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    !    W  %         	       JOHNPAULJONESApril1998FatheroftheAmericanNavyBy:MichAelS.Kaulback  Bro.KanihackisaPastMasterofCharlesWMooreLodge,Fitchburg,MAandaPastSrGrandDeaconof   	    TheGrandLodgeofMassachusetts.HeisagraduateofFitchburgStateCollegeandisservingtheSamuelCrokerLawrenceLibraryoftheGrandLodgeofMassachusettsasitsLibraryTechnician.Bra.KauihackhaswrittenseveralSTB'sforMSA.-Editor  ̀JohnPaulJonesisprobablythebestknownNavalfigureoftheRevolutionaryWarHewasbornJohnPaul(TheJoneswasaddedlaterinAmerica)inKirkeudbrightScotlandonJuly6,1747.Hisfather,alsonamedJohnPaul,wasagardenerandhismotherwasJeanMacDuff.Thereweresevenchildreninhisfamily,Johnwasnumberfive.HisoldestbrotherWilliamPaulmigratedtoFredericksburg,VirginiaandwasanimportantpointofcontactonthissideoftheAtlantic.̀Johnwenttoseaattheageoftwelveafterfinishingschool,andmadehisfirsttriptoFredericksburgbeforehewasthirteenyearsold.In1768hewasassignedtoaBritishMerchantshipnamedJohnandduringthevoyagebacktoScotlandhadtoassumecommandduetothedeathofthecaptainandthefirstmate.Hiscareerasamerchantseamanendedin1773atage26,whenheinheritedhisbrother'splantationinVirginia.Itwasstipulatedthatinordertoinherittheplantationhemustassumethenameof"Jones"whichhedidandwasthereafterJohnPaulJones.ItwasduringthistimeperiodthathemadeapplicationtoSt.BernardLodge3122atKirkcudbright,ScotlandandwasinitiatedonNovember27,1770.MasonryplayedabigpartinJones'lifefromthenon.WhileinVirginiahemetmanypatriotsincludingWashington,PatrickHenry,andmostimportantly,BenFranklinwhowastoplayalargeroleinJones'careerinlaterlife.̀In1775,shortlyafterthebattleofLexingtonandConcord,Jones'offeredhisservicestotheAmericancause.Anorganizedforcewasavailableforfightingonland(TheMilitia),butnoorganizedforceexistedtofightatsea.AmericaneededaNavyandturnedtoJohnPaulJones.HewasinvitedbyJohnHancockandtheNavalCommitteeoftheContinentalCongresstoLay'beforetheCommitteesuchinformationandadviceasmayseemtohimusefulinassistingthesaidCommitteetodischargeitslabors.HegavemuchtimeandeffortinworkingoutplansforanewNavy.̀Jones'namewasplacedonthefirstNationalNavylistasnumberoneonthelistofLieutenantsandhewasthefirstoftheofficersonthatlisttoreceivehiscommission.HistoricalrecordsshowthathereceivedhiscommissionfromthehandofJohnHancockinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.JoneswenttoNewport,RhodeIslandandtookcommandoftheshipProvidenceandonJune14,setsail.TherecordsfromthatvoyageshowthatJonescaptured16enemyvessels,destroying8andsendingtheresttoAmericaasbooty.HereturnedtoporttofindthathehadbeenpromotedtoCaptainandthesaddernewsthathisplantationhadbeenburnedtothegroundbytheBritish.1777foundJonesinPhiladelphiaattheNavalboardwherehearguedforamissiontoEuropeanwaters.AninterestingnoteisthatonJune14,1777Congresspassedtwoseparateresolutions.ThefirstthatTheflagofthethirteenUnitedStatesofAmericabethirteenstripes,alternatingredandwhite;thatTheUnionbethirteenstarsinabluefieldrepresentinganewconstellation.ThesecondresolutionpassedwasthatCaptainJohnPaulJonesbeappointedtocommandtheshipRanger.Joneswassomovedbythisthathewrote"ThatflagandIaretwins;bornthesamehourfromthesamewombofdestiny.Wecannotbepartedinlifeorindeath.Solongaswecanfloat,weshallfloattogetherIfwemustsink,weshallgodownasone."