THE BUILDER JANUARY 1926

TURHAND KIRTLAND
FIRST MASTER OF THE FIRST MASONIC LODGE ON THE WESTERN RESERVE

BY BRO. JAMES TYLER Ohio
(Concluded from last month)

THERE were by this time many Masons on the Reserve, and in the
latter part of 1803, the same year in which Ohio was admitted as a
state of the Union, and the fourth under the Federal Constitution,
Judge Kirtland, together with a number of "Free and Accepted
Ancient York Masons" residing in various parts of the then Trumbull
County, met at Warren and agreed to organize and establish a lodge
of the Order to be located at Warren. A petition was sent to the
Grand Lodge of Connecticut as most of the petitioners were members
of Connecticut lodges, praying for authority to form a lodge under
its jurisdiction and protection. Bro. Samuel Tylee, of Hubbard, was
appointed as their representative, and with the petition journeyed
on horseback to New Haven where he presented it to the Grand Lodge
then in session. On Oct. 19, 1803, a charter was granted and Bro.
Tylee was appointed Deputy Grand Master for the purpose of
proceeding to Warren to dedicate the new lodge and install its
officers.

A letter received from Bro. William B. Hall, of Merniden Conn.,
states that the records of the Grand Lodge Communication of Oct.
19, 1803, contain the following reference to Erie Lodge:

The Grand Lodge was opened in the Third Degree of Masonry when a
petition was presented from sundry brethren residing in the County
of Trumbull, and State of Ohio, representing that the fraternity
was numerous in that quarter; and there was no Grand Lodge in that
State, that they had principally emigrated from the State of
Connecticut, and that there was no Grand Lodge to whom they could,
with so much propriety, apply as to this, under whose fostering
hand, much the greatest part of them had derived their existence as
Masons, praying for the formation of a new Lodge in the Town of
Warren, County of Turmbull, aforesaid.

The petition was referred to a special committee who after taking
the subject matter of the same into careful consideration. reported
in favor of the petition, and recommended the adoption of a
resolution that it was expedient to grant the prayer thereof.

After sundry remarks had been made thereon, the report was
accepted, and it was ordered, that a charter be granted, and that
our Worshipful Bro. Turhand Kirtland be the first Master, and the
other officers confirmed in their respective appointments,
agreeable to the prayer of the petitioners. The Lodge to be known
and designated by the name of Erie, No. 47, and the authority given
to them by virtue of this charter to continue and be in force for
one year from and after the time when there shall be a Grand Lodge
regularly constituted within and for the State of Ohio.


On March 16, 1804, at 2 p. m., Deputy Master Tylee, with the pro
tem officers of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut appointed from among
the brethren, opened the Grand Lodge and proceeded to "constitute,
consecrate, and solemnly install the said petitioners and their
said officers by the name of Erie Lodge, No. 47, Ancient, Free and
Accepted York Masons." He then closed the Grand Lodge of
Connecticut and at 5 p. m. the first meeting of the new lodge was
held. The first officers of Erie Lodge, No. 47, were:

Turhand Kirtland, Worshipful Master. 
John Leavitt, Senior Warden. 
William Rayen, Junior Warden. 
Calvin Austin, Treasurer. 
Camden Cleveland, Secretary. 
Aaron Wheeler, Senior Deacon. 
John Walworth, Junior Deacon. 
Dr. Charles Dutton, Arad Way, Stewards. 
Ezekiel Hover, Tyler.

The choice of Judge Kirtland as the first Master of the new lodge
was a well deserved one, not only because he had taken so prominent
a part in the affairs of the Reserve but also because of his
previous Masonic record. He was Worshipful Master of Compass Lodge,
No. 9, of Wallingford, Conn., in 1783, 1789, 1795 and 1800, and he
represented Compass Lodge at a convention held at the home of Bro.
Brown, in New Haven, on April 29, 1783, for the purpose of forming
the Grand Lodge of Connecticut. He was one of the signers of the
first constitution of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut, on July 8,
1789, twelve lodges being represented. He acted as Grand Junior
Warden at a Special Communication of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut
on Dec. 30, 1794, and he was present at the Communications of the
Grand Lodge of Connecticut on Oct. 14, 1795; Oct. 18, 1797, and May
14, 1800.

Lodge attendance was beset with many hardships in a partially
settled wilderness. "Searching old records, one often will find
meeting nights adjusted to come in the full of the moon, so that
brethren could have light to aid them in finding their way home."
Where the lodge was organized and held its first meetings is not
now known. "Tradition, having foundation no doubt in fact, says
that they met in 1810 in the gambrel-roofed, red-frame building, in
which the (old) Western Reserve Bank was first organized, that
stood on the east side of Main street."

