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  )   	 p`    C G   T i m e s         o) 4&_	 p`  $ C G   T i m e s   I t a l i c       Oh x / D 8 D , ,   D q{ > z - D 8 D , , 1 D {corporatedintothebannerofthelegionsoftheRomanEmpire.TheGoldenFleeceofclassicalmythologywastheskinowondrousram,guardedbyasleeplessdragon.JasonandhisArgonautswentafterthisprize.Thejourneywaslongandpe
    !    W MSASTBAugust1998   	       THEPLANTSANDANIMALSOFFREEMASONRYByBro.NigelD.BrownBro.BrownwroteapaperforQuatuorCoronatiLodge#2076printedinVol.104,1991Transactions.ThisSTB   	    isextractedfromthelongerarticle.-EditorTherearemanyreasonswhyalodgehasaparticularname.Manyinnsortavernshaveborneandstillbearnameswhicharewhollyorpartiallythoseofplantsandanimals.Threeofourfoundinglodgesin1717weremeetingatsuchhousesinLondon:the'GooseandGridiron',the'Apple-Tree'andthe'RummerandGrapes'.Itwouldtaketoomuchtimeandspacetolistthepresent-daylodgeswhichhaveeitherinheritedfromsuchsourcesorhavechosenforthemselvesanameassociatedwithaplantorananimal.Someare:Oak,WalnutTree,Arboretumontheonehand;Beehive,Lion,Swanontheother,thesearebutinstances.MoreAncientthantheGoldenFleeceorRomanEagleItshouldnotbeforgottenthataneagleismentionedinCraftritual,albetthe'RomanEagle',whendiscussingtheantiquityor   afreemason'sbadge.ThisderivationcomesfromtheemblemcarriedbytheearlykingsofRome--anivorysceptersurmountedbyaneagle.ThiswaslaterincorporatedintothebannerofthelegionsoftheRomanEmpire.TheGoldenFleeceofclassicalmythologywastheskinofawondrousram,guardedbyasleeplessdragon.JasonandhisArgonautswentafterthisprize.Thejourneywaslongandperilousbutthedauntlessheroesperseveredand,afteraseriesofadventures,eventuallyreachedtheirjourney'sendtowintheultimateprizeoftheirage.Thistimelesslegend,whichcanbereadasanallegoryoflife,contrastsvividlywiththerelativelymodernOrderoftheGoldenFleecewhichwascreatedbyPhiliptheGood,DukeofBurgundyin1429,atthetimewhenhewasrulingtheNetherlands.In1504theSpanishHapsburgstookoverthecountryandtheOrder.In1713,howeveritwasnewlyinstitutedasanAustrianhonour.TheDoveandOliveBranchOfallfaunaandflorarelatedtoaCraftlodgethedoveanditsolivebranchareprobablythemostcommonlyseen.WithfewexceptionsthisistheemblemoftheDeacons.Itiswhentheyareinvestedwiththeircollarsandjewelsthat'thedovebearinganolivebranch'hasitsonlyplaceintheritual.ThesameemblemappearsontopofaDeacon'swand.  ThesymbolismoriginatesfromHolyScripture,wherewereadthatadovewasreleasedfromtheArkbyNoah,but'foundnorestforthesoleofherfootandshereturned;thesecondtimeshecamebackand,lo,inhermouthwasanoliveleafplucktoff',whilethethirdtimeshe'returnednotagainuntohim.'(Genesis8:8-12).Inthisway,thedoveanditsolivebranchcarrythedualsymbolismofthemessenger(fromthedove)aswellaspurity,peaceandinnocence(fromtheolivebranch).ThefruitoftheolivetreeisalsoconnectedwithmasonicritualinthatitsoilwasusedtopaycertainoftheworkmenemployedintheconstructionofKingSolomon'sTemple.ItisalsousedintheConsecrationofanewlodge,asthesymbolofpeaceandunity.  TheAcaciaThereisagooddealofconfusionovertheshrubassociatedwiththediscoveryofHiram'sgravebutitismostprobablethatitwouldhavebeencassiaandnotacacia.Thecassiaplant(onespeciesisCassiaacutifolio)wasintroducedintoEuropeintheearlyeighteenthcenturyatthetimewhentheritualwasdeveloping.Samuel   	 .h)5   Prichard'sMasonryDissected(1730)andAnderson's1738Constitutionsbothmentioncassiaratherthanacaciainrelationtothegrave.OntheotherhandtheavailableFrenchsourcesindicatethattheyhadalreadysettledfor'athornybranchcalledacacia'.WecannotbepreciseastowhenthechangebeganbutattheUnionof1813itwassettledthatacaciashouldbethewordforritualuseand,eventually,cassiawasseennomore.ItisworthmentioningthatAcaciascyalistheShittah(pluralShittim)ofExodus25:10,thewoodfromwhichtheArkoftheCovenantandtheTabernaclewereconstructed.TosometheCassiais'theTreeofKnowledgeofGoodandEvil'and'theTreeoftheSerpent'.TheEgyptiansreveredtheacaciaandusedittomakefuneralwreaths.Legendconnectsit,withotherplants,tothewoodofthecrossofChrist,hiscrownofthornsandtheburningbush.Therearemanyaspectstothesymbolismofacaciaand,withotherplants,e.g.,rosemary,box,myrtleandwillow,itreflectsabeliefinresurrection.PhoenixLodgeofHonorandPrudence,initsuniqueritual,referstoacaciaassignifyinginnocenceorfreedomfromsin.Itappearstobloomandflourishinitsplaceasiftosay:'0,Death,whereisthysting?0,Gravewhereisthyvictory?'andittherebysymbolizesimmortality.ANecessityofLifeCorn,withwineandoil,wasaweeklywageforsomeoftheworkmenatKingSolomon'sTemple.IntheHolyLanditwouldhavebeenmorelikelythatthegrainwassorghumormillet(SorghumvulgareorPanicummiliacemn)butawiderangeofcerealswasgrown.'Anearofcornneartoafallofwater'istheinterpretationofthetest-wordusedbythetroopsofJephthahtodistinguishtheEphraimitesafterthebattleonthebanksoftheRiverJordan.TheHebrewwords(Sihlet-Shabioth)usedtodistinguishfriendfromfoehavetwomeanings:'afloodofwater'(nota'hill')and'anearofcorn'.Cornisusedintheceremonyofconsecratinganewlodgeasanemblemofplenty.UndertheNetherlandicConstitutionasheafofcornstandsinthelodgeandseedsofthegrainarecastforadifferentreason;astheripecornprovesthegerminalforceofthesownseedso,inthesameway,thelifeofaMasterMasonshouldbearwitnesstothestrengthofthesupremeprinciplewhichheisupholding.Enrichedwith...LilyworkandPomegranatesBothlilyworkandpomegranatesarenamedintheBibleindescriptionsofthepillarsoutsidetheTemple(IKings:7and2Chronicles:3).Thepomegranate(Punicagranatlim)waswidelygrownintheMiddleEastinthosedaysanditdoesindeedproducealargenumberofseeds.ThereareseveralreferencesintheBibleandperhapsmostinterestinglyisoneintheOldTestament(Exodus28:33).Heretherobesoftheephod(ofAaronandotherpriests)wereofblueand'uponthehemofitthoushouldmakepomegranatesofblue,andofpurpleandofscarlet.  ThemostlikelyfloweradoptedforthelilyworkistheEgyptianLotus.ThiswasasacredplantamongEgyptianswhichtheyusedtosymbolizetheRiverNile,thegiveroflife(becausetheirlivelihooddependedonitsannualflooding).Itisawater-lily,Nyniphacalotus,withpinkflowersthatfadetowhite.Pomegranatesandthelotuswerecommonlyused(together)inEgyptianarchitecturaldesignsandthisstylespreadtothesurroundingnations.IthasbeensuggestedthatKingSolomon'sTemplewasbasedonPhoeniciandesignsforthese,inturn,hadbeenderivedfromtheEgyptianpattern.HiramAbif,thesuperintendentofcasting,wasaPhoenicianthroughhisfather'smarriagetoanIsraelite.ItisthereforelikelythatthelilyworkandpomegranatesstemmedfromEgypt.Thewhitecolourofthelilies,however,wasprobablyintroducedtoreflectthewhiteofreligioustradition.Whitelily-workdenotingpeaceseemstobeapurelymasonicidea.IndustryintheLodgeThejeweloftheSecretaryistwopensinsaltiretiedbyaribbon.Thepensarequills,i.e.,madefromtheprimarywingfeathersofabird.ThereisprobablynodeepmeaningtobeabstractedfromthisotherthantoremindusthattheSecretaryusesapenforrecordingtheworkofhislodge.Inamasonicpamphletwrittenabout1725andoftenattributedtoJonathanSwift,beesandabeehiveare   	 .h)5   discussed.BytheseventeenthcenturybrethrentheywereconsideredanemblemofindustryrecommendingthepracticeofthatvirtuetoallcreatedthingsfromthehighestseraphinHeaventothelowestreptileinthedust.'Thebeehivewasregularlyseenasamasonicsymbolfromthemiddleoftheeighteenthcenturyonwards,ontracingboards,certificates,jewels,glassandpottery.TheLodgeofEmulation(nowNo.21)adopteditasitsemblemmorethantwocenturiesagoandstillusesit.But,attheUnionof1813,itwasoneofseveralsymbols(otherswerethehourglass,thescytheandtheark)whichwereabandoned.Itremains,however,asanembleminScottishCraftFreemasonryandmanyAmericanritualspreserveexplanationsthathadatonetimebeencurrentinEngland.	 	 ConclusionThegenuinesymbolsofourmasonicCraftarethereforalltosee.Itisoftenagoodthingforeachbrothertocontemplatethemand,havingdoneso,toworkouthisowninterpretationsandthisIhavetosomeextentpracticedformyself{Weall,ofcourse,learnmuchfromtheritualexplanationsandcanifwesodesireturntothewritingsofthosewhohavemadeaparticularstudyofsymbolism.Myownexperience,asIhavecommittedmyselftopaper,isthatoursymbols,inprovidingvisualremindersofthelessonslearnedinlodge,enableafreemasontocarrythoselessonsintoandsoenrichhisdailylife.
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