̀JoneswenttoPortsmouth,NewHampshiretooutfittheshipRangerandsailedhertoFrancearrivingonDecember2,1777.HearrivedinBrestRoadsandsailedthroughtheFrenchFleet,receivingthefirstnationalsalutetotheAmericanflagbyaforeignpower.Duringtheensuingmonthshemadeseveralvoyages,victoriousinall.InSeptemberof1778heturnedtheRangerovertoLt.Simpsonandtookcommandofalargership,LeDuraswhichherenamedLeBonHommeRichardafterhisfriendandfellowMasonBenjaminFranklinwhowrotePoorRichard'sAlmanac.wastheshipthatwouldmakeJonesalegendintheAmericanNavyandAmericanhistory.SailingfromtheRoadofGroaixonAugust14,1779withthreeothershipstheAlliance,the   	 .h)5   PallasandtheVengeancehecapturedfiveprizeshipsin40days.OnSeptember23hemetwiththeBritishshipSerapis,a44gunman-of-warThebattlebetweenthetwostartedat7:00intheeveningandlasteduntilwellafter11:00.Thefightingwasheavyfromthebeginningwithbothshipssustainingseriousdamage.Atonepointduringthefight,afteracannonballhadtakenawaytheRichard'sflagstaff,CaptamPearsonoftheSerapisleanedoverhisrailandcried"DoIunderstandthatyouhavestruck?Jones'replywas"No,Ihavejustbeguntofight!"ItwasthisincidentthatearnedJoneseverlastingfameintheannalsofNavalHistory.FinallyJonesbroughthisshipcloseinandlashedbothshipstogetherJonesledaboardingpartyontothedeckoftheBritishshipandengagedinafurioushandtohandfight.CaptainPearsonseeingtheheavycasualties,struckhisflagandsurrenderedtoJones.ThecasualtyfiguresshowedthattheAmericanshadsustained67deadand106woundedandtheBritishhad87deadand134wounded.(Thirteendiedlaterinthenight.)AnothercasualtywastheRichard.Herbackbroken,andtakingonwater,shesankintheearlymorninghoursstillflyingtheflagoftheUnitedStates.JonesandhiscrewhavingtransferredtotheSerapismadewhatrepairstheycouldandsailedintotheDutchharborofTexelonOctober3,1779Itwasduringtheyear1780thatJohnPaulJoneswasinvitedtojointheLodgeofNineMusesinFrance.FranklinhadbeentheMasterofthisLodgefortwoyearsandtheywelcomedthenewAmericanherowithopenarms.ThenotedsculptorHoudenalsostartedonJonesbusthavingalreadymadethebustsofWashington,FranklinandVoltairewhohadjoinedtheLodgeattheageof80.ThiswasaLodgethatnumberedphilosophers,liberals,andseveralleadersofthestilltobefoughtFrenchRevolution,amongitsmembers.̀HeleftFranceboundfortheUnitedStatesonDecember18,1780aboardtheshipArielandlandedinPhiladelphiainFebruaryof1781.InMayof1781hegaveupcommandoftheArielandwithithisactiveserviceintheContinentalNavy.HewasappointedasSpecialU.S.AgenttoFrancein1783.HerehewasinstrumentalincollectingprizemoneythathadnotbeenpaidtoAmericanSeamenduringthewarIn1787hereceivedtheonlygoldmedalgivenbycongresstoaNavyherooftheRevolutionaryWar.In1788heacceptedanappointmentfromEmpressCatherineofRussiaasaRearAdmiralintheRussianNavy.HecommandedaNavalforceontheBlackSeafightingtheTurksandwasinstrumentalinwinningseveralengagementsfortheRussianfleet.ItissaidthatEmpressCatherine,herselfantimasonic,foundthatJoneswasaproudmemberoftheCraftandforthisreasondischargedhimwithfullpay.HereturnedtoFranceandshortlybeforehisdeathretiredfromherservice.ThetriptoRussiamayhavebeentheundoingofJonesforitsurelyhastenedhisdeath.InthelastdaysofhislifeJoneslivedquietlyreceivingmanyvisitors.Hewasillandsufferedfromaheartcondition.OnJuly18,1792,Jonesbreathedhislast.Hediedfromdropsy,pneumonia,andaheartconditioninParisFrance,attheyoungageof45HewasburiedwithfullMasonichonorsinaleadcoffin,inacemeteryinParis.Youmightthinkthatthisistheendofthestory,butwearenotquitefinished.Some113yearslater,underordersfromthePresidentoftheUnitedStates,BrotherTheodoreRoosevelt,thebodyofJohnPaulJoneswasrecoveredfromthecemeteryandmadealongslowtripacrosstheAtlantictobeplacedinacryptattheNavalAcademyinAnnapolis,Maryland.PaulJoneslivedashortbutveryfulllife.Readingabouthislifeisalmostlikereadingfiction,hislowlybirth,hisalmostmeteoricriseintheAmericanNavy,andhisattainmentoftherankofRearAdmiralintheRussianNavy.HisloveoftheMasonicCraftwassecondonlytohisloveofLibertyandtheUnitedStates.HelivedhislifeaccordingtotheMasonicprinciplesthathestudied.JohnPaulJones,Mason,Diplomat,Seaman,amanwhowasadmiredbyhisfriendsandhisenemies.TheoriginalletterwrittenbyJohnPaulJonestohislodgeisondisplayattheNavalMuseum,U.S.NavalAcademy.Annapolis,Maryland.