Later, and during the war with Great Britain (1812 - 1815), they
met at a tavern then standing on the west side and just back from
Main street. "From this room they marched in procession, on the
celebration of St. John's Day, in June of one of those years, to a
log building then used as a school house, standing on the northwest
corner of the park (Monumental)."

"Soon after this, probably in 1816, they removed to 'Castle
William,' afterwards known as the Pavillion Hotel," located on the
south side of Market street. They continued to occupy this room
until about 1829 when the lodge entered upon a period of inactivity
lasting for over twenty-five years and brought about by the
anti-Masonic tempest of 1826. The building was called "Castle
William" after the first name of its owner, Bro. William Cotgreave.
It was one of the most notable structures in Warren of the early
days and was at first a log cabin built by Jacob Harsh in 1802.
About the year 1807 Bro. Cotgreave, who had purchased the property,
made an extensive but extremely homely addition, the lower story of
which was made of logs in block-house fashion, while the upper two
stories were frame gabled roof. "For many years, until the fire of
1846, in and out, round and about it surged much of the judicial,
social, political, religious and literary life of the village." At
first the lower story was used as a jail and the upper in common as
a court room, church, Masonic hall and for public meetings, shows,
balls, etc. In 1828, "Castle William" was purchased by James L.
Vangorder and underwent extensive repairs. It was then known as the
"Pavillion Hotel" and was the headquarters of seven stage routes
which daily passed through the village.

Erie Lodge, No. 47, continued to work under the authority so
granted, "until considering that greater benefits would arise to
the Craft by the formation of a Grand Lodge for the State of Ohio,
they on the 11th of March, 1807, at their annual meeting, appointed
George Tod, John Leavitt and Wm. Rayen a committee to correspond
with the other lodges of the state on the subject." At a meeting of
the lodge, held Nov. 11, 1807, this committee reported that they
had received communications in answer to theirs from lodges at
Marietta, Cincinnati, Zanesville and Chillicothe, relative to the
formation of a Grand Lodge. The lodge then elected George Tod and
John W. Seeley delegates from Erie Lodge, No. 47, to meet delegates
from these lodges in a convention to be held at Chillicothe on the
first Monday of January, 1818. "Thus to Erie Lodge belongs the
honor of being the first to suggest and first to take the
initiative towards establishing the Grand Lodge of Ohio."

At this convention the six lodges then existing in the state were
represented. They were located respectively at Marietta,
Cincinnati, Worthington, Warren and Zanesville. The lodge at
Worthington was represented by its W. M., the Rev. James Kilbourne,
but for some reason, not now known, his credentials were not deemed
sufficient and the lodge was not allowed a representative in the
convention. (Rev. Kilbourne later held many offices in the Grand
Lodge.) Robert Oliver, of Union Lodge, No. 1, Marietta, was made
chairman and George Tod, of Erie Lodge, was appointed secretary.
After deliberating for some days the convention unanimously adopted
a resolution, proposed by Lewis Cass, of Zanesville, and seconded
by Bro. John W. Seeley, of Erie Lodge, as follows:

"Resolved That it is expedient to form a Grand Lodge in this
state."

In the election which followed, Rufus Putnam, the "Father and
Founder of Ohio," was elected M. W. Grand Master and Bro. George
Tod R. W. Senior Grand Warden. Among the papers of Bro. George Tod
in the possession of the Western Reserve Historical Society,
Cleveland, Ohio, is a copy of the printed proceedings of this
convention. The signature of Bro. Tod appears on the title page,
which reads as follows:

Proceedings
of the
Grand Convention
of
Free Masons
in the
State of Ohio

Published for the Society

Chillicothe
Printed at Brothers Parcells & Barnes
A. L. 5808 - A. D. 1808

The delegates to this convention reported its proceedings at the
annual meeting of Erie Lodge March 9, 1808, and at a meeting held
Dec. 5, 1809, the lodge appointed Bros. George Tod, Samuel
Huntington and John H. Adgate as their representatives to the first
Grand Communication of the Grand Lodge to be held at Chillicothe on
Jan. 2, 1809.

When the Grand Lodge convened, the Grand Master, Gen. Rufus Putnam,
forwarded a communication declining the office to which he had been
elected because of poor health, as follows:

"It was with high sensibility and gratitude I received the
information that the Grand Convention of Masons convened at
Chillicothe, in January last, elected me to the office of Grand
Master of your most ancient and honorable society, but, however
sensibly I feel the high honor done me by the Convention, and am
disposed to promote the interest of the craft in general, and in
this State in particular, I must decline the appointment. My sun is
far past the meridian; it is almost set; a few sands only remain in
my glass; I am unable to undergo the necessary labors of that high
and important office; unable to make you a visit at this time,
without a sacrifice and hazard of health which prudence forbids.

"May the great Architect, under whose all-seeing eye all Masons
profess to labor, have you in His holy keeping that when our labors
here are finished, we may, through the merits of Him that was dead,
but now is alive, and lives forevermore, be admitted into that
temple not made with hands, eternal in the heavens: Amen. So prays
your friend and brother,
"Marietta, Dec. 26th, 1808.
RUFUS PUTNAM."

This resignation was accepted, and in the election which followed
Bro. Samuel Huntington, of Erie Lodge, became the first acting M.
W. Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, and Bro. William
Rayerl, the first Junior Warden of Erie Lodge, No. 47, was elected
R. W. Junior Grand Warden.

Following his term as Worshipful Master, Judge Kirtland served Erie
Lodge as Treasurer in 1807. His name does not appear in the
proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Ohio until the year 1815 at which
time he was the delegate from Erie Lodge, No. 3, to the Grand
Communication of that year. He also represented, by proxy, Meridian
Orb Lodge, No. 10, of Painesville; Jerusalem Lodge, No. 19, of
Hartford; Western Star Lodge, No. 21, of Canfield (later
Youngstown), and Rising Sun Lodge, No. 22, of Ashtabula. "In
accordance with the regulations of that period, a delegate was
permitted to represent four lodges as their accredited proxy in
addition to the one of which he was a member." Subordinate lodges
availed themselves of this privilege in order to lessen the expense
of their representation. Judge Kirtland was one of a committee of
three appointed to draw up resolutions regarding the action of
American Union Lodge at Marietta which had for a number of years
previously ceased all connection with the Grand Lodge. He was
elected R. W. Deputy Grand Master in the election which followed
but was not present at the Communication of 1816.

After this time Judge Kirtland, now a man almost sixty years of
age, does not appear to have taken an active part in the affairs of
the lodge. He lived through the dark days of the anti-Masonic
period which followed the disappearance of "William Morgan" of New
York State (after his publication of a pretended exposition of
Freemasonry in 1826) and saw Erie Lodge cease working in 1828 along
with a majority of the lodges in the State of Ohio. He died ten
years before the dawn of that brighter day when the lodge was
reorganized in 1854 as the present Old Erie Lodge.

That we may have a just estimate of this active and influential
man, we find him representing Trumbull County in the General
Assemblies of 1814-15 and 1815-16 as State Senator. He was a
justice of the peace at Poland for over twenty years. In 1813 he
was elected a member of the Board of Directors of the Western
Reserve Bank, chartered in the winter of 1811-1812. "This was the
first bank established on the Western Reserve and it survived all
other banks in the state which entered the field before or with
it." It was the only one that continued solvent until the end of
the State Bank organization and was reorganized as the First
National Bank (now the Union Savings & Trust Co.) in 1863, under
the National Banking Act of that year. Regarding the old Western
Reserve Bank, one account states that "through its half century
career, this corporation has not only made good quarterly returns,
on paper, but has deservedly enjoyed a good repute among men."

Church services were early held at the home of Judge Kirtland at
Poland, and in 1807 residents of Canfield, Poland and Boardman met
in the latter village where Episcopal services were held. Judge
Kirtland's name appears first on a list of twenty-one names of
petitioners who, on June 20, 1809, drafted and presented to the
bishop of New York State the following petition:

We, the subscribers, inhabitants of the town of Boardman. Canfield
and Poland, in the county of Trumbull, and State of Ohio, being
desirous to promote the worship of God after the order of the
Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, having
for some time met and attended divine service according to the
established form of that church and finding ourselves under great
inconveniences for the want of prayer books and sermons, to remedy
which and to endeavor to procure the assistance of a worthy
teacher, judge it best to form ourselves into a regular Episcopal
society, investing the same with the proper officers, thereby
putting ourselves in the proper situation to petition the Rt. Revd.
Bishop of the State of New York, praying him to incorporate us and
grant us such relief as in his wisdom he may deem meet and
consistent.

A favorable reply being received, a meeting was held Aug. 12, 1809,
at which Judge Kirtland presided as moderator. St. James' parish
was organized and Turhand Kirtland was elected one of three
vestrymen. This was the first Episcopal church on the Western
Reserve and the second in the state, the first being organized at
Worthington in 1804.

As early as 1805 Judge Kirtland secured sufficient funds from the
settlers to purchase a fine library for Poland, and this library
was kept abreast of the times as long as he lived. His name is
closely identified with the first attempt at establishing an
institution of learning on the Reserve. A petition was sent to the
territorial legislature in 1801 by the Rev. Joseph Badger for a
charter to establish a college on the Connecticut Western Reserve.
It was signed by Roger Newberry, John Leavitt, Judson Canfield,
Col. Samuel Huntington, John S. Edwards, Turhand Kirtland, Edward
Paine, Samuel Woodruff, John Young, William Hart, Henry Champion,
Moses Cleaveland, Ephriam Root, Rev. Nathan Strong, Samuel Mills,
Joseph Badger and Eliphalet Austin. This petition was not granted.
After the admission of Ohio as a state, in 1803, the petition was
renewed and a charter granted to the Erie Literary Society. The
preamble of the act declares that:

Whereas it has been represented to this assembly by certain persons
associated under the name of the Erie Literary Society, that a
number of proprietors of land within the county of Trumball are
desirous to appropriate a part thereof to the support of a Seminary
of learning within said county, and that the intent of such
donations cannot be carried into effect without the interference of
the Legislature, by incorporating a board of trust for the
reception and management of any property, real or personal, that
may be given for said purpose and for the establishment and
direction of such Seminary, as soon as funds sufficient shall be
collected.

Be it enacted, That David Hudson, Eliphalet Austin, Henry Champion,
John Leavitt. Martin Smith Ephriam Root, Harmon Canfield John
Walworth, John S. Edwards, William Hart, Turhand Kirtland, Esq.
Solomon Griswold and Rev. Joseph Badger, and their successors in
office, be and they are hereby created a body politic and corporate
by the name of the Erie Literary Society and as such shall remain
and have perpetual succession, etc.

There was great rivalry regarding a site for the institution, and
in a letter dated Nov. 26, 1807, signed by Judge Kirtland as
trustee, states that:

The trustees were authorized to fix the place for the college and
after advertizing for proposals and adjourning for several times,
they affixt it at Burton and the subscribers together with the
Inhabitants and proprietors of Burton have erected a house and
almost completed it and have deeded their lands and given other
security to the amount of seven thousand dollars exclusive of the
building.

On a list of the amount which each subscriber was to pay in lands
towards the college, appears the name of Judge Kirtland and the sum
donated, $834.07, was the third largest subscription. Burton
Academy, founded in 1804, was the first institution of its kind on
the Reserve. Its building was destroyed by fire in 1810. The War of
1812 seriously interfered with the progress of the Academy and it
was not until 1819 that a new building was completed.

Judge Kirtland was twice married. His first wife, to whom he was
married Jan. 2, 1780, was Mary Beech, daughter of Moses Beech. She
died at Wallingrord, Conn., Nov. 24, 1792. His second marriage was
to Polly Potter, on Jan. 19, 1793. She was the daughter of Dr.
Jared Potter, of New Haven, Conn. They reared a family of six
children. One son, Dr. Jared Potter Kirtland, was a noted physician
and naturalist, a graduate of Yale and a professor in the Western
Reserve Medical College. He was at one time president of the Ohio
State Medical Association. "In 1830 Jerusalem Lodge, No. 19, was
represented (at the communication of the Grand Lodge) by Bro. Jared
P. Kirtland."

At the advanced age of eighty-nine years, Judge Kirtland closed his
life at Poland.

He was a man of great energy, character and ability and left at his
death a large property. Of his life, "enough remains to show the
unflagging and indomitable perseverance of the man, no complaints,
no regrets, but a steady pushing forward amid untold trials and
privations of those pioneer days." He was esteemed and respected by
that large circle of active and influential men who led the tide of
immigration into the wilderness and of whom it has been said:

These men were of a class by themselves, and stand pre-eminent
among the pioneers of all preceding and succeeding times for the
special qualities of hardihood and adventure, united with
intellectual powers and capacities of the highest order. They not
only introduced the plow-share into the virgin soil of the
wilderness, but they brought with them the Bible and the spelling
book, the artisan, the circuit preacher, and the school master, as
co-ordinate parts of their enterprise.

It is well that such men should not be forgotten.

ADDITIONAL NOTES
After the land that fell to Turhand Kirtland had passed out of the
possession of its original owner, Kirtland village became a Mormon
settlement which, prior to their general exodus to Missouri in
1837, numbered about four thousand. One of the most permanent
reminders of their occupancy is the Temple, which still stands at
Kirtland. "In front over the largest window is a white tablet
bearing the inscription, 'House of the Lord, built by the Church of
the Latter Day Saints, A. D. 1834.' " This was the first Mormon
Temple.

Rev. William Wick was the first minister of the Presbyterian Church
at Youngstown. He was an intimate friend of his contemporary, Rev.
Joseph Badger, the first Western Reserve Missionary. Rev. Badger,
assisted by the Rev. Messrs. Lait and Wick, organized the First
Presbyterian Church at Warren in 1803. "At candle lighting Mr.
Wick-preached."

The "History of Rising Sun Lodge," Ashtabula, Ohio, records that on
"June 24, 1817--St. John's Day---Bro. Joseph Badger delivered a
sermon."

"June 24, 1824--E. A. Degree conferred, after which Bro. Badger
delivered a discourse."

The records of Jerusalem Lodge, No. 19, state that a regular
meeting was held on May 23, 1820, at their lodge room in Hartford,
Ohio. Twenty-six brethren present. Daniel Bushnell, W. M.--Rev.
Joseph Badger, visitor." Rev. Badger was the first companion
exalted by Western Reserve Chapter, No. 8. Ashtabula, Ohio, 1820.

Trumbull County was named in honor of Jonathan Trumbull, Jr, then
Governor of Connecticut (1798-1809). He was the son of the original
"Brother Jonathan" Trumbull, Governor of Connecticut (1770-1784)
and one of the most distinguished men of his time. "No better name
could have been selected for this Western Connecticut."

General St. Clair was a frequent visitor at, but not a member of N.
C. Harmony Lodge, No. 2, Cincinnati. "Notwithstanding his brilliant
and honorable career, he died poor. In the eighty fourth year of
his life he undertook a journey (from Pennsylvania) to Youngstown,
and was found dead on the road the next morning.... In the cemetery
at Greensburg, Pa., a neat little sandstone monument was erected by
a Masonic lodge with this inscription:

"The earthly remains of Major General Arthur St. Clair are
deposited beneath this humble monument, which is erected to supply
the place of a nobler one, due him from his country."
On Aug. 15, 1913, the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of
Pennsylvania "unveiled a 'nobler monument' in granite, an exact
duplicate of the old sandstone memorial, except for the (above)
explanatory inscription on the east panel."-- THE BUILDER.

In 1811 Turhand Kirtland agreed to lease a farm in Poland to John
Reeves "for 100 gallons of good whisky yearly."

In Whittlesey's "Early History of Cleveland" is a letter from Judge
Kirtland to General Moses Cleaveland, Canterbury, Conn., dated July
17, 1800, Cleveland, Ohio, which states in closing:

"I have the pleasure of your brother's company at this time. He
held his first talk with the Smooth Nation, at Mr. Carter's this
morning. Appearances are very promising. I flatter myself he will
do no discredit to his elder brother, in his negotiations with the
aborigines.

"I am, dear sir, with much esteem, yours,
"Turhand Kirtland."

Compass Lodge, of Wallingford, Conn., was instituted April 28,
1769, by St. John's Provincial Grand Lodge of Boston (warranted
July 30, 1733, by the Grand Lodge of England, the R. W. Henry Price
being the first Provincial Grand Master). The first independent
Grand Lodge was Massachusetts Grand Lodge, March 8, 1777. The Grand
Lodge of Connecticut was organized July 8, 1789, of which Compass
Lodge was No. 9. Thus Judge Kirtland was a Mason under the
jurisdiction of three Grand Lodges, Massachusetts, Connecticut and,
after 1808, of the Grand Lodge of Ohio.

Bro. Lewis Cass (1782-1866) was appointed Governor of Michigan,
1813, Secretary of War, 1831, and Secretary of State, 1857. He was
a Grand Master of Masons in both Ohio and Michigan.

Bro. Putnam's grave is in the old Mound Cemetery at Marietta and is
marked by a plain granite monument bearing the following
inscription:

GENERAL RUFUS PUTNAM
A Revolutionary Officer
And the leader of the
Colony which made the
First settlement in the
Territory of the North-West.
Born April 9, 1738
Died May 4, 1824

Bro. George Tod was made a Mason in Erie Lodge in 1804. He was born
at Suffield, Conn., 1773, and died at Brier Hill, Ohio, 1841. He
was the father of War Governor David Tod.

At the time of the first meeting of the Grand Lodge of Ohio,
(1808), the charter granted to Erie Lodge, No. 47, by the Grand
Lodge of Connecticut (1803) was surrendered to the Grand Lodge of
Ohio and a warrant of dispensation was issued Jan 11, 1809, under
which the lodge continued to work until 181 when a charter dated at
Chillicothe on the fifth day of January was received, constituting
the lodge at Warren as Erie Lodge No. 3, of the Grand Lodge of
Ohio. In the year 1828, Erie Lodge, No. 3, was represented at the
Communications of the Grand Lodge held at Columbus by Bros. Rufus
P. Spalding Francis Freeman and Edward Spear, but ceased working
thereafter and its charter and records were consumed in 1833 when
the house of Bro. Spear (standing on the ground now occupied by the
Hippodrome building) was burned. On June 2, 1854, a warrant of
dispensation was issued to a number of the members of Erie Lodge,
No. 3, who were still living. This dispensation was under the title
of Western Reserve Lodge which name was adopted because during the
lapse of Erie Lodge No. 3, another lodge of that name had been
established. Or Oct. 18, 1854, at the communication of the Grand
Lodge it was "Resolved, That the name Western Reserve Lodge be
changed to Old Erie, and that it be numbered three." The present
charter of Old Erie Lodge, No. 3, bears the above date, and so "The
lodge had restored to it the name, number and precedence to which
of right they belong."

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pioneers of the Western Reserve, Harvey Rice, 1890.
Historic Towns of the Western States, Lyman B. Powell, 1901.
Ohio and Her Western Reserve, Alfred Mathews, 1902.
A History of Connecticut, George L. Clark, 1914.
Historical Collections of the Mahoming Valley, 1876.
History of Trumbull and Mahoning Counties, H. Z. Williams & Bro.,
1882.
History of Mahoning County, Geo. T. W. Sanderson, 1907.
Biographical Cyclopedia of Ohio, J. Fletcher Brennan, 1879.
History of the Western Reserve, Harriot Taylor Upton, 1910
History of Trumbull County, Harriot Taylor Upton, 1909.
Extracts, ibid, Warren Daily Tribune, 1924.
History of Mahoning County, Joseph G. Butler, Jr., 1921.
History of Wallingford, Conn., C. H. Davis, 1870.
Early History of Cleveland, Charles Whittlesey, 1867.
One Hundred Years of Baptist History in Warren, O., Wm. Kerr, 1903.
Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society Pub., Vol. X, 190 "Gen.
Ed. Paine."
Magazine of Western History, Vol. 1. "The Episcopal Church in
Ohio."
Trump of Fame, 1812-1816.
Ohio Statesmen and Hundred Year Book, W. A. Taylor, 1892
A History of Western Reserve College (1826-1876), Rev. C.C. Cutler,
1876.
Western Reserve University Bulletin, Vol. XXVI, 1923, "The
Derivation and Significance of the Term Western Reserve, F. C.
Waite.
A Memoir of Rev. Joseph Badger (with selections from his private
journal), 1851.
Diary of Turhand Kirtland, Mary L. W. Morse, 1903.
Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, 1808-1847.
History of Freemasonry in Ohio, W. M. Cunningham, M. A 1909.
History of Compass Lodge, No. 9 (150th Ann.), 1919.
History of the Lodge of Amity, No. 5, J. Hope Sutor, W. M 1879.
Masonic Year Book and Directory, State of Ohio, 1894.
History of Rising Sun Lodge, No. 22, F. & A. M., S. A. Pan coast,
1907.
Records of Jerusalem Lodge, No. 19, F. & A. M., Hartford O., 1812.
The Tri-state Mason, August, 1924, "When, Where and How Masonry
Began in Ohio" (history of American Union and N C. Harmony Lodges),
Henry Baer.
THE BUILDER, Vol. V, p. 294, "An Old Masonic Headston. (Calvin
Austin).
THE BUILDER, Vol. VII, p. 36, Reference to Kirtland, O.
THE BUILDER, Vol. VIII, p. 201, Major-General Arthur St Clair.
Masonic News, July, 1924, "The Light That Never Failed."
The Western Reserve and Its Medical Traditions (Dedicatory Address,
School of Medicine), by Dr. Harvey Cushing, Harvar, University,
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 1924
History of Cleveland, 1796-1896, by J. H. Kennedy.

