesie, Hatem
Journal Title: Verfassung Und Recht in Ubersee 2005; 38 (3)
Page: 276-307
Etat bureaucratique, pouvoirs locaux et d�veloppement en Afrique
Author(s): Njoya, Jean
Journal Title: Verfassung Und Recht in Ubersee 2005; 38 (3)
Page: 308-334
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