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Comparing two common messengers :
network expressions Backbone - The part of a network that acts as the primary path for traffic that is most often sourced from, and destined for, other networks. DNS - Domain Naming System - System used in the Internet for translating names of network nodes into addresses. IP - Internet Protocol - Network layer protocol in the TCP/IP stack offering a connectionless internetwork service. IP provides features for addressing, type-of-service specification, fragmentation and reassembly, and security. Documented in RFC 791. An IP with 0’s in the host positions is reserved as the NETWORK ADDRESS. An IP with all 255’s in the host octets is reserved as the BROADCAST ADDRESS. IP datagram fields include Version Number and header length, type of service and total length of datagram, Time-To-Live, which upper-layer protocol has sent the datagram [TCP or UDP], header checksum, source and destination IP addresses, IP options [testing, debugging, security], and of course the data. IP provides connectionless, best-effort routing of datagrams [packets]. It is not concerned with their content; it is looking for ways to move the datagrams to their destination. The Internet protocols can be used to communicate across any set of interconnected networks. They are equally well-suited for both LAN and WAN communication. The Internet protocol suite includes not only Layer 3 and 4 specifications (such as IP and TCP), but also specifications for such common applications as e-mail, remote login, terminal emulation, and file transfer. Protocol - Formal description of a set of rules and conventions that govern how devices on a network exchange information. A protocol is like a language. Protocols allow computers to communicate with each other. They transform information that people understand into a language that computers can understand. This computer language is comprised of 0s and 1s. When it is transmitted over the networking media, computer language is converted into a sequence of voltage pulses called digital signals. TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - Common name for the suite of protocols developed by the U.S. Department of Defense in the 1970s to support the construction of worldwide internetworks. The TCP/IP protocol stack maps closely to the OSI reference model in the lower layers. All standard physical and data-link protocols are supported. TCP/IP information is transferred in a sequence of datagrams. One message may be transmitted as a series of datagrams that are reassembled into the message at the receiving location. The TCP/IP protocol stack has the following components: Protocols to support file transfer, e-mail, remote login, and other applications Reliable and unreliable transports Connectionless datagram deliver at the network layer ICMP provides control and message functions at the network layer. Several protocols operate at the TCP/IP Internet layer, which corresponds to the OSI network layer X.21 - ITU-T standard for serial communications over synchronous digital lines. The X.21 protocol is used primarily in Europe and Japan. |
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