A rapid development of informatics and infotechnology (computer, Internet etc.) is an important precondition of transition to infosociety. However, technology alone cannot solve all problems, including those connected with data communication and information processing. Processes of general modelling and optimization in all fields of material and social life will become decisive factors of the transition. Effects, connected with velocity and exactness of computers and Internet, will be lost, if the models themselves are unreliable (inauthentic), that is not homomorphic with objective reality.

The prevalent relative cosmological theory in recent years has come under criticism. According to this theory, preliminary matter of all universe (substance, energy, exposure) was compressed into a supersmall volume. Approximately 15 milliard years ago as if in the result of the Big Bang all matter flew asunder in the absolute emptiness of cosmic space. At an unlikely speed (during 1 second) the majority of elementary particles and components of atom arose. In this theory, just like in A. Einstein`s general theory of relativity, the function and nature of connected information remains vague.

In recent years, however, the number of scientific facts pointing to the existence of an additional form (philosophical category) of objective reality besides substance (mass) and energy, has been growing. This additional form is connected with spreading, processing and storing of information. Elements of this form exist already in the quantum (united) field, which exists even in absolute vacuum, and also in the condition of supersmall measurings (below Planc`s length of 10^-35 m). The quantum field contains a number of forces, among of which, from the point of view of a possible resource of information, gravity (field or energy of gravitation) is the most essential. Gravity is the source of negentropy, which, by means of its resources, counteracts the general tendency of increasing entropy. Gravity influences between particles (or bodies) at all distances in one direction - the direction of attraction.

There are many definitions for the concept “system”. Infodynamics considers as system every integral combination of elements and connections between them. The hierarchical complexes of systems exist everywhere and objectively. Besides the primary systems, systems exist in the consiousness of man and society. The latter represents the so called second reality - complex models of the real world. All the intermediate and final results of conceptual activities of man, for example, thoughts, conceptions, opinions, purposes, emotions, faith, intuition serve as such models. All the “materialized” results of intellectual work: books, projects, inventions, exhibitions, information on electronic carriers are also such models. Artistic works represent models as well, but in addition they reflect the emotional, subconscious or religious part of consciousness. Systems influence each other by means of transference of mass (substance), energy and negentropy (GN).

GN = GEm - GEf

- dynamics, hydrodynamics and aerodynamics deal with interdependence of mass (substance, body) between systems by means of mechanical forces;

- thermodynamics and electrodynamics deal with interaction and conversion of energy between systems by means of the process of transmission of heat, work, electrical charges or fields;

- infodynamics deals with interaction of GN between systems by means of transmission of information and knowledge (data, generalized models).

The consciousness of man is unable to comprehend completely the complicated systems of primary reality, as their GE and GN approach infinity. This is the reason why man and society use simplified models for processing and transmission of information, which they choose so that they are as similar (homomorphic) to the real objects as possible. GE and GN represent already the final quantities for the model and it is possible to determine their final numerical values. This allows to elaboration of new methods for estimation and optimization of results, quality and effectiveness of the creative work of man.

In researching more complicated objects, especially the systems of infoprocessing, the limited field of similarity (homomorphicity) is the main shortcoming of the models used so far. The widespread models contain the parameters, that characterize the material, power and economic indices and also their balance. The objects researched in philosophy or in humanities are mainly connected with the processes of transmission and handling of generalized information or GN. Also such elements of creative work as business plan, inventions, conceptions, hypotheses, theories, prognoses, philosophical systems, works of art, literature and science may be considered as more complicated models. Such models also exist and represent the second reality.

Researches of consciousness and of cognitive processes often do not distingnish between the really existing objects (primary reality) and their models, simplified in the mind of man (the secondary reality). For example, the state together with its organizations, economics, culture and citizenship represents the objective primary reality. The Constitution of this state, laws and other legal standards represent only approximate models of the state, which do not include all its aspects. All citizens hawe their individual and subjective ideals (noutions, models) about the state, which correspond to the primary object only approximately and incompletely. The cause of many misunderstandigs, mistakes and conflicts is that human beings perceive their inadequate or imperfect models as corresponding completely to really existing primary objects.

Optimization of models is a decisive stage in the course of processing information. The stage begins whith determining the characteristic features, limits and contents of the system, then its aims and objects will be determined. The probability of achieving the aim is the basis for calculating GE or the degree of uncertainty of the model. Applying the elaborated formulae it becomes possible to determine the influence of all expected structural and functional factors on GE. By means of comparative analysis the effectiveness of the model and factors that most of all increase GE or GN, are found. The immaterial factors may be removed from the model simultaneously simplifying it.

Using GE and GN together instead of probabilities enables in many cases to compose linear models dependent on many factors and also compose the balances of interchange of GE and GN between systems. For example, when examining the businessplan of a firm it is possible to prognosticate a 10% increase in the profit and to find out the probability of achieving of this prognosis (aim) by means of determining GE. After that the GE will be minimized by means of variation of the organizational and technical factors. If we consider in a model the publication of a certain book, then the purpose may be the sale of 10000 copies, whose probability depends on GE as a function of many factors. The aspiration to decrease GE and increase GN as much as possible, in relation to achievement of purpose may be taken as a general rule for the optimization of any system.

Prognosis of the efficiency of different versions is especially important for the realization of processes of control. The leading elements exist only in sufficiently organized systems: in living organisms, in the consciousness of man, in organizations or in machines. As a general rule, a system is completely controlled in the event if the sum of GN, contained in the system and GN, communicated to the system by the organ of control, is equal to or exceeds the maximum GEm of the system. If the summary GN is smaller than GEm, the system will be controlled only partially, and partially its conduct is indefinite. By means of criteria of GE and GN we can find also possibilities to determine to what extent the system is controlled by each influencing factor separately and which of them are the most important.

As GN exists objectively in all primary real systems, this criterion must be taken into consideration also in all their models. This will improve considerably the reliability of models, increasing the effectiveness work of all means of infotechnology.

Acknowledgement of GN, as a function of state and as one of the main forms of objective reality will change essentially the existing widespread views on cosmology and world prospects. Arguments between the representatives of scientific, metaphysical and religious trends about the existence of “non-material world” will also decrease. Further research into all the scientific and humanitarian conceptions by means of the criteria of GN will enable to work out the integrated and united world outlook of infosociety.

The new methods of estimation of creative work according to the criteria GE and GN allow of more exact estimating and forecasting of the results of the activities of the elite of infosociety - the creative intellectuals. Thereby their prestige and responsibility including solving the global problems of humanity will increase. Unless we can accelerate the process of increasing the GN of society in comparison with the growth of GE, mankind will perish, sink in its own contradictions. For developing the optimum strategies it is essential to determine GE and GN in all the main systems by means of the criteria (aims) of progressive development (increase of GN) of humankind.